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PubMed2006

Capuchin monkeys, inequity aversion, and the frustration effect.

Each of 4 female capuchin monkeys ("model") was paired with another female capuchin ("witness") in an adjacent cage. In Phases 1 and 3, a model could remove a grape from the experimenter's hand while the witness watched. The witness was then offered a slice of cucumber, a less preferred food. Trials alternated between subjects 50 times, defining a session. In Phases 2 and 4, both were offered cucumber. Witness rejections of cucumber were infrequent and were not dependent on whether models received grape or cucumber. When models were offered cucumber, they rejected it at higher rates than did witnesses. These results fail to support findings of Brosnan and de Waal. An account based on the frustration effect accommodates these results and those of Brosnan and de Waal.

Animals↗
PubMed1978

Extroversion and reminiscence following a frustrating paired-associate task.

Two experiments were reported relating extroversion to reminiscence following a frustrating paired-associate (PA) task. In the first experiment a group of 30 male and female college students was randomly assigned to one of two tasks in which they learned a PA list of high or low stimulus similarity. All PA lists were mixed lists composed of half solvable and half unsolvable (randomized) stimulus-response items. Recall for solvable items was tested immediately, 15 min, and 30 min after criterion was reached. Results indicated a significant difference between high and low stimulus similarity with superior recall for low similarity. The predicted reminiscence effect for high stimulus similarity recall was present but not significant. Comparison of recall scores for extroverts and introverts indicated a significant difference in recall favoring the introverts. The second experiment made a similar test of recall for two groups of S s that had been established as extreme extroverts or introverts (N = 8 in each group). The superiority of recall for introverts was replicated, and a reminiscence effect was found for the extroverts. Results were discussed in relation to Eysenck's formulation and previous conflicting results.

Extraversion, Psychological↗
PubMed1979

Frustration-instigated behavior and learned helplessness.

This paper compares Seligman's recent work on learned helplessness with N. R. F. Maier's work on frustration-instigated behavior published some 30 years ago. Some striking similarities are noted between the two approaches, and it is concluded that some of the differences are more apparent than real and that the learned helplessness model could provide an explanation for the "abnormal fixations" reported by Maier.

Animals↗
PubMed2005

Neural correlates of frustration.

Psychological considerations suggest that the omission of rewards in humans comprises two effects: first, an allocentric effect triggering learning and behavioural changes potentially processed by dopaminergic neurons according to the prediction error theory; second, an egocentric effect representing the individual's emotional reaction, commonly called frustration. We investigated this second effect in the context of omission of monetary reward with functional magnetic resonance imaging. As expected, the contrast omission relative to receipt of reward led to a decrease in ventral striatal activation consistent with prediction error theory. Increased activation for this contrast was found in areas previously related to emotional pain: the right anterior insula and the right ventral prefrontal cortex. We interpreted this as a neural correlate of the egocentric effect.

Adult↗
PubMed1978

Diagnosis and treatment of academic frustration syndrome.

A random sample of medical students was compared with others who were unable to cope with unanticipated academic frustration. The noncoping students demonstrated higher levels of debilitating anxiety and lower levels of facilitating anxiety while their perceptions of locus of control tended to be more extreme. No difference was found in study habits and attitudes. Techniques of attribution therapy and desensitization in the counseling of these students proved to be effective in improving coping behavior in six of seven cases.

Adaptation, Psychological↗
PubMed1991

Male physical aggression as a function of alcohol intoxication and frustration: experimental results and methodological considerations.

Forty-five undergraduate students were assigned to either an Alcohol, a Placebo, or a Control group. The alcohol dose was 0.80 g of 100% alcohol/kg body weight. Subjects were informed that they could win a sum of money depending on the performance of a partner. They then supervised the partner over a series of trials on a visual scan test and could influence the partner by either giving an uncomfortable electric shock (aggressive alternative) or a comfortable vibration (nonaggressive alternative) at each incorrect response from the partner. Both alternatives were said to be equally instrumental in reaching the goal of winning the money and both could be varied in intensity on a 10-point scale and without limits in terms of duration. Aggression was measured as number of aggressive responses chosen, and in terms of intensity and duration. Nonaggression was measured in terms of intensity and duration. Intoxicated subjects did not increase their aggression but all groups chose significantly more nonaggressive responses and did so with higher intensity and duration. Frustration did not significantly affect these types of responding. Results are discussed in terms of methodological considerations and the importance of using realistic experimental paradigms is stressed. Also, theoretical implications are discussed.

