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At least 199 records · Page 11Linked to original sources
PubMed2005

Canal preparation with Hero 642 rotary Ni-Ti instruments compared with stainless steel hand K-file assessed using computed tomography.

AIM: To compare ex vivo root canal preparation with conventional stainless steel K-files and Hero 642 rotary Ni-Ti instruments. METHODOLOGY: Mesiobuccal canals of 20 maxillary first molars (with angles of curvature between 25 degrees and 35 degrees ) were used. After preparation with Hero 642 rotary instruments and stainless steel K-files, the amount of transportation that occurred was assessed using computed tomography. The teeth were scanned by computed tomography before instrumentation. One millimetre thick slices were prepared from the apical end point to the pulp chamber. The first two sections were 3 mm from the apical end of the root (apical level) and 3 mm below the orifice (coronal level). A further section (mid-root level) was recorded, dividing the distance between the sections of apical and coronal levels into two equal lengths. Ten teeth were instrumented using Hero 642 rotary instruments and another 10 teeth were instrumented using stainless steel K-files. Following the completion of the instrumentation, the teeth were again scanned and compared with the cross-sectional images taken prior to canal preparation. Amount of transportation and centreing ability was assessed. Student's t-test was used for statistical analysis. RESULTS: Less transportation occurred with Hero 642 rotary instruments than stainless steel K-files at the mid-root and coronal levels (mid-root: P < 0.05 and coronal: P < 0.001). Hero 642 rotary instruments had better centreing ability than K-files at all three levels (apical: P < 0.05, mid-root: P < 0.05 and coronal: P < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: Hero 642 rotary instruments transported canals less, especially at the middle and coronal thirds of the root canals than stainless steel K-files. Hero 642 instruments had better centreing ability.

Dental Alloys↗
PubMed2006

Reproducibility of and file format effect on digital subtraction radiography of simulated external root resorptions.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate, in simulated external root resorptions (ERR), two factors that may affect results of digital subtraction radiography (DSR): (1) intraobserver and interobserver reproducibility and (2) effects of digital file formats (TIFF, BMP and JPEG) on the estimation of mineral loss. METHODS: Eleven incisors were radiographed three times (NR, no resorption; SR, small--#1/4 round bur; and LR, large--#2 round bur) on standardized projections. The resulting images were reproduced and saved as TIFF, JPEG and BMP file formats. The pairs of TIFF images (NR x SR and NR x LR) were subtracted three times at 1 week intervals by three observers. One observer subtracted pairs of images (NR x SR and NR x LR) for all file formats. For each subtraction the resorption area was selected and mean pixel density values were calculated. RESULTS: Analysis of variance (ANOVA) (P = 0.05) showed no statistical differences for intraobserver and interobserver values. Mean pixel density values were: observer A, 121.60 +/- 2.56 (NR x SR) and 111.84 +/- 4.04 (NR x LR); observer B, 121.86 +/- 2.50 (NR x SR) and 110.92 +/- 3.36 (NR x LR); and observer C, 121.70 +/- 2.39 (NR x SR) and 111.10 +/- 2.67 (NR x LR). Also, no statistical differences were found between file formats for LR (TIFF, 110.88 +/- 2.79; JPEG, 111.35 +/- 3.35; BMP, 111.00 +/- 2.70) and for SR between TIFF (121.30 +/- 2.34) and JPEG (120.46 +/- 1.51) or BMP (121.67 +/- 2.18) file formats. Differences were found between the JPEG and BMP groups. CONCLUSIONS: DSR is reproducible in simulated ERR, and JPEG or BMP file formats do not affect results.

Analysis of Variance↗
PubMed1995

Periodontal files--a comparative study.

