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At least 199 records · Page 11Linked to original sources
PubMed2003

Immediate protection of swine from foot-and-mouth disease: a combination of adenoviruses expressing interferon alpha and a foot-and-mouth disease virus subunit vaccine.

We have previously shown that swine inoculated with recombinant, replication-defective human adenovirus type 5 containing the porcine interferon alpha gene (Ad5-pIFNalpha) are completely protected when challenged 1 day later with virulent foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV). In the current study, we examined the duration of protection afforded swine by Ad5-pIFNalpha and the ability of a combination of Ad5-pIFNalpha and a FMDV subunit vaccine delivered by Ad5-A24 (an Ad5 vector containing the capsid coding region of FMDV serotype A24 Cruzeiro and the 3C proteinase coding region of FMDV serotype A12) to induce immediate as well as long-lasting protection against homologous FMDV challenge. Groups of swine were inoculated with Ad5-pIFNalpha and challenged with virulent FMDV A24 1, 3, 5, and 7 days postinoculation (dpi) or 1 day preinoculation. All animals challenged 1 and 3dpi were completely protected from disease. The animals in the remaining groups had either no clinical signs of disease or clinical signs were delayed and less severe compared to the control group. Swine inoculated with a combination of Ad5-pIFNalpha and Ad5-A24 and challenged 5dpi were all completely protected from disease and developed a significant FMDV-specific neutralizing antibody response.

Adenoviridae↗
PubMed2004

Detection of foot-and-mouth virus antibodies using a purified protein from the high-level expression of codon-optimized, foot-and-mouth disease virus complex epitopes in Escherichia coli.

A codon optimized DNA sequence coding for foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV) capsid protein complex epitopes of VP1 amino acid residues 21-40, 135-160, and 200-213 was genetically fused to the C-terminal end of a glutathione-S-transferase (GST) gene in pGEX-6P-1 vector with the synonymous codons preferred by Escherichia coli . The gene was synthesized using PCR and subsequently expressed in E. coli producing an intracellular, soluble fusion protein that retained antigenicity associated with FMDV antibodies by western blot analysis. The chimera was purified from bacterial lysates by affinity chromatography and could be used in ELISA tests for antibodies against FMDV.

Animals↗
PubMed1999

Evidence of partial protection against foot-and-mouth disease in cattle immunized with a recombinant adenovirus vector expressing the precursor polypeptide (P1) of foot-and-mouth disease virus capsid proteins.

A recombinant live vector vaccine was produced by insertion of cDNA encoding the structural proteins (P1) of foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV) into a replication-competent human adenovirus type 5 vaccine strain (Ad5 wt). Groups of cattle (n = 3) were immunized twice, by the subcutaneous and/or intranasal routes, with either the Ad5 wt vaccine or with the recombinant FMDV Ad5-P1 vaccine. All animals were challenged by intranasal instillation of FMDV 4 weeks after the second immunizations. In the absence of a detectable antibody response to FMDV, significant protection against viral challenge was seen in all of the animals immunized twice by the subcutaneous route with the recombinant vaccine. The observed partial protection against clinical disease was not associated with a reduction in titre of persistent FMDV infections in the oropharynx of challenged cattle.

Adenoviruses, Human↗
PubMed1980

Foot rot of pigs: the influence of biotin supplementation on foot lesions in sows.

A herd of 116 sows with a high frequency of foot lesions and lameness was divided into two groups, A and B. Group B was supplemented with 1160 microgram per day of biotin in pregnancy and 2320 microgram per day in lactation, over a 12-month period. No improvement occurred in the condition of the feet or skin. Gilts introduced as replacements to the herd were allocated alternately to the groups. Those receiving biotin (group B) showed significantly fewer lesions of heel erosion, white-line, heel bruising and "corn", and the severity and number of lesions of the lateral hind claws were also significantly improved.

Animals↗
PubMed2003

Diabetic foot syndrome: evaluating the prevalence and incidence of foot pathology in Mexican Americans and non-Hispanic whites from a diabetes disease management cohort.