Adult↗
PubMed1995

Dentists' attitudes toward frustrating patient visits: relationship to satisfaction and malpractice complaints.

A 22-item questionnaire measuring physician frustration in communicating with patients was adapted to dentists, and its reliability and validity assessed, in a sample of 289 English dental surgeons in general practice in Greater Manchester. Subscales were derived assessing the concepts of unpleasant dentist feelings, lack of communication, patient non-compliance, patient control, and practice organization with Cronbach's alpha ranging from 0.59 to 0.77. Three of five subscale scores (unpleasant feelings, lack of communication, and practice organization) were significantly greater for dentists who had official malpractice complaints to insurers. Similarly, all five subscores were greater for dentists who reported larger numbers of unsatisfactory visits and expressed greater dissatisfaction with dental practice.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Early reactions to frustration: developmental trends in anger, individual response styles, and caregiving risk implications in infancy.

PROBLEM: In an effort to examine early negative emotional response patterns, infant responses to frustration were studied with specific regard to anger. METHODS: Forty infants, 7-9 months (n = 20) and 12-14 months (n = 20) old, were observed in laboratory play situations. Infant affective response as well as maternal behavior were observed. Maternal interviews assessed maternal impressions of infant behavior and affect. FINDINGS: Findings revealed increased displays of anger in older infants, evidence of cognitive-affective linkages in response, and individual differences in emotional response style and maternal-infant processes. CONCLUSIONS: Findings relate to the emergence and interplay of negative emotional response, maternal-infant patterns, and socioemotional risk.

Adult↗
PubMed1980

Frustration as a factor in the height of low achievers' self-portraits.

It was hypothesized that the large variance in low achievers' self-portraits may be related to frustration and symbolic acting out. 29 low achievers in Reading and Mathematics were given the Describe Your School inventory. Subjects below the median drew pictures which were taller than pictures drawn by subjects above the median score. It was concluded that frustation must be considered when using height of drawing to analyze low achievers' self-portraits.

Acting Out↗
PubMed1999

Personality and performance on a frustrating cognitive task.

Eysenck's biological model of personality suggests that extravertive persons will not persevere when solving boring, frustrating problems. This hypothesis was tested using a difficult jigsaw task. Quitting behaviour was strongly associated with scores on Extraversion.

Cognition↗
PubMed2005

Curbing the psoriasis cascade. Therapies to minimize flares and frustration.

Psoriasis, a T-cell-mediated disorder, affects 1% to 3% of the world's population. The characteristic lesions occur in many different forms, can cause significant discomfort and social distress, and in some instances, lead to dehydration and metabolic derangement. A chronic, unpredictable course and the necessity of periodically switching drugs or classes of drugs make psoriasis frustrating to treat. However, topical and systemic drug therapies and phototherapy can help minimize the exacerbations and prolong remissions. In this article, Dr Shenenberger outlines treatment approaches and discusses research into the use of immunomodulatory agents.

Anti-Inflammatory Agents↗
PubMed2003

[The effects of hypnosis on emotional responses of depressed students in frustrating situations].

The present study examined the effects of hypnosis on aggression and depression in depressed undergraduate students. Six frustrating situations were presented to 13 mildly depressed subjects as well as to 13 non-depressed subjects. All subjects were studied both in light trance and in the waking state. Their emotions were measured by numeric rating scales and open-ended questions. On scores using with numeric rating scales, depressed subjects were less depressive under trance as compared to the waking state. Responses to open-ended questions, which were scored by four raters, indicated that depressed subjects were less aggressive during trance than during the waking state, while non-depressed subjects were more aggressive under trance. Furthermore, the depression score was lower during trance than during the waking state. These findings suggested that depressed subjects were not repressive, while non-depressed subjects were repressive and exhibited controlled anger in the waking state.

Adult↗
PubMed2003

Autointoxication--from caregiver frustration toward research challenge.

