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At least 199 records · Page 11Linked to original sources
PubMed2003

Establishment of a fluorescent polymerase chain reaction method for the detection of the SARS-associated coronavirus and its clinical application.

OBJECTIVE: To establish a fluorescent polymerase chain reaction (F-PCR) method for detecting the coronavirus related to severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) and to evaluate its value for clinical application. METHODS: The primers and the fluorescence-labeled probe were designed and synthesized according to the published sequence of the SARS-associated coronavirus genes. A F-PCR diagnosis kit for detecting the coronavirus was developed, and 115 clinical nasopharyngeal gargling liquid samples were tested. RESULTS: The sequence of PCR amplified products completely matched the related sequence of the SARS-associated coronavirus genome. Forty-nine out of 67 samples from identified SARS patients and 8 of 18 samples from persons having close contact with SARS patients showed positive results. All 30 samples from healthy controls were negative. CONCLUSION: The F-PCR method established may be a rapid, accurate and efficient way for screening and for the early diagnosis of SARS patients.

Fluorescence↗
PubMed1992

[General rules of infection prevention in organ transplantation, bone marrow transplantation and prosthetic surgery].

General rules to prevent are categorized into four classes. The first one concern patient before operation: well-balanced nourishment latent infections treatment, digestive tract micro flora elimination, immunizations, antiseptic gargles, skin antisepsis. The second one concern operation: previous fumigation, very high efficiency filtration and laminar flow air, transplant care, antibioprophylaxis, operating theatre discipline. The third one concern post-operation days: cubicle initial fumigation, high efficiency filtration and positive pressure air, strict protective insulation, single-use things, controlled food, specific anti viral prevention, catheters and tubes removal or replacement. The fourth one concern going home patient: well-balanced nourishment, body hygiene and hands washing, infected people shunning, gardening and cleaning proscribing, medical follow-up and latent infections systematic detection.

Bone Marrow Transplantation↗
PubMed1961

Studies on the virus content of mouth washings in the acute phase of smallpox.

Epidemiological observations suggest that smallpox is not highly infectious in the febrile pre-eruptive period of illness. As virus is first discharged by most patients from lesions in the mouth or upper respiratory passages, mouth washings or garglings from smallpox patients in the acute stage of the disease were examined for virus. Only five specimens were obtained in the first two days of illness but no virus was recovered from them. Virus was most frequently found in specimens collected from the sixth to the ninth day of illness inclusive-a period when lesions in the mouth were breaking down and discharging virus. The results are in conformity with the view that the smallpox patient is most infective in the first few days of the eruptive phase of his illness.

Humans↗
PubMed1992

Aerosol devices in the treatment of asthma. Technical and clinical factors.

Inhaled medications are capable of producing the best bronchial effect with fewest systemic side effects. Proper inhalation technique is critical if these devices are to be effective. Specific aspects of both the system and the inhaler technique used are critical in achieving optimal performance. Observation of each patient's inhaler technique is advised--it is not enough to merely give instructions or to simply discuss the therapy. Both efficacy and side effects are dose dependent; high doses of topical bronchodilators and anti-inflammatory drugs are appropriate for some patients. Protection against side effects may be achieved by gargling mouth and throat after use, or by using a spacing (holding) chamber. Long-term compliance with medication will be best if the number of doses used, and the side effects, are minimised.

Administration, Inhalation↗
PubMed2003

[Preventive effects of oren-gedoku-to on mucositis caused by anticancer agents in patients with acute leukemia].

Most anticancer agents frequently cause mucositis, such as stomatitis and gastrointestinal mucosal injury, which is closely associated with decrease in quality of life, infections and discontinuation of chemotherapy in patients with malignancy. We retrospectively evaluated the preventive effect of oral administration of oren-gedoku-to on stomatitis and diarrhea induced by cytotoxic drugs in 40 patients with acute leukemia. Incidence of stomatitis was 27.9% in the group given oren-gedoku-to, which was significantly lower compared with 71.6% in those who received a gargle consisting of allopurinol, sodium gualenate, and povidone-iodine. Drug-induced diarrhea was observed in 9.3% of the oren-gedoku-to group compared with 31.7% of the control group. These observations indicate a significant preventive effect of oren-gedoku-to on mucositis caused by anticancer agents.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed2003

Candidaemia in patients of a tertiary health care hospital from north India.

