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PubMedDate not supplied

Endoscopic diagnosis of sarcoidosis in a patient presenting with bilateral exophthalmos and pansinusitis.

Sarcoidosis is a chronic granulomatous disease of unknown etiology. Otolaryngologic and ophthalmologic manifestations occur in 15 to 55% of afflicted individuals, respectively. Neck masses, parotid enlargement, and facial nerve palsy are the most common presenting otolaryngologic complaints, while lacrimal gland enlargement, uveitis, and upper eyelid masses often call the attention of the ophthalmologist. Biopsy reveals non-caseating granulomas, while the angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) level may be elevated. We report an unusual case of a patient who presented with severe bilateral exophthalmos as the sole initial complaint. A prior workup included a negative conjunctival biopsy. On magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and computed tomography (CT), the patient had pansinusitis. Endoscopic ethmoidectomies with tissue analysis revealed sarcoidosis. Further evaluation revealed no evidence of systemic disease, and all symptoms resolved with a course of oral steroids. Thus, nasal endoscopy and biopsy of affected paranasal sinus mucosa may prove a useful adjunct to the diagnosis of sarcoidosis, particularly in atypical cases.

Adult↗
PubMed1982

Radical orbital decompression for severe dysthyroid exophthalmos.

A surgical technique is described for radical decompression of the orbit for dysthyroid exophthalmopathy. The operation should be considered in a patient with proptosis greater than 30 mm bilaterally or one with unilateral proptosis of 10 mm or more greater than the opposite eye. Such exophthalmos is frequently associated wih corneal exposure and ulceration, extreme cosmetic disfigurement, and optic neuropathy. The surgical procedure is performed through a 35-mm lateral skin incision and a lateral canthotomy with subconjunctival dissection. All four walls of the orbit are partially removed. This panorbital decompression procedure has been performed on five patients, with reduction of preoperative proptosis by as much as 17 mm. Complications were minimal. A review of the effectiveness of other orbital decompressive procedures is presented. It appears that the four-wall decompressive procedure offers the maximum degree of orbital reduction.

Adult↗
PubMed1982

Intermittent exophthalmos studied with computerized tomography. Report of two cases.

Two cases of intermittent exophthalmos are reported. In both instances, cerebral angiography and orbital venography failed to outline the lesion, which was clearly demonstrated with the aid of computerized tomography. An orbital varix was seen to be the cause of proptosis in one surgically verified case, whereas in the other this same diagnosis was suspected on the basis of the clinicoradiological findings. The etiology, clinical manifestations, and management of orbital varix are briefly discussed.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Exophthalmos associated with frontal sinus osteomyelitis in a puppy.

A three-month-old, male Great Dane puppy developed progressive left exophthalmos, epiphora, and swelling of the left frontal bone. Radiographs revealed obliteration of the left frontal sinus by a bone-like density, and lateral sinus wall thickening with extension into the left orbit. On surgical exploration and trephination, the left frontal sinus was filled with soft bone which contained multiple pockets of mucopurulent material. Cytologic examination confirmed the presence of a large number of neutrophils, osteoclasts, and osteoblasts; and both extracellular and intracellular, filamentous, beaded bacteria. The involved bone was debrided, and the defects in the orbital wall and sinus were reconstructed successfully with a temporalis muscle flap.

Animals↗
PubMed2000

[Temporo-spheno-orbital meningioma. An unusual cause of exophthalmos. Report of one case].

We report the case of a 48-year-old woman with no prior medical history who developed headache and unilateral exophthalmos for 6 months. Clinical and radiographic findings detailed the intracranial extension of a temporo-spheno-orbital meningioma. Histological diagnosis was established after curative neurosurgery. This case recalls the characteristic features of temporo-spheno-orbital meningiomas.

Exophthalmos↗
PubMed2000

[Unilateral exophthalmos revealing agenesia of the greater wing of the sphenoid].

We present the case of a 3-year-old child who had painless pulsatory left exophthalmos which revealed sphenoidal agenesis. The radiological investigations including CT scan, MRI, and scintigraphy confirmed the diagnosis and excluded other bone abnormalities. Therepeutic behavior in this case was limited to simple inspection.

Age Factors↗
PubMed2001

[Bilateral exophthalmos secondary to right carotid-cavernous sinus fistula].

CASE REPORT: Male with cranioencephalic trauma who rapidly developed a marked bilateral exophthalmos. A CT was requested, the CT findings suggest a right-side carotid-cavernous sinus fistula (CCSF), which was confirmed by means of a cerebral arteriography. Following treatment with intravascular balloon pump the patient's condition improved quite spectacularly. DISCUSSION: CCSFs are anomalous communications between the cavernous sinus and the carotid artery which may be of a spontaneous nature, a result of trauma or iatrogenia and which have hemodynamic repercussions throughout the drainage area of the cavernous sinus. Sonography, CT or MR are useful whilst a cerebral angiography is required for diagnosis. CCSFs resulting from trauma normally require endovascular therapy with selective embolization techniques.

