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Results for “EXPERT TESTIMONY”

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At least 199 records · Page 11Linked to original sources
PubMed2003

Juror decision-making in a mock sexually violent predator trial: gender differences in the impact of divergent types of expert testimony.

Despite widespread use of mental health testimony in cases where violence risk is at issue, relatively little is known about the impact of such information on juror decision-making. This study addressed the effects of testimony based on three types of risk assessment instrument or method (clinical opinion, actuarial assessment, and ratings of psychopathy) to examine whether they would have differential impact on jurors' perceptions of the defendant. In a mock sexually violent predator civil commitment trial, 172 undergraduates were presented a case summary that included prosecution and defense expert testimony related to violence risk based on one of the three methods noted above. Consistent with earlier research, the hypothesis that a defendant described as a "high risk psychopath" by the prosecution would be judged more severely than a defendant judged as "high risk" based on other evaluation procedures was supported, but only among female jurors. Unlike prior studies, little support was found for the hypothesis that clinical opinion testimony would be more influential than actuarially based testimony for either gender. Mechanisms that may underlie the observed gender differences are discussed, as are the potential implications of these findings for civil commitment proceedings.

Adult↗
PubMed2003

Expert testimony in sexually violent predator commitments: conceptualizing legal standards of "mental disorder" and "likely to reoffend".

The most recent type of civil commitment for dangerous sex offenders is found under the sexually violent predator laws. Forensic psychiatrists or psychologists must render an opinion as to whether the sex offender has a diagnosed mental disorder and, as such, represents a risk to public safety if released from custody into the community. Thus, expert testimony provided by these professionals has taken a central role in the commitment determinations. There is considerable debate as to what disorders predispose individuals to sexual recidivism and what the term "likely" signifies. In this article, the authors explore the debate in terms of whether Antisocial Personality Disorder is a qualifying diagnosed mental disorder for classification as a sexually violent predator and how a likely threshold of risk of sexual recidivism can be conceptualized.

Antisocial Personality Disorder↗
PubMed1985

[Expert testimony on rotator cuff rupture].

In giving an expert opinion, it is difficult to differentiate between the two possible causes of damage of the rotator cup, degeneration and trauma. After description of the anatomical problems, different causes for degenerative changes, especially of the supraspinatus tendon, are discussed. Various possibilities of accidents are analysed if they can cause damage of the rotator cup. The special conditions of the private accident insurance are discussed.

Accidents↗