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Results for “FACIAL NERVE”

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At least 199 records · Page 11Linked to original sources
PubMed2002

Silver nitrate injury in the rat sciatic nerve: a model of facial nerve injury.

BACKGROUND: An unpublished communication of a permanent facial paralysis secondary to silver nitrate application in a postoperative mastoid cavity with a dehiscent facial nerve raises concern regarding its neurotoxicity. This study was performed to examine functional neural injury and the morphology of nerve injury due to silver nitrate contact with a peripheral motor nerve. METHODS: Sprague-Dawley male rats were assigned to a sham surgery group or to a group where silver nitrate was applied directly to a surgically exposed sciatic nerve for 1, 5, or 10 seconds. Individual walking track data were collected on postoperative days (POD) 1, 4, 7, and 14, and the Sciatic Functional Index (SFI) was calculated to assess neural function. On POD 14, the cauterized nerve was harvested, and the histologic axon loss of each specimen was graded. RESULTS: In all experimental groups, the most severe functional loss was noted on POD 1. At POD 14 the greatest neural recovery was observed in the 1-second group, whereas the 5- and 10-second cautery groups demonstrated a significantly worse deficit. A moderate or greater degree of axon loss was observed in 50% of animals injured for 1 second and nearly all animals injured for 5 or 10 seconds. CONCLUSION: Functional and neuropathologic data demonstrate that silver nitrate causes significant injury to the rat sciatic nerve. A 5-second cautery causes greater functional impairment and more severe axonal loss than a 1-second injury.

Animals↗
PubMed2003

[Reconstructive surgery of facial nerve injuries].

The facial nerve is main motor nerve of the face and its injury leads to total ipsilateral paralysis. There are several surgical procedures in reconstruction of the facial nerve, and the most frequent one is hypoglosso-facial anastomosis. In this study were analysed a series of 69 patients operated on Institute of neurosurgery from 1981 to 2000 year. The most frequent cause of injury was the operation of cerebellopontine angle tumors, as well as the skull base fractures. Hypoglosso-facial anastomosis was done in 57 patients, in 5 cases we performed nerve grafting in the cerebellopontine angle, and in 7 patients the facial nerve was operated peripherally. Results were analyzed in 27 of 57 patients with hipoglosso-facial nerve anastomosis. Functional recovery was achived in 22 (81.4%) patients.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1985

Glenoid fossa fracture and facial nerve palsy.

Facial nerve palsy associated with traumatic injury in the temporomandibular joint area is a rather infrequent condition. Fracture of the glenoid fossa is a very rare condition, especially when it is not combined with displacement of the condyle in the middle cranial fossa. We are reporting the combination of these 2 conditions in a victim of a road traffic accident.

Adult↗
PubMed1996

Treatment of facial synkinesis and facial asymmetry with botulinum toxin type A following facial nerve palsy.

Facial synkinesis and asymmetry commonly impair the outcome of facial nerve palsy. Botulinum toxin type A is a neurotoxin which prevents acetylcholine release at the neuromuscular endplate, paralysing skeletal muscle. This paper examines its use in 24 patients with synkinesis and asymmetry affecting the eye and mouth. Sixty-eight of 72 treatments produced improved cosmesis. Dose-related complications occurred in 26 treatments but were generally mild and transient. The total dosages of toxin used were analysed. The higher dose group compared with the lower dose group had no significant advantage in overall cosmetic improvement but the complication rate was significantly higher in the higher dose group (20/39) compared with the lower dose group (6/33) (chi 2 6.675, P > 0.05).

Botulinum Toxins↗
PubMed2004

PACAP facilitate the nerve regeneration factors in the facial nerve injury.

Pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating polypeptide (PACAP) has been reported as a strong neurotrophic factor in the various sites of nervous system. The facial nerve injury is one of the common problems in patients at the Otolaryngology since the nerve damage could occur easily due to the anatomical characteristics. Once it happens, the regeneration is little observed and functional recovery is poor. Thus, we investigated that PACAP might have some influence for regeneration after the facial nerve transaction in the guinea pig. PACAP treatment accelerated time for the appearance of compound muscle action potentials (CMAP) after the nerve transaction (first appeared at 1 versus 2 weeks in control) and shortened the latency at 4 weeks. The number of myelinated fibers increased at 4 weeks. Histochemical demonstration of GAP-43, a growth cone protein, was observed at the injury area at 2-4 days. PACAP increased the level of glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF), a neurotrophin, in facial target muscles at 1 day-4 weeks. These data indicated that PACAP promotes the regeneration factors and increases the possibility of functional recovery following the facial nerve injury.

Action Potentials↗
PubMed1998

[Botulinum toxin injection effective for post-peripheral facial nerve palsy synkinesis].

Facial synkinesis is an involuntary activation of muscles innervated by the zygomatic or mandibular branch of the facial nerve in conjunction with voluntary activation of the other branch. It appears frequently after recovery from peripheral facial nerve paralysis. We report 10 patients with facial synkinesis following Bell's palsy with a mean duration of synkinesis of 7 +/- 4 years before treatment with periorbital injections of Botulinum toxin type A. 9 had marked subjective and objective improvement starting a few days after injection and lasting 4-9 months. The results suggest a useful treatment option for post-Bell's palsy facial synkinesis with Botulinum toxin type A.

Botulinum Toxins↗
PubMed1998

[Intra-parotid neurofibroma of the facial nerve].

BACKGROUND: Solitary intraparotid facial neurofibromas are extremely rare. These tumours arise from Schwann cells, in most cases as a manifestation of neurofibromatosis. In an intraparotid localisation, they can mimic other parotideal tumours. Due to their slow growth, they may be clinically inapparent for a long time. CASE REPORT: We present the case of a patient with a right intraparotid neurofibroma originating from the facial nerve. He noted a slight facial weakness for the last three years and dullness over the preauricular area. On operation, all facial nerve branches were incorporated in the tumour mass. A total resection via monitoring technique of facial nerve function was performed. Postoperatively, the patient suffered from an incomplete facial palsy. CONCLUSION: This case highlights particularly the importance of a concise diagnostic work-up of every facial palsy. Precise histological diagnosis is particularly essential because of the different biological behaviour of neurofibromas in contrast to neurinomas. With preoperative facial palsy the chance of facial nerve preservation decreases. Clinical and operative experience with parotid gland neurofibromas shows that recovery of facial nerve defects is mostly incomplete.

Cranial Nerve Neoplasms↗
PubMed1991

[Measurement and clinical using of motor conduction latency time and motor conduction latency rate of facial nerve in health subjects and facial paralysis patients].

The motor conduction latency time (MCLT) and rate (MCLR) of facial nerve in 70 cases of health subjects and 60 cases of facial paralysis patients were measured using evoke EMG. The results showed that MCLT is below 4 ms and MCLR is above 25 m/sec in 70 cases of health subjects, while the MCLT is above 4 ms and MCLR is below 25 m/sec in 60 cases of facial paralysis patients. We have observed the difference of MCLR and MCLR on different age groups in health subjects. The results showed that MCLT is prolonged gradually and MCLR is gradual reduced after 50 years old groups. But the MCLT does not exceed 4 ms and MCLR is not slower than 25 m/sec. The results of this studies suggested that if MCLT is above 4 ms, and MCLR is below 25 m/sec, it is a index of facial nerve paralysis.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2000

Value of imaging in disorders of the facial nerve.

Imaging of the facial nerve has proved its usefulness to physicians in the evaluation of pathological conditions of this nerve. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the facial nerve should always be obtained selectively and should include the parotid gland in case of peripheral facial nerve palsy. Gadolinium-DTPA contrast pulse sequence is the most informative MRI study for evaluation of facial nerve pathology. This article reviews the imaging anatomy of the facial nerve and describes the clinical features and MR characteristics of common disorders of the facial nerve.