Periodontal files are used by many dentists for instrumentation of root surfaces as a part of periodontal treatment. The purposes of this study were: 1) to examine, evaluate, and compare several periodontal files in 3 different conditions: new, used, and used/sharpened and 2) to evaluate the efficacy of 5 sharpening devices. The main characteristics observed included: the number, shape, and interval of blades; the active, rake, and lip angles; changes induced by wear; the influence of sharpening; and the type of metal surfaces comprising the blades. There was a wide range of active angles on each individual file, from a high of 75 degrees to a low of 51 degrees. The range of active angles for all blades on all new files was even greater, from a high of 87 degrees to a low of 30 degrees. Wear, observed on some but not all blades, was not extensive and appeared either as abrasion or, occasionally, as fracture of the blade edge. Sharpness scores (5 = sharpest and 1 = dullest) for new file blades were also extremely variable and spanned the full range of values, with a majority of blades scoring 3.5 and below. Attempts to sharpen files with several devices produced inconsistent results. All 5 sharpening devices had significant shortcomings. It was concluded that the extreme ranges both in active angles and in sharpness scores probably have a significant influence on effectiveness of root instrumentation.

Dental Instruments↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Comparing Web and touch screen transaction log files.

BACKGROUND: Digital health information is available on a wide variety of platforms including PC-access of the Internet, Wireless Application Protocol phones, CD-ROMs, and touch screen public kiosks. All these platforms record details of user sessions in transaction log files, and there is a growing body of research into the evaluation of this data. However, there is very little research that has examined the problems of comparing the transaction log files of kiosks and the Internet. OBJECTIVES: To provide a first step towards examining the problems of comparing the transaction log files of kiosks and the Internet. METHODS: We studied two platforms: touch screen kiosks and a comparable Web site. For both of these platforms, we examined the menu structure (which affects transaction log file data), the log-file structure, and the metrics derived from log-file records. RESULTS: We found substantial differences between the generated metrics. CONCLUSIONS: None of the metrics discussed can be regarded as an effective way of comparing the use of kiosks and Web sites. Two metrics stand out as potentially comparable and valuable: the number of user sessions per hour and user penetration of pages.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1995

Distributing an electronic thoracic imaging teaching file using the Internet, Mosaic, and personal computers.

A high quality film-based teaching file requires effort and expense to create and maintain. The effort is worthwhile because film collections are important vehicles for increasing a radiologist's personal data base of clinical experience. Expert clinical reasoning is to a large extent the process of comparing a current case to a data base of individual cases available in memory. A teaching file would be most helpful if it were available at the view box where it could be used to extend a radiologist's clinical experience. Unfortunately, a film-based file is confined to one area, usually remote from the view box. In addition, searching though a film file is difficult, the films wear out over time, and films are easily lost or stolen. Our goal is the creation of a thoracic imaging teaching file that solves these problems by providing a digital collection of images, videos, and text that can be used in the work place by many users simultaneously. The first part of this teaching file is now continuously available locally within our department and globally to users of the Internet.

Computer Communication Networks↗
PubMed2002

The accuracy of the Neosono Ultima EZ apex locator using files of different alloys: an in vitro study.

The purpose of this study was to compare the precision of one of the new generation of root canal measuring devices, Neosono Ultima EZ, while using files manufactured of different alloys. Fifty-four root canals of extracted teeth were chosen. They were placed in special tubes with roots immersed in 2 percent agar with phosphate buffered saline. The device was used to locate the apex of each canal in wet conditions at the zero digital reading, first using a stainless steel file and then using a nickel-titanium file. These values were compared to the actual lengths obtained by measuring the distance of the coronal reference point to the apical opening with a size 10 file minus 0.5 mm. The accuracy of the device was 94 percent with nickel-titanium files and 91 percent with stainless steel. No significant difference was noted between the results for either file. The accuracy of the Neosono Ultima EZ in wet conditions exceeded 90 percent regardless of the alloy used.

Dental Alloys↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Differences in the obstetric malpractice claims filed by Medicaid and non-Medicaid patients.