BACKGROUND & OBJECTIVES: Candidaemia is an important cause of mortality in hospital settings. Limited information is available from India on nosocomial candidaemia. The objective of the present study was to isolate and identify yeasts from patients suspected to have nosocomial bloodstream infection (BSI) and to determine the carriage rate of Candida species, risk factors for acquisition of infection and mortality in this group of patients. METHODS: Blood samples from 4871 patients suspected to have BSI at least 48 h after admission were cultured following standard protocol to isolate and identify the pathogens. Clinical details, possible risk factors and outcome of all candidaemic patients were recorded and analysed. Samples of hand washings and throat gargles from these patients were also cultured to determine the carriage rate. Candida albicans isolated from patients and their carriage sites were genotyped by randomly amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) analysis to study strain relatedness. RESULTS: Twenty one patients with candidaemia were detected with mortality of 55 per cent. Candidaemia per 1000 admissions was 1.61. Isolation of non-C. albicans Candida species was significantly higher than C. albicans (14/21 vs 7/21: P < 0.05). Use of broad-spectrum antibiotics (43%), gastrointestinal surgery (23%), immunosuppressive therapy (23%), protein calorie malnutrition with parenteral hyperalimentation (23%) and neutropaenia (14%) were identified as probable risk factors. The seven C. albicans strains isolated from patients with BSI were typed into 6 genotypes. Yeast carriage rate among the patients was 71.4 per cent. C. albicans isolated from the hand, throat and blood of two patients had identical genotype. INTERPRETATION & CONCLUSION: BSI due to non-C. albicans Candida species is more common than C. albicans in our patients and candidaemia is associated with high mortality. RAPD appears to be a simple method to study strain relatedness for C. albicans. There is a need for early diagnosis and systematic surveillance to meet the challenges of nosocomial candidaemia.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2003

[Effects and holding time of hyperbaric oxygen on human severe periodontitis].

OBJECTIVE: This paper studied the therapeutic effects and holding time of hyperbaric oxygen (HBO) on human severe periodontitis. METHODS: 30 cases with periodontitis were selected and randomly divided into 2 groups, i.e. the HBO group and control group. For HBO group, they were exposed to a pressure of 0.25 MPa. For control group, they were rinsed with gargle. Gingival indices (GI), sulcus bleeding indices (SBI), plaque index (PLI), probing depth (PD), attachment loss (AL) and gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) were measured during both the first and last clinical visits, and 1 year after HBO therapy. The gingival blood flow (GBF) were measured by Laser Doppler Flowmeter. RESULTS: HBO can decrease GI of patients with periodontitis by 1.1 decrease SBI by 1.2, lower PD and AL by 0.7 mm, decrease the volume of GCF by 2.0, and significant differences could be seen in the above indices between pre and post HBO therapy. The GBF had a 1.8 folds increase after HBO exposure. GI and SBI one year after HBO therapy were larger than that of the time after HBO therapy. There were no significant differences in the PLI, PD, AL, GCF, GBF between post HBO therapy and 1 year after HBO therapy. CONCLUSION: HBO had good therapeutic effects on human severe periodontitis, the effects can keep more than 1 year.

Adult↗
PubMed2003

Severe oral symptoms after the use of an oral solution containing ketoprofen in two NSAIDs-sensitive patients.

Cutaneous application of the nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) ketoprofen has been reported to induce contact dermatitis. However, there is no report of intraoral symptoms after the use of solutions containing this drug. In this report we describe two cases of severe intraoral symptoms after the use of a gargle containing ketoprofen in two patients with NSAIDs hypersensitivity. The patients underwent diagnostic procedures 6 months after the episodes of intraoral symptoms. Procedures included skin prick test for inhalant and food allergens, and total- and specific-IgE determinations to evaluate the presence of atopy. A single-blind, placebo-controlled challenge with different dilutions (1/1000, 1/100, 1/10, and 1/1) of ketoprofen oral solution was carried out by a modified version of a standardized protocol. We used the same commercial solution without the drug as placebo. Diagnostic procedures failed to demonstrate allergic sensitization to the common inhalant and food allergens. Both patients experienced a slight intraoral itching and edema of the lips a few minutes after the intraoral use of 1/100 dilution of active drug. Our cases suggest that the contact of an oral solution containing ketoprofen with oral mucosa may induce locally severe oral manifestations. Patients with NSAIDs sensitivity should be warned on the potential risk of using an oral solution containing this class of drugs.

Administration, Oral↗
PubMed2004

[Two cases of asthmatic exacerbation caused by parainfluenza virus 3 infection].