Arteriovenous Fistula↗
PubMed1975

Exophthalmos secondary to zygomatic adenocarcinoma in a dog.

An 8-year-old Labrador Retriever developed unilateral exophthalmos over a 1-year period. Contrast radiography, surgical exploration, and histologic examination revealed the cause to be an adenocarcinoma arising from the zygomatic salivary gland or duct.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1975

Unilateral exophthalmos investigated by infrared thermography.

A group of 40 cases of unilateral exophthalmos have been investigated using infrared thermography. Two groups of cases can be distinguished according to the intensity of thermal anomalies: (a) no hyperthermy, allowing exclusion of an acute inflammation and rather suggesting an endocrinal process that nevertheless includes the possibility of a deep and/or weakly thermogenous tumor and (b) marked orbital hyperthermy, excluding any endocrinal origin and generally reflecting a malignant tumor.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2002

[Bilateral exophthalmos diabetes insipidus: Erdheim-Chester disease. Clinical and radiological findings].

The authors report a case of a 61-year-old man presenting bilateral exophthalmos and diabetes insipidus. A retro-orbital biopsy revealed nonspecific fibrocollagenic infiltration. The diagnosis of Erdheim-Chester disease was evoked when a multivisceral affection (retroperitoneal and mediastinal periaortic fibrosis) with specific bone localization became evident. The histopatholgical study of a bone biopsy showed xanthogranulomatous infiltration. The patient died a few months later of an intercurrent infection.

Diabetes Insipidus↗
PubMed2003

[Post-traumatic exophthalmos caused by a subperiosteal hematoma of the orbit].

We report a case of a 27-year-old man who developed major exophthalmos associated with ophthalmoplegia occurring 48 hours after head trauma. CT scan showed an orbital roof fracture and a subperiosteal hematoma. Surgical evacuation of the hematoma and reconstruction of the orbital roof was performed via a frontal craniotomy. Two months later, the ophthalmologic examination was normal. We stress the importance of early diagnosis and prompt surgical treatment in such an unusual complication of head trauma.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Unilateral exophthalmos during the course of epidural hematoma].

Based on 10 cases in the literature and one of our own a review is made on the occurrence of an association of an intracranial epidural haematoma with unilateral exophthalmos. The possible pathogenesis of this infrequent phenomenon is discussed.

Adult↗
PubMed1954

Exophthalmos from the standpoint of the ophthalmologist.

There are many causes of abnormal protrusion of one or both eyes, the most common of which is imbalance of the glands of internal secretion. Among other causes are a variety of tumors that originate behind the eye or that extend to that location from other parts in the body. Infections can extend to the orbit behind the eye from the neighboring structures such as the paranasal sinuses. Infection may also extend to the orbit from distant areas by way of the blood and cause exophthalmos.

Animals↗
PubMed2003

Bilateral exophthalmos in a Holstein cow with lymphosarcoma.

A 4-year-old Holstein cow presented with severe bilateral exophthalmos. A complete blood cell count revealed late stage lymphoma; the agar gel immunodiffusion test for enzootic bovine leukosis was positive. The cow was euthanized 1 wk after presentation. Necropsy revealed generalized lymphadenopathy and tumors in most organs. Final diagnosis was lymphosarcoma.

Animals↗
PubMed2005

[Exophthalmos--case report].

Exophthalmos is one of the most common clinical manifestations of an orbital abnormality. It usually results from a mass, a vascular abnormality, or an inflammatory process. We discuss the difficulty to obtain a correct diagnosis and the applied treatment in a clinical case, and at the same time we remark the importance of the close collaboration between the ophthalmologist and other specialists.

Carotid-Cavernous Sinus Fistula↗
PubMed1991

[Chronic lymphocytic leukemia with bilateral exophthalmos and visual disturbance].

A 61-year-old male was admitted to our hospital because of progressive bilateral exophthalmos and visual disturbance. He was diagnosed as chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) with stage I of Rai system. Ophthalmologic examinations suggested that CLL cells might have invaded diffusely to bilateral orbits. Radiation to orbital lesions might result in other ophthalmologic complications such as cataract, therefore we tried to treat him with chemotherapy alone. As a result, combination chemotherapy consisting of vincristine, cyclophosphamide, prednisolone and doxorubicin (VEPA) and additional daily oral administration of cyclophosphamide were effective enough for his ophthalmologic recovery.

Exophthalmos↗