Contrast Media↗
PubMed2006

Landmarks of the facial nerve: implications for parotidectomy.

Facial nerve paralysis is a daunting potential complication of parotid surgery and is widely reported. Knowledge of the key landmarks of the facial nerve trunk is essential for safe and effective surgical intervention in the region of the parotid gland. In current practice, wide ranges of landmarks are used to identify the facial nerve trunk, however, there is much debate in the literature about the safety and reliability of each of these landmarks. The aim of this study, therefore, was to evaluate the relation of the surrounding anatomical structures and surgical landmarks to the facial nerve trunk. The anatomical relationship of the facial nerve trunk to the surrounding structures was determined after micro-dissection on 40 adult cadavers. The shortest distances between the facial nerve and the "tragal pointer", attachment of the posterior belly of digastric muscle, tympanomastoid suture, external auditory canal, transverse process of the axis, angle of the mandible and the styloid process were measured. In addition, these distances were compared in the right and left sides, males and females and edentulous and non-edentulous mandibles. The distance of the facial nerve trunk from each of the surrounding landmarks ranged from (mm): tragal pointer, 24.3 to 49.2 (mean 34); posterior belly of digastric, 9.7 to 24.3 (mean 14.6); external auditory canal, 7.3 to 21.9 (mean 13.4); tympanomastoid suture, 4.9 to 18.6 (mean 10.0); styloid process, 4.3 to 18.6 (mean 9.8); transverse process of the axis, 9.7 to 36.8 (mean 16.9); angle of the mandible, 25.3 to 48.69 (mean 38.1). The length of the facial nerve trunk from its point of exit from the stylomastoid foramen to its bifurcation into upper and lower divisions ranged from (mm) 8.6 to 22.8 (mean 14.0). The results demonstrated that the posterior belly of digastric, tragal pointer and transverse process of the axis are consistent landmarks to the facial nerve trunk. However, it should be noted that the tragal pointer is cartilaginous, mobile, asymmetrical and has a blunt, irregular tip. This study advocates the use of the transverse process of the axis as it is easily palpated, does not require a complex dissection and ensures minimum risk of injury to the facial nerve trunk.

Aged↗
PubMed2000

Study on facial motoneuronal death after proximal or distal facial nerve transection.

BACKGROUND: Among the cranial nerves, the facial nerve is most liable to be damaged. Pathologic changes in the facial motor nucleus (FMN) after nerve injury are not well recognized, and the optimal time for facial nerve reconstruction after axotomy is controversial. In this study, to clarify the pathologic change in the FMN after axotomy and to determine the best time for surgery, facial motoneuronal death was investigated after facial nerve injury. METHODS: Sixty Wistar rats were divided into proximal and distal groups. In the proximal group, the right facial nerve was transected at the porus of internal acoustic meatus. In the distal group, the nerve was cut at the stylomastoid foramen. The animals were sacrificed from day 3 to day 60 after surgery, and the brainstem was fixed with 4% paraformaldehyde. The FMN were then examined in serial sections stained with Cresyl Violet, and facial motoneurons were counted under a light microscope. RESULTS: The death rate of facial motoneurons in the animals that underwent proximal axotomy was found to be higher and cell death occurred earlier than in the distal axotomy animals at every time point. Moreover, neuron death increased with time and peaked at 15 days after surgery. CONCLUSIONS: The results indicate that the injury site was correlated with facial motoneuronal death, and suggest that reconstructive surgery should be performed as early as possible.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Intraparotid facial nerve schwannoma.

Intraparotid facial nerve schwannoma are uncommon. Preoperative diagnosis of parotid tumour as schwannoma is difficult when facial nerve function is normal. A rare case of solitary schwannoma involving the upper branch of the facial nerve is described and the literature on the subject is reviewed.

Adult↗