BACKGROUND: Many physicians believe Medicaid patients are more likely than non-Medicaid patients to file malpractice claims. This study examines the accuracy of this belief in regard to obstetric malpractice claims. METHODS: Claims filed between January 1982 and June 1988 from the major malpractice insurer in Washington State were used to compare obstetric malpractice claims filed on behalf of Medicaid and non-Medicaid patients. RESULTS: Eleven percent (7/62) of all closed obstetric claims were filed by Medicaid patients, whereas 19 percent of all births in Washington State were to Medicaid patients between 1982 and 1988. Failure to diagnose or treat a fetal condition was the most commonly alleged negligence in both Medicaid and non-Medicaid groups. Most claims in both groups were settled before the cases went to court; a substantial minority of claims were dropped. The mean cost of Medicaid claims ($406,984) was three times that of non-Medicaid claims ($133,743), suggesting that paid Medicaid claims were more severe than paid non-Medicaid claims. CONCLUSIONS: Medicaid patients appear no more likely to file obstetric malpractice claims than non-Medicaid patients. The low likelihood of filing claims, coupled with large settlements, suggests that Medicaid patients may have less access to legal services than non-Medicaid patients.

Female↗
PubMed2006

Comparison of clinical outcomes using a nickel titanium rotary or stainless steel hand file instrumentation technique.

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the concept that novice clinicians could perform clinical endodontics better and more efficiently if the stainless steel hand file technique is replaced with a nickel titanium rotary file technique. In phase 1 of the study, every endodontic case performed by 2 groups was evaluated for total treatment time. In phase 2, the mesial roots of mandibular molars were evaluated for radiographic quality of completed obturation. The authors found that when the rotary file technique was substituted for the hand file technique, appointment time for case completion was significantly decreased (P<.001) and overall radiographic quality of mandibular molar mesial root obturation was significantly increased (P=.0009). These results support the hypothesis that novice clinicians can perform endodontic therapy more efficiently when using a nickel titanium rotary file technique. In addition, no differences were noted in the incidence of file fracture when using rotary instruments.

Chi-Square Distribution↗
PubMed2006

[Shaping ability of multi-taper nickel-titanium files in simulated resin curved root canal].

OBJECTIVE: To compare the shaping ability of ISO standard stainless steel K files and multi-taper ProTaper nickel-titanium files in simulated resin curved root canals. METHODS Thirty simulated resin root canals were randomly divided into three groups and prepared by stainless steel K files, hand ProTaper, rotary ProTaper, respectively. The amount of material removed from inner and outer wall and canal width after canal preparation was measured, while the canal curvature before and after canal preparation and canals aberrations were recorded. RESULTS: The stainless steel K files removed more material than hand ProTaper and rotary ProTaper at the outer side of apex and inner side of curvature (P < 0.05). The mean degree of straightening in stainless steel K files group was significantly bigger than in ProTaper group (P < 0.05). The canals prepared by ProTaper had no evident aberration. CONCLUSION: The shaping ability of ProTaper is better than stainless steel K files.

Dental Alloys↗
PubMed1992

Factors that prompted families to file medical malpractice claims following perinatal injuries.

OBJECTIVE: To identify self-reported reasons that prompt families to file malpractice claims following perinatal injuries. DESIGN: Families were interviewed by telephone using a questionnaire that contained structured and open-ended questions. PARTICIPANTS: Mothers of infants who had experienced permanent injuries or deaths and had closed malpractice claims in Florida between 1986 and August 1989 were interviewed. Questionnaires were completed by 127 (35%) of a total of 368 such families. OUTCOME MEASURES: Reasons prompting families to file and families' descriptions of medical events, advice from acquaintances, and the quality of physician-family communication. RESULTS: Families volunteered numerous reasons for filing: advised by knowledgeable acquaintances (33% of respondents), recognized cover-up (24%), needed money (24%), recognized that their child would have no future (23%), needed information (20%), and decided to seek revenge or protect others from harm (19%). Over one third of all families indicated that they were told by medical personnel prior to filing that the care provided had caused their children's injuries. Families expressed dissatisfaction with physician-patient communication. Families believed that physicians would not listen (13% of sample), would not talk openly (32%), attempted to mislead them (48%), or did not warn about long-term neurodevelopmental problems (70%). CONCLUSION: Families give many reasons for filing a claim. Obtaining money may not be the only goal for some families who file suit.