Although viral respiratory tract infections are considered to be the most frequent causes of asthmatic exacerbation, respiratory viruses can rarely be detected in the adult population. We describe 2 cases, in a 43-yr-old man with severe atopic asthma and in a 69-yr-old man with moderate non-atopic asthma. After the onset of nasal discharge, sore throat and fever, the asthma had become exacerbated in both cases during the summer of 2002. In both cases, parainfluenza virus (PIV) 3 viral RNA could be detected from oral gargling by RT-PCR, and the serum viral antibody titer against PIV 3 increased significantly. These cases were therefore diagnosed as undergoing asthmatic exacerbation caused by PIV 3 infection and were successfully treated with systemic steroids. During summer, 2002, in our outpatient clinic, PIV 3 infection was demonstrated in approximately half of the asthmatic exacerbations associated with upper respiratory symptoms, including the present cases. Collectively, PIV 3 seems to represent an important viral cause of asthma exacerbation in summer.

Adult↗
PubMed1992

Adaptation of the de Vilbiss atomizer for the delivery of topical anesthesia.

A de Vilbiss atomizer was adapted for delivery of topical anesthesia to the nasal, oral, pharyngeal, laryngeal, and tracheal tissues prior to outpatient bronchoscopy under monitored anesthesia care for a patient who must remain in the sitting position. The adaptation, utilizing a Baxter Airlife oxygen tubing attached on one end to an oxygen source and the other to the port of a de Vilbiss atomizer, contained a small perforation on the oxygen tubing that allowed for thumb-controlled oxygen flow and delivery of local anesthesia. Anesthetization of the oropharyngeal membranes and suppression of the gag reflex was accomplished primarily by gargling with dyclonine (1%) and dyclonine (.5%) administered through this adapted atomizer. An oral airway lubricated with 2% lidocaine jelly was inserted to direct the delivery of the local anesthetic spray since a laryngoscope was unable to be inserted safely in the sitting position. Local anesthesia of lidocaine (4%) was administered transtracheally and dyclonine (.5%) was delivered through the atomizer along the oral airway with each inspiration to anesthetize the larynx and trachea for a total of 220 mg lidocaine and 300 mg dyclonine, respectively. This method of local anesthetic application for outpatient bronchoscopy proved to be successful in the patient with a compromised cardiac and pulmonary status who is unable to lie flat.

Administration, Topical↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Use of tomicid in prophylaxis of respiratory streptococcal infection in the organized groups of children of pre-school age].

The results of the approbation of the use of Tomicid for the prophylaxis of scarlet fever and other manifestations of streptococcal infection in an organized group of children of pre-school age are presented. The pronounced prophylactic effect of Tomicid, manifested by a reliable decrease of group A streptococcal carrier state, as well as in a decrease in morbidity in respiratory streptococcal infection among children in the test group in comparison with those in the control one. The simplicity of the use of the preparation (as throat gargle for 5 days) makes it possible to regard this preparation as a promising remedy for the urgent prophylaxis of scarlet fever.

Anti-Bacterial Agents↗
PubMed2006

[Management and therapy in functional aphonia: analysis of 500 cases].

INTRODUCTION: The article reviews current opinions on etiopathogenesis and management of functional total loss of the ability to produce loud voice. Psychogenic aphonia refers to involuntary whispering despite a basically normal larynx. MATERIAL AND METHODS: [corrected] The longitudinal study was carried out on 500 patients treated for psychogenic aphonia during 32 years (1972-2004). Of the facilitating techniques, the following were useful for phoniatric therapy: relaxation and respiration, gargle, chewing, pushing, inhalation phonation, masking, phonetic exercises. RESULTS: During the first day of vocal exercises the voice return to 410 patients (82%). The others required carrying on vocal therapy. CONCLUSIONS: The basic importance of phoniatric therapy is recovering the voice during the first day of vocal exercises. Sometimes the aphonic patient profits most from symptomatic voice therapy concurrent with psychotherapy.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1990

[Pathogenesis of bacterial respiratory infection and new approach of the treatment].

Causative agents of respiratory infections has been changed because of increase in number of aged people and compromised host and the rapid development of new chemotherapeutic agents. Especially Branhamella catarrhalis (B. catarrhalis), which is very unique and has become a common respiratory pathogen, since 1980, in my department. Attachment ability of B. catarrhalis to oropharyngeal cells coincided with the acute exacerbation of chronic respiratory infections by this bacterium and the same phenomenon in pneumococcal infections was also established. In the hospital for aged people, two major pathogens Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) and Pseudomonas aeruginosa (P. aeruginosa) are specially seen. In these patients, the two major ones were isolated from the oropharynx. Non-typable Haemophilus influenzae (H. influenzae) is also very important in Japan like USA. Recurrent infection with this pathogen occurred due to the change of OMPs during the time period of more than one month. Complement and some amount of ceftadizim were inactivated by destroyed neutrophils in vitro. This result may explain one of the cause of intractability of P. aeruginosa infection. Monoclonal antibody against P. aeruginosa showed effectiveness in P. aeruginosa pneumonia model in mice. Intraabdominal administration of fibronectin also was effective for staphylococcal pneumonia in rat. Oropharyngeal pathogens like S. aureus, S. pneumonia, B. catarrhalis, H. influenzae and P. aeruginosa were killed by 100-500 times diluted solution of 7% povidonjod solution. Moreover the frequency of recurrence of infection by these bacteria were decreased by gargling this solution 3-4 times/day.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Adolescent↗
PubMed1990

[Treatment of radiostomatitis with Salcoat].