Autointoxications are among the most common medical emergencies. Patterns of toxicosyndromes show regional variation, and they change over time. Intoxications are usually multiple. Although autointoxication is often self-limiting and a fatal outcome is unusual, suicide attempts may kill. Toxicity screening, emergency room first aid, decision rules for admission to the Ward or the ICU, or prolonged observation in the Emergency Department, and measures to prevent gastrointestinal substance resorption are based on expert opinion rather than scientific evidence. Toxicity screening needs regular adjustment and should be individually tailored, based on local patterns as well as on clinical syndromes. A team approach and efforts to study safe management strategies should turn caregiver frustration into a more enthusiastic and inquisitive attitude towards the challenges to meet the medical needs of these patients.

Caregivers↗
PubMed1990

Obsessive compulsive patients: familial frustration and criticism.

Familial factors such as attitudes toward illness, knowledge of disease process, and criticism of patients often play an important role in patient compliance and outcome in general medical practice as well as in psychiatric settings. As part of the initial assessment in a psychoeducational group for obsessive compulsive disorder patients and their significant others, nonpatients completed the Relative's Reactions Questionnaire and the Control of Symptoms Schedule. The patients completed the Perceived Criticism Measure. Results suggest that significant others experience frustration with the symptomatic behavior of their friend or family member with obsessive compulsive disorder and may respond too frequently with verbal criticism. The patients themselves reported a moderately high level of criticism from significant others at home. Further research is needed on a larger sample size and with nonpsychiatric and nonobsessive compulsive disorder psychiatric controls.

Adult↗
PubMed1988

Educational therapy for the failing and frustrated student offender.

Methods of treatment are described for meeting the needs of the failing and frustrated student offender. Attention is given to both the public school and juvenile justice setting for the following areas of treatment: classroom management systems, curriculum and instructional adjustment, counseling and support services, and alternative educational programming.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Study of two psychosomatic disorders of the gastrointestinal system (ulcer, colitis) using the Frustration Test].

By means of the frustration test (PFT) authors studied two psychosomatic diseases (ulcer and colitis) of the gastrointestinal tract. According to pertinent literature and pertinent literature and personal experiences the test will be helpful in revealing elaboration modalities of stress which are of decisive importance in the pathogenesis of the diseases. The study has been carried out on altogether 281 persons divided into following groups: psychosomatic patients in the "organic" and the "functional" stage, neurotics, and sine morbo controls, respectively. Statistical analysis and the paired t-test was used for the evaluation of results. It has been established that the particular psychosomatic type of reaction, the PFT-profile corresponding the "acting in", having been assessed by authors did exist. Nevertheless it permits no differentiation between patients in the "organic" and "functional" stage, as well as the neurotics with psychosomatic complaints, respectively. Some specific signs have been found however being characteristic for psychosomatic patients in the "organic" stage. According to authors disturbances of personality development lead in both, the neurotic and, they psychosomatic patients to disorders of adaptation, the ego integration, and inadequacy of mechanisms of stress elaboration. PFT is suitable to clear severity of the psychic anomaly.

Adaptation, Psychological↗
PubMed1981

Factors regulating drug cue sensitivity: the effect of frustrative non-reward in fentanyl-saline discrimination.

In this study, rats were trained to discriminate 0.04 mg/kg of fentanyl from saline in two-lever food-reinforced procedure. The study examined the effects of a manipulation of reinforcement (i.e. frustrative non-reward; FNR) on several characteristics of fentanyl-saline discrimination. It was found that asymmetrical FNR in either saline or drug sessions retarded the acquisition of the discrimination and codetermined response bias; symmetrical FNR in both types of sessions had no effect. Asymmetrical FNR in saline sessions steepened the slope of the generalization of fentanyl, but also of morphine and sufentanil; asymmetrical FNR in drug sessions flattened the gradient's slope. Symmetrical FNR had effects on slope which were similar to those of asymmetrical FNR in saline sessions. Both symmetrical and asymmetrical FNR also appeared to affect the ED50-value of different agonists, and the ED50-value of naloxone in antagonizing 0.04 mg/kg of fentanyl. It thus appears that reinforcement plays a major role in the acquisition of fentanyl-saline discrimination and in the quantitative characteristics of the stimulus generalization gradient of fentanyl and other agonists. It is also suggested that the training drug itself may interact with the effects of FNR on its own gradient.

Animals↗