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PubMed2004

Polymorphom of sexually different cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.) NIL lines.

Isolations of polymorphic sequences of two pairs of the NIL lines of cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.), which differ with respect to sex, were carried out using the subtraction hybridization methods of DSC (Differential Subtraction Chain) and GDDSC (Genetically Directed DSC). 266 DSC tags were isolated from the entire genome region, and 38 GDDSC tags were isolated from the region containing the sex genes. Based on the obtained results, the methods used may be considered highly effective. The attained sequences, like 11 AFLP clones obtained earlier [Witkowicz, J. et al. Cell. Mol. Biol. Lett. 8 (2003) 375-381], were characterized by analyzing their hybridization with differential (dhaom) and subtractive cDNA libraries (cDNAsubtractom) from 1- to 2- mm floral buds of the same lines, and by the sequencing of 28 tags. A high average degree of homology was found to exist in the genpolom to dhom and cDNAsubtractom, particularly in the case of "dominant" (when the tester used was a line in which the sex of the plants was dependent upon the dominant allele). This indicates a significant share of coding sequences in the polymorphic genomic tags as well as their share in flower formation. Many of these sequences originate from the sex gene region. Analysis of the sequenced tags showed their interesting composition, including many organelle sequences which transferred into the nucleus, and coding.

Cloning, Molecular↗
PubMedDate not supplied

New 4-[omega-(diarylmethylamino)alkyl]- and 4-[omega-(diarylmethoxy)alkyl]-1-arylpiperazines as selective 5-HT1A/5-HT2A receptor ligands with differentiated in vivo activity.

Two series of novel 4-ethyl- or 4-propyl-1-arylpiperazines (5-12) with the 4,4'-disubstituted diphenylmethylamino (series a) or the diphenylmethoxy (series b) terminal fragment were synthesized and evaluated for their binding affinity at 5-HT1A and 5-HT2A receptors. The influence of the introduction of 4-methyl, 4-chloro or 4-fluoro substituents at both phenyl rings of that terminal moiety on in vitro and in vivo 5-HT1A receptor activity of those modified compounds was discussed. Compounds 5a, 6a, 9a-12a, 5b, 6b, 9b, 11b and 12b displayed high to fairly high affinity for 5-HT1A receptors (Ki = 2.4-72 nM). Compounds of both series showed low or very low 5-HT2A receptor affinity (Ki = 155-5400 nM). Amines 5a, 6a, 11a, and their ether analogs 5b, 6b and 11b, also possessed high or moderate alpha(1)-adrenoceptor affinity (K(i) = 6-104 nM). The functional activity of compounds 5a, 6a, 9a-12a, 5b, 8b, 9b, 11b and 12b was tested in vivo in the commonly used animal models. The majority of those ligands behaved like 5-HT1A receptor antagonists, their influence on the pre- and/or postsynaptic sites being diverse, though. They exhibited characteristics of partial agonists of postsynaptic 5-HT1A receptors (11a), of weak antagonists of pre- and postsynaptic sites (12a, 9b), of antagonists of presynaptic (5a) or of antagonists of postsynaptic 5-HT(1A) receptors (9a, 10a, 5b, 8b, 11b and 12b) while, 6a was devoid of functional activity at those receptors. The above findings indicate that introduction of 4-methyl, 4-chloro or 4-fluoro substituents to the diphenylmethyl part of the 1-(2-methoxyphenyl)piperazines tested in vivo may modify their 5-HT1A receptor functional activity.

Animals↗
PubMed2004

[Rare tumours--are they really rare in the Polish children population?].

Clear statement that pediatric neoplasms are really rare is not easy. Thus the incidence of rare tumours in children has not been defined so far. The paper efforts to assess the topic of rare tumours of childhood in the Polish population. Following two categories are proposed: tumours typical for adults, but possible in children (neoplasms of epithelial origin--mainly carcinomas, melanomas, carcinoids) and paediatric tumours consisting less than 10% of cases in corresponding clinical groups according to the ICCC classification. Data on 317 patients aged 0-18 years treated in centres associated in the Polish Paediatric Group for Solid Tumours (PPGST) were analysed. Classical adult malignancies were registered in 130 patients: carcinomas in 90 (mean age 12.6 +/- 4.5 years), melanomas in 25 (mean age 9.4 +/- 4.9) and carcinoids in 9 (mean age 14.5 +/- 1.2 years). Non epithelial neoplasms were registered in 187 patients (mean age 10.4 +/- 5.5). That group included rare tumours of soft tissue, CNS, bones and other organs. Treatments of certain groups were specified by separate therapeutic protocols within PPGST. Rare malignancies of adult-type among children under 18 years of age in Poland comprised 1.5% of all pediatric neoplasms. The incidence of adult-type neoplasms increased with age until 14 years. In patients over 15 years of age the number of registered cases decreased. It may suggest a first peak of incidence in early adolescence or an underestimation of number of patients with carcinoma aged over 15 years. In the analyzed group, the mean age of patients with carcinomas and other epithelial and unspecified tumours significantly exceeded the age of children with rare neoplasms of non-epithelial origin (12.1 +/- 4.7 vs 10.4 +/- 5.5 years; p<0.05). A very young age at diagnosis of malignant melanomas (mean 9.4 years) and numerous cases of carcinomas affecting the digestive tract (n=24; 27% of all carcinomas), especially those located in colorectal region (n=10), seem surprising. The preliminary analysis of the collected data on rare neoplasms in Poland encourage to undertake a prospective study, meant to link the epidemiology and characteristics of rare epithelial tumours in childhood with diagnostic and therapeutic suggestions for these types that are not coordinated within Polish Paediatric Group of Solid Tumours.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2004