OBJECTIVE: To report the incidence of diabetes-related lower-extremity complications in a cohort of patients enrolled in a diabetes disease management program. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS: We evaluated screening results and clinical outcomes for the first 1,666 patients enrolled in a disease management program for a period of 24 months (50.3% men, aged 69.1 +/- 11.1 years). RESULTS: The incidence of ulceration, infection, amputation, and lower-extremity bypass was 68.4, 36.5, 5.9, and 7.7 per 1,000 persons with diabetes per year. Amputation incidence was higher in Mexican Americans than in non-Hispanic whites (7.4/1,000 vs. 4.1/1,000; P = 0.003, odds ratio [OR] 1.8, 95% CI 1.2-2.7). The amputation-to-ulcer ratio was 8.7%. The incidence of Charcot arthropathy was 8.5/1,000 per year. Charcot was more common in non-Hispanic whites than in Mexican Americans (11.7/1,000 vs. 6.4/1,000; P = 0.0001, 1.8, 1.3-2.5). The prevalence of peripheral vascular disease was 13.5%, with no significant difference based on ethnicity (P = 0.3). There was not a significant difference in incidence of foot infection (P = 0.9), lower-extremity bypass (P = 0.3), or ulceration (P = 0.1) based on ethnicity. However, there were more failed bypasses in Mexican Americans (33%) than in non-Hispanic whites (7.1%). Mexican Americans were 3.8 times more likely to have a failed bypass (leading to an amputation) or be diagnosed as "nonbypassable" than non-Hispanic whites (75.0 vs. 44.0%; P = 0.01, 3.8, 1.2-11.8). CONCLUSIONS: The incidence of amputation is higher in Mexican Americans, despite rates of ulceration, infection, vascular disease, and lower-extremity bypass similar to those of non-Hispanic whites. There may be factors associated with failed or failure to bypass that mandate further investigation.

Age of Onset↗
PubMed1991

[Foot problems in chronic polyarthritis: shoe advice and foot care].

Inflammatory alterations of the feet due to rheumatoid arthritis very often reduce the patient's quality of life. We present the pathogenetic mechanisms and discuss practicable and efficient prophylactic and therapeutic methods. A method recently developed by our occupational therapist for placing foot pads correctly in shoes is described.

Arthritis, Rheumatoid↗
PubMed1979

[Replacement of skin defects on the foot with dorsal foot artery pedicle island flap (author's transl)].

On the basis of four known cases, authors describe the art. dors. pedis pedicle island flap method (McCraw, Furlow) for replacement of skin defects on the foot. The pedicle of the flap is composed of the art dors. pedis, the vena comitans and the peroneal nerve. The flap is suitable for replacement of skin defects around the external or internal malleolus, on the margin of the sole and heal, over the tendon Achilles as well as on the anterior surface of the lower third leg. Vascular anatomy of the island is described and details of the technics for the formation of island are given. Beside the good vascular supply the importance of innervation is emphasized.

Adult↗
PubMed1992

The feasibility of hind foot amputation in selected sarcomas of the foot.

The treatment of foot sarcomas is generally a below knee amputation. In selected sarcomas of the forefoot, however, a transtarsal amputation according to Chopart, a calcaneotibial arthrodesis according to Pirogoff, or a supramalleolar amputation according to Syme can be considered the treatment of choice, leading to an optimal functional outcome.

Adult↗
PubMed2006

Reconstruction of the foot after leg or foot compartment syndrome.

Compartment syndrome should be treated early and aggressively to prevent late complications. Patients may have late deformity because of a failure of diagnosis, inadequate decompression, or a delay in fasciotomies. Late reconstruction will allow a plantigrade and relatively functional foot. Complete excision of scarred muscle will prevent recurrence in established deformities. Early treatment may prevent significant functional impairment by well-placed tenotomies. In patients with severe long-term deformities with extensive soft tissue contraction, incremental correction may be an appropriate intermediate intervention.

Compartment Syndromes↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Is there a critical level of plantar foot pressure to identify patients at risk for neuropathic foot ulceration?

The purpose of this study was to identify a point along the spectrum of peak plantar forefoot pressure that has an optimum combination of sensitivity and specificity to screen for neuropathic ulceration. We enrolled 219 diabetic patients in this case-control study in an approximate 2:1 control:case ratio. Cases were defined as patients with an active or recently healed neuropathic ulceration. Controls were defined as those with no history of ulceration. All patients had peak plantar pressures analyzed with the EMED gait analysis system. Peak plantar pressure was, as expected, significantly higher for patients with ulcers compared to controls [83.1 +/- 24.7 N/cm2 (range, 10-125) vs. 62.7 +/- 24.4 N/cm2 (range, 7.3-113), p < .001]. The ulcer group was clearly skewed toward a higher prevalence of elevated peak plantar forefoot pressure compared with the control group, which displayed the opposite trend (control group skewness = 0.286, kurtosis = -0.482; ulcer group skewness = -0.389, kurtosis = -0.289). Using receiver operating characteristic analysis, the optimal cut-point, as determined by a balance of sensitivity and specificity was 70 N/cm2, which yielded a sensitivity of 70.0% and a specificity of 65.1%. We concluded that, while there is no optimal cut-point for clearly screening patients for risk of foot ulceration, the higher the peak pressure, the higher the commensurate risk.

Adult↗
PubMed2005

Re-assessing the likelihood of airborne spread of foot-and-mouth disease at the start of the 1967-1968 UK foot-and-mouth disease epidemic.