Family↗
PubMed1991

Utilization of MEDFILE--a preprinted medical literature filing system.

To facilitate the creation of a personal medical literature filing system, we developed MEDFILE, a noncomputerized, preprinted medical literature filing system. A graduating medical school class that had access to MEDFILE and a control group of incoming interns were studied to ascertain satisfaction, usage, utility, and implementation of MEDFILE in comparison with traditional literature filing systems. Data were obtained from 52 recent graduates of the site school and 25 graduates of other institutions. MEDFILE users had a significantly higher satisfaction level (7.3 +/- 1.5 vs 4.5 +/- 2.7, p less than .0001, two-tailed t-test), a more extensive filing system (p less than .02, chi square), and greater confidence that their filing system would remain useful during residency (p less than .0001, Fisher's exact test) than new graduates who had created their own filing systems. The data indicate that MEDFILE is an efficient, effective, and inexpensive method of organizing medical reprints. It may be particularly useful for physicians entering primary care disciplines that require information processing over a wide range of clinical topics.

Databases, Bibliographic↗
PubMed1979

Development of a multifunctional drug file for hospital pharmacy computer applications.

The development of a multifunctional master drug file (MDF) which satisfies initial pharmacy data base requirements and has the capability to support increasingly sophisticated computer applications is described. The computerized purchasing, inventory, drug use review and formulary systems in a 1,100-bed teaching hospital were evaluated to determine which existing data fields should be included in the MDF, Functional requirements for the MDF and 27 data fields, each with its own particular specifications for programming, were identified. A method of data input was designed to create and maintain the file using keypunched Hollerith cards. Data input forms were designed to serve as coding documents for drug file data. Verification of all data in the file can be performed by running a program which lists the contents of each drug recorded. Based on 1975 salary rates, the total cost of the MDF development was $4,010; total time required was 640 hours. Approximately one hour per week is needed to keep the file contents up to date. File design specifications and contents are discussed, with special emphasis on the functional aspects of the MDF. The MDF successfully fulfilled the initaial pharmacy computer system requirements and has the potential to accommodate increasingly sophisticated applications.

Computers↗
PubMed1981

Cost of developing a computerized drug file.

The personnel time and costs involved in manually developing a master drug file are described. This system was designed independently by the pharmacy personnel of a 550-bed medical center to support the computer programs for drug purchasing, inventory control, outpatient services, i.v. admixture services, and pharmacy management reports. The master drug file was created to contain data on every drug and nondrug line item used in the pharmaceutical services of the medical center. The process of manually developing the drug file and entering the data into the computer system required six weeks, 732 pharmacy staff hours, 120 hours of supervision by administrative pharmacy personnel, 50 hours of program planning and organization of computerized programs, and cost a total of $8451. The drug file contains 1138 drug formulary line items; 0.88 hours were consumed per line item, at a development cost of $7.43 per line item. Although a commercially available drug file could have provided 35,000 records at half the cost, it was concluded that the independent development of the master drug file was justified in terms of meeting this medical center's specific information needs.

Computers↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Improving productivity in the x-ray film file room.

A film filing system using color coding of the last two digits of assigned numbers was compared with a system designed around the current film file and readily available patient identifiers: name, sex, and date of examination. In the FASD system (filed alphabetically by sex and date), films are filed in time units by date of last activity and within these time units by sex and last name. The FASD system was shown to cut in half the routine work of film filing.

Efficiency↗
PubMed1995

A family practice article filing system.

