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Results for “Elbow Injuries”

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At least 199 records · Page 11Linked to original sources
PubMed2003

Transfer of one fascicle of ulnar nerve to functioning free gracilis muscle transplantation for elbow flexion.

BACKGROUND: In brachial plexus injury, elbow flexion is the first priority in reconstruction. Neglected cases need functioning free muscle transplantation that requires the donor nerve to supply the transplanted muscle. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects and results of transferring one fascicle of the ulnar nerve to the transplanted gracilis muscle. METHODS: One woman and two men with neglected avulsions of the C5,C6 roots of the brachial plexus underwent free gracilis muscle transfer for elbow flexion. One fascicle of the ulnar nerve was used as the donor nerve. RESULTS: The mean period of follow-up was 33.3 months. The average reinnervation time of gracilis muscle was 3.7 months. At the final examination, the mean strength of elbow flexion was 4.3 kgf. The grip strength, moving two-point discrimination and the strength of the wrist volar flexion on the affected side was not worse than before surgery in any patient at the last follow-up examination. CONCLUSIONS: A fascicle of the ulnar nerve can be one of the most effective options for functioning free muscle transplantation for elbow flexion.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Imaging of the elbow in the overhead throwing athlete.

Elbow injuries in athletes who perform overhead throwing motions often present diagnostic challenges because of the undue stresses and often chronic, repetitive patterns of injury. Accurate and efficient assessment of the injured elbow is essential to maximize functional recovery and expedite return to play. Radiographic evaluation should be tailored to the specific injury suspected and requires a thorough understanding of normal anatomic relationships as well as familiarity with common injuries affecting these athletes.

Athletic Injuries↗
PubMed1998

Elbow, forearm and wrist injuries in the athlete.

Competitive and recreational athletes sustain a wide variety of soft tissue, bone, ligament, tendon and nerve damage to their upper extremities. Most such injuries are related to direct trauma or repetitive stress, and account for a significant amount of 'down time' for athletes participating in a wide range of sports, particularly those in which the arm is utilised for throwing, catching or swinging. Overuse injuries to the elbow include musculotendinous injuries, ulnar nerve injuries and ligamentous injuries. Osteochondrol lesions of the capitellum and posterior impingement injuries in the joint are frequently seen in athletes as well. Acute traumatic injuries to the elbow include tendon ruptures, elbow dislocations and intra-articular fractures. Forearm overuse injuries in athletes include fracture of the carpal scaphold, fracture of the hook of the hamate, Kienbock's syndrome and pisoquetral syndromes. ligamentous injuries include scapholunate, lunotriquetral and midcarpal instability injuries. Injuries to the distal radio-ulnar joint and triangular fibrocartilage are also quite common in athletes, and require careful evaluation and treatment.

Athletic Injuries↗
PubMed1988

Side-swipe injury to the elbow.

A case with a "side-swipe" injury in the left elbow while projected out an automobile window, resulting in avulsion of the distal one third of the humerus and proximal two thirds of the olecranon, is reported. The bony defect was reconstructed by an endoprosthesis to preserve elbow function.

Accidents, Traffic↗
PubMed2006

Nerve injuries about the elbow.

Multiple neurovascular structures may be at risk during injuries or procedures about the elbow joint. An appreciation of the complex anatomy of the region, the appropriate evaluation procedures and processes to diagnose injury, and an understanding of treatment options are necessary for surgeons who treat elbow injuries. This article reviews the anatomy, diagnosis, and treatment options of injuries to neural structures about the elbow.

Arm Injuries↗
PubMed2006

[Arrow injury to the elbow causing arthritis].

We describe a severe injury caused by children's games. During a children's game, a 13 years-old girl was injured by an arrow with a metallic head and suffered injury to the elbow joint necessitating surgical drainage of an inflammatory reaction. This article enhances other descriptions in the literature of body injuries caused by dangerous games, and aims to draw attention to this phenomenon.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2004

[Elbow problems associated with sports injuries in children].

Elbow problems associated with sports injuries may result from overuse, micro- or macrotraumas. Overuse injuries are frequent and are often closely related to mechanical characteristics of sports. Sports-related elbow injuries mainly occur in sports involving throwing such as baseball and javelin throwing, which require forced valgus and extension of the elbow, predisposing it to overuse injuries. Overuse injuries in child athletes are generally defined as Little League elbow, the most common of which are medial epicondyle apophysitis, osteochondritis dissecans of the capitellum, radial head deformation, flexion contractures, and injuries to the olecranon. Most of these injuries can be healed without or with minimal sequelae by early diagnosis and proper treatment. Therefore, mechanisms of, and risk factors for, elbow problems encountered in pediatric athletes should be well-understood in order to avoid the risks for a permanent deformity in the child's anatomy.

Athletic Injuries↗
PubMed1996

The frequency of golf injuries.