The likelihood of airborne spread of foot-and-mouth disease at the start of the 1967-1968 epidemic is re-assessed in the light of current understanding of airborne disease spread. The findings strongly confirm those made at the time that airborne virus was the most likely cause of the rapid early development of the disease out to 60 km from the source. This conclusion is reached following a detailed epidemiological, meteorological and modelling study using original records and current modelling techniques. The role played by 'lee waves' as the mechanism for the spread is investigated. It is thought that they played little part in influencing the development of the epidemic. A number of lessons learned from the work are drawn, identifying the need for further research on the quantity and characteristics of airborne virus. The results are also used to illustrate what advice would have been available to disease controllers if the outbreak had occurred in 2004.

Air Microbiology↗
PubMed2004

A new hip-knee-ankle-foot sling: kinematic comparison with a traditional ankle-foot orthosis.

In this study, we performed a kinematic analysis of a new, low-cost sling for the lower limb, compared to a common ankle-foot orthosis (AFO). Gait with no orthosis, with the AFO, and with the new sling was analyzed in one hemiplegic subject. Both the AFO and the sling reduced the mean angle and ROM (range of movement) of the ankle and the vertical displacement of the center of mass. The sling, but not the AFO, restored the normal sequence heel-strike, forefoot contact of the affected side. The sling, but not the AFO, reduced the affected limb stance and stride duration, increased stride length, and improved walking speed. In conclusion, the proposed sling for the lower limb equally improved the affected ankle kinematics in contrast to the traditional AFO, and it also improved some gait variables in this hemiplegic subject.

Aged↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Size and shape differences between male and female foot bones: is the female foot predisposed to hallux abducto valgus deformity?

This study introduces a new technique to measure bone size and shape. A three-dimensional laser scan was taken of the talus, navicular, medial cuneiform, and first metatarsal from 107 skeletons of known age and sex. The bones were analyzed for differences in bone morphology between the sexes and the ability of each bone to contribute to the adducted position of the first metatarsal. Linear measurements showed that male bones were larger than female bones. Measurements of articular surfaces suggested that female bones had the potential for more movement to occur in the direction of adduction, possibly resulting in the female first metatarsal being more adducted than that in the male skeleton. Such differences may underlie the predisposition of the female foot to develop hallux valgus deformity.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1999

Revascularization for foot salvage in diabetic critical foot ischaemia.

A consecutive series of 32 diabetic patients, 16 male and 16 female, who presented to the authors with critical limb ischaemia was reviewed over a two-year period. Atherosclerotic risk factors and co-morbidities were present in 56% of these patients. Diagnostic angiography was performed in all patients. Revascularization was achieved in 91% of the cases with three perioperative deaths. Ten bypasses were anastomosed distally to one of the crural or ankle arteries at the foot. Major amputations were required in five patients who had had revascularization and in 4 of these gross sepsis was the main factor responsible for limb loss despite patent grafts. The primary graft patency rates at one month and one year were 96% and 90% respectively. Surgical reconstruction was possible in the majority of diabetic patients with critical ischaemia and should be offered to patients preferably before the establishment of gross sepsis to improve limb salvage.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

[Antigenic structure of the foot-and-mouth virus. V. Protection of naturally susceptible animals from foot-and-mouth disease using a synthetic peptide].

We have synthesized the peptide representing 135-159 VP1 sequence of A22 strain of the foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV). The synthetic peptide induced 100% protection of guinea pigs against the disease. Two-fold immunization of cuttle with the peptide and single immunization of sheep induced full protection of the animals against A22 strain of FMDV.

Amino Acid Sequence↗
PubMed1993

[Study of fore foot pressure distribution in the foot with hallux valgus].

Forefoot pressure measurements were performed by means of Musgrave Footprint system on both 20 healthy subjects (40 feet) and 31 patients with hallux valgus (45 feet). The results showed that the peak pressure under the 1st and 2nd metatarsal heads in the foot with hallux valgus was increased significantly (P < 0.01). The peak pressure under the great toe was decreased with an increasing hallux valgus angle, and the both of them were in negative correlation (r = -0.32, P < 0.05). The clinical significance of these findings was discussed.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1996

[Diabetic foot syndrome in clinical practice. I. A model of a Diabetic Foot Consulting Unit].

Complex pathogenesis of the foot syndrome involving a number of body system and tissues provided us with grounds for making multispecialistic assessment of its severity. Also a decision about the type and intensity of procedure should be multispecialistic. An interdisciplinary team consists of a diabetologist, diabetic educator, podiatrist, kinesitherapist, orthopedist, general and vascular surgeon and a consultant from manufacturing corrective shoes. The make-up of the team implies that the procedure includes education, metabolic normalization of diabetes mellitus, orthopedic correction, possible surgical intervention and rehabilitation. Results discussed in part II of the study indicate the effectiveness of such approach.

Diabetes Mellitus↗