An organized article filing system can be a timesaver for the busy clinician. A comprehensive, specialty-based filing system for the family physician is presented. The full system uses about 700 three-tab manila folders. Each major medical specialty heading is placed on an empty center-tab folder. Subfolders within each major heading are all right- or left-tab folders, alternating for each successive major heading. Topics that overlap specialty are cross-referenced. Additional major headings are included for presenting symptoms, procedures, practice management topics, society membership, licensure, etc. The resulting filing system is intuitive to use since articles are filed by the specialty to which the the topic is most closely related. Journal articles and associated patient education materials may be filed in the same folder for quick retrieval.

Computers↗
PubMed1997

Proposed new data file standard for flow cytometry, version FCS 3.0.

In 1984, the first flow cytometry data file format was proposed as Flow Cytometry Standard 1.0 (FCS1.0). FCS 1.0 provided a uniform file format allowing data acquired on one computer to be correctly read and interpreted on other computers running a variety of operating systems. That standard was modified in 1990 and adopted by the Society of Analytical Cytology as FCS 2.0. Here, we report on an update of the FCS 2.0 standard which we propose to designate FCS 3.0. We have retained the basic four segment structure of earlier versions (HEADER, TEXT, DATA and ANALYSIS) in order to maintain analysis software compatibility, where possible. The changes described in this proposal include a method to collect files larger than 100 megabytes (not possible in earlier versions of the standard), the inclusion of international characters in the TEXT portions of the file, a method of verifying data integrity using a 16-bit cyclic redundancy check, and increased keyword support for cluster analysis and time acquisition. This report summarizes the work of the ISAC Data File Standards Committee. The complete and detailed FCS 3.0 standard is available through the ISAC office [Sherwood Group, 60 Revere Drive, Ste 500, Northbrook, IL 60062, phone: (847) 480-9080 ext. 231, fax: (847) 480-9282, E-mail: isac@sherwood-group.com] or through the internet at the ISAC WWW site, http://nucleus.immunol.washington.edu/ISAC.ht ml.

Database Management Systems↗
PubMed2003

The relationship of unions to prevalence and claim filing for work-related upper-extremity musculoskeletal disorders.

BACKGROUND: Unionization has been found to be related to higher filing of workers' compensation (WC) claims, but the extent of the relationship and the relationships to other variables have not been previously reported. METHODS: Telephone interviews were conducted with both a population-based and WC-based samples of musculoskeletal disorder (MSD) cases. RESULTS: Workers at unionized facilities were 5.7 times (95% CI 2.5-13.1) more likely to file a claim for WC, despite a comparable rate of MSD cases. Higher filing was also associated with several measures of MSD severity (1.8-14.1 odds ratios), economic sector (OR = 10.1 for manufacturing), hourly (vs. salary) wages (OR = 2.6), and for having a personal physician (OR = 2.5). Unions appeared to have a protective effect on social effects of work-related MSD. CONCLUSIONS: Unions appear to improve filing of work-related MSD, particularly for less severe conditions. The higher filing does not appear to be a case of "moral hazard," but rather improved and earlier reporting, as is advocated by early intervention approaches to reducing MSD.

Case-Control Studies↗
PubMed1994

Interpretation of endodontic file lengths using RadioVisiography.

The purpose of this investigation was to compare RadioVisioGraphy (RVG) imaging with conventional radiography in determining endodontic file length adjustment. Human cadaver sections with first or second molars were used. Files were inserted into canals at randomly selected lengths, from 4 mm short of the radiographic apex to 3 mm beyond. Radiographs and RVG images were evaluated to determine the adjustment needed to place the file 0.5 mm from the radiographic apex. Results showed no significant difference in the ability of endodontists to make accurate file length adjustments using conventional radiography versus RVG. In this study, it was found that: (a) accurate file length adjustments can be made from an image two times larger than the actual tooth; (b) RVG is not significantly better than conventional radiography; and (c) if both methods are available, RVG is preferred because of the significant reduction in radiation dose.

Analysis of Variance↗