Although golf has not been recognized as a sport associated with injuries, epidemiologic studies document that back and elbow injuries are most common in male amateur golfers. Lower back and wrist injuries occur in the male golf professional while female professional golfers are more likely to suffer injuries to the wrist and lower back, respectively. The elbow, followed by the lower back, is the most likely area of injury associated with female amateur golfers. These injuries are related to overuse, poor conditioning, and improper swing mechanics. It is the hope of this author that more studies regarding the mechanics, prevention, and treatment of these injuries will be stimulated by this journal and others.

Golf↗
PubMed2005

The posttraumatic stiff elbow.

The development of joint contracture is a well-recognized complication of elbow injury. Precise causes of the propensity of this joint for ankylosis are understood poorly. Yet, treatment is emerging and therefore the indications and willingness on the part of the surgeon to address this problem is improving. Limited open procedures have emerged during the past several years that are safe and effective by improving arcs of motion of 50-70 degrees in approximately 80-90% of patients. For severe injuries that involve the articular surface, interposition arthroplasty is less documented but has been shown to be effective but constitutes one of the most challenging technical procedures. Joint replacement arthroplasty generally should not be considered as a treatment for posttraumatic stiffness unless the patient is older than 65 years. The experience with this procedure indicates that with linked semiconstrained implants, approximately 80% of patients will achieve a near functional arc of motion. Arthroscopic intervention shows the greatest activity of investigation and clinical expansion. The learning curve is defined by a concern of complications to the neural structures and the fear of this complication has limited the application but the emerging documentation of the safeness of this option also has been associated with improved effectiveness. Therefore, arthroscopic intervention for the stiff elbow, particularly those with soft tissue extrinsic involvement, is emerging as the treatment of choice in many instances. The investigation regarding the medical treatment of altering the tendency of the soft tissue to go through such intense contracture is in its infancy but suggests that this could be a long-term solution at least for many patients.

Ankylosis↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Valgus torque in youth baseball pitchers: A biomechanical study.

The purpose of this study was to determine the biomechanical and anthropometric factors contributing to elbow valgus torque during pitching. Video data of 14 youth pitchers throwing fastballs were used to calculate shoulder and elbow kinematics and kinetics. Peak elbow valgus torque averaged 18 Nm and occurred just before maximal shoulder external rotation. The magnitude of valgus torque was most closely correlated with the thrower's weight. When subject weight and height were controlled for, maximum shoulder abduction torque and maximum shoulder internal rotation torque were most strongly associated with elbow valgus torque, accounting for 85% of its variance (P <.001). When only kinematic variables were considered, maximum shoulder external rotation accounted for 33% of the variance in valgus torque. Given that the biomechanical variables correlated with peak valgus torque are not easily modifiable, limiting the number of innings pitched is likely the best way to reduce elbow injury in youth pitchers.

Anthropometry↗
PubMed1989

Cuts and scrapes of knees and elbows.

Knee and elbow injuries are seen frequently by the primary care physician and require prompt and careful treatment in order to prevent infection, preserve joint function, and avoid scarring. A thorough history and physical examination help to rule out more significant damage to the related joint, nerves, or tendons. Immobilization of the joint may be necessary to prevent dehiscence, and the patient should be instructed to return for further examination if signs of infection develop.

Debridement↗
PubMed2006

Comminuted radial head fractures treated with a modular metallic radial head arthroplasty. Study of outcomes.

BACKGROUND: Comminuted fractures of the radial head are challenging to treat with open reduction and internal fixation. Radial head arthroplasty is an alternative treatment with results that compare favorably with those reported after open reduction and internal fixation of similar fractures. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the two-year outcomes and the rate of recovery of a closely followed cohort of patients in whom an unreconstructible radial head fracture had been treated with a modular metallic prosthesis. METHODS: Twenty-six patients (seventeen female and nine male; mean age, fifty-four years) with an unreconstructible comminuted radial head fracture and associated elbow injuries were treated with a modular metallic radial head arthroplasty. Patients who had presented more than four weeks following the injury or had had the radial head arthroplasty as a second-stage or salvage procedure were excluded. Of the twenty-six patients, twenty-two had an associated elbow dislocation, and thirteen of them also had an associated fracture of the coronoid process. Patients were prospectively followed at three, six, twelve, and twenty-four months. Self-reported limb function, general health, range of motion, and isometric strength were assessed by an independent observer. RESULTS: Following treatment of the injury, significant decreases in self-reported and measured impairments were noted over time, with the majority of the recovery occurring by six months and little further recovery noted between six and twenty-four months. There were slight-to-moderate deficits in the range of motion and strength compared with the values on the contralateral, unaffected side. Patient satisfaction was high at three months and remained high at two years. All elbow joints remained stable, no implant required revision, and there was no evidence of overstuffing of the joint. Mild osteoarthritis was seen in five (19%) of the twenty-six patients. CONCLUSIONS: An arthroplasty with a modular metallic radial head is a safe and effective option for the treatment of unreconstructible radial head fractures associated with other elbow injuries. Recovery primarily occurs by six months, with minimal additional improvements over the next eighteen months.

Adult↗