Most malignancies occurring in the oral cavity are squamous carcinoma for which radiotherapy as a treatment is the first choice. However, radiostomatitis, which occurs as a concomitant symptom due to radiation, largely disturbs the effect of radiotherapy. Antibiotics or a gargle are used to treat this concomitant symptom, but these preparations are not satisfactorily effective especially in cases in which the symptoms are severe and/or wide spread. Salcoat, a spray-type preparation of Beclomethasone dipropionate that is used to treat stomatitis, has excellent features which compensate for the disadvantage of the previously mentioned therapy. This preparation can be administered in a non-contact manner, and it contains hydroxypropyl cellulose which assures good adhesion to the mucosa, thus covering and protecting the affected area for a long time. In our clinical trials, this preparation was found to be highly useful in relieving pain and dysgeusia due to radiostomatitis, there by maintaining the quality of life.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

[The significance of the contamination of dental care articles. The results of a field study].

Permissible conclusions both from recent available literature and our own field-study results concerning the problematic nature of microbial contamination of dental hygiene articles and the resulting possible health hazard for the consumer can be summarized as follows: Manufacturing practices as are given in the basic instructions for production sites of the cosmetic industry, render a possible degree of microbial contamination. This largely rules out the danger of infection of the consumer upon acquisition of the dental hygiene product. Secondary contamination of these products, as inevitably is the case during use of dental hygiene articles, leads to microbial colonization especially of toothbrush bristles. The extent of this colonization depends at least partially upon the utilization age of the toothbrush. Also for this reason a toothbrush should be replaced by a new one after period of three months, six months at the latest and in all cases of inflammatory changes of the mouth and throat region. The contamination of both the glass or plastic container used for rinsing the teeth after brushing or for gargling can be held within certain limits by dry storage. Only in exceptional cases do mouthwashes show a small degree of contamination. Provided they contain antimicrobial substances, no therapeutically serviceable possibilities worth mentioning follow for the reduction of oropharyngeal flora. Microbial colonization of toothpastes as a result of secondary contamination following use is observed only in exceptional cases due to their preservative content. Significant germination of stagnated residual water in waterpicks often occurs, achieving germ counts up to more than 10(7) cfu per ml. Moreover, waterpicks can represent a biotope for Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and should be used neither by patients with open wounds or mucous membrane lesions in the oropharyngeal area, nor by patients with reduced immune resistance. Manufacturers of waterpicks are urged to impede or prevent the stagnation of residual water more effectively by introducing constructive improvements. Denture and retainer cleansing agents presently on the market display a sufficient antimicrobial effect within the frame of their application, however do not meet the standards set for disinfectants. Dental hygiene products are without relevance for the epidemiology of Legionnaires' disease.

Bacteria↗
PubMed1989

[The use of chlorhexidine bigluconate in the combined treatment of patients with chronic generalized (granulomatous) candidiasis].

.02% aqueous solution of chlorhexidine bigluconate has been used in the treatment of patients with chronic generalized candidiasis. Salivary pH values have been checked up over the course of treatment. The drug has been administered as a gargle or in applications 3-4 min 4-5 times daily for 10-12 days. Such treatment has completely cleared away the oral mucosa and tongue symptoms; this procedure has been followed by sanitizing of the oral cavity.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1989

[Therapy of chronic recurrent respiratory tract infections].

In 1987, the most frequently identified pathogens in chronic respiratory tract infections in our clinic were Haemophilus influenzae, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Branhamella catarrhalis, Streptococcus pneumoniae, Staphylococcus aureus and Klebsiella pneumoniae. Recurrent infection is a common phenomenon in patients with chronic respiratory tract infections, including chronic bronchitis, chronic bronchiolitis and bronchiectasis. H. influenzae is the most common pathogen in such patients. Macrolides, tetracyclines and new quinolones were effective to protect against recurrent infection of H. influenzae and these finding suggested that L-forms of H. influenzae may be significant in the recurrence of infection in patients with chronic respiratory tract infection. Bacterial colonization of the oropharynx is the initial event in most lower respiratory tract infections. Gargling protects against bacteria colonization of the oropharynx and occurrence of acute exacerbation.

Anti-Bacterial Agents↗