[Evaluation of systolic and diastolic function of the left ventricle in children with acute lymphoblastic leukaemia before treatment].

Between 1995 and 2001 echo-cardiography was performed in 244 children (128 boys, 116 girls) with acute lymphoblastic leukaemia (ALL) before the beginning of therapy with anthracyclines (medium 5.4 days after the diagnosis). The mean age at diagnosis was 5.4 years (range 9 months to 17.7 years). 189 children (97 boys and 92 girls) were included into the standard and medium risk groups and 55 (31 boys and 24 girls) into the high risk group. 29% of ALL children had disturbances in ECG. Changes in the thickness of the intraventricular septum (%IVSTh) and left ventricular posterior wall (%LVPWTh) were statistically lower, especially in children under 7 years of age. Some children showed lowering of shortening fraction (%FS - 8.6%), ejection fraction (%EF - 10.2%) and corrected velocity of fibber-shortening (Vcfc - 25.8%). Children with decreased shortening fraction (%FS) had left ventricular posterior wall thickness (%LVPWTh) impairment. Changes in diastolic function indicate impaired relaxation and compliance of the left ventricle. Decreased peak early filling velocity (E) was found. There were also longer deceleration time (EDecT) and decreased deceleration from peak E velocity (E/Dec) and longer isovolumetric relaxation time in children in standard and medium risk groups. Shorter acceleration time (EAccT) was seen in the high risk group. Evaluation of cardiac function before anthracycline chemotherapy will allow to select patients with pre-existing cardiac impairment for whom cardioprotective treatment is absolutely necessary.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2004

[Use of prenatal health care and risk of infants born small-for-gestational-age. Preliminary results of a case-control study in the Lódź voivodeship].

It is well documented that small-for-gestational age (SGA) infants are at an increased risk of perinatal mortality and morbidity. In order to identify the major modifiable risk factors of SGA birth, a case-control study was launched in the area of Lódź voivodeship, Poland. The project was focused on the evaluation of the role of perinatal health services and avoidance of exposure to tobacco smoke in the prevention of SGA births. The study population consisted of mothers of 153 SGA infants (cases) and 93 mothers of control infants. SGA infants were identified as infants with body weight below 10th percentile for gestational age, using Ballarda scale. The controls were non-SGA infants delivered after 37 week of gestation. The infants from both groups were delivered in 26 maternity wards in the Lódź voivodeship within the period of June 1-November 1, 2003. One month after delivery, each mother of SGA and control infants was visited by an interviewer who collected information about her profile of use of perinatal health care and on active and passive exposure to tobacco smoke in pregnancy. Odds ratios and 95% confidence units (CU) were calculated using EpiInfo software developed by CDC, Atlanta, Georgia, US. Late booking for perinatal care (after 12 week of gestation) and less than 5 visits during pregnancy was found to be related to an increased risk of SGA, however, the OR values included unity. About 1/3 of mothers of SGA infants and "of the controls were served mainly by the private health sector. The use of private care was related to a lower risk of SGA: OR= 0.55 95% CI (0.31-0.96). This protective pattern was observed in the population of women aged 19-25 living in rural areas years and with only primary education. The preconception visits to obstetricians and contacts with health educators during pregnancy were also found to have some protective effect, however, the ORs were not statistically significant. The adverse effect of smoking during pregnancy was clearly confirmed in the study population, OR= 2.69 95%CI (1.37-5.33), while the role of passive smoking was difficult to assess due to the small number of nonsmoking women exposed to ETS. There are some indications that the poor use of perinatal health services may account for the elevated risk of SGA births in the Lódź voivodeship. The use of the private health sector is growing and seems to be related to a lower risk of SGA births. More effective tools to prevent maternal smoking have to be developed and implemented in routine perinatal care.

Adult↗
PubMed2004

[Expression of glutathione-S-transferase isoenzymes in larynx cancer].

Carcinoma planoepitheliale of larynx is the most common cancer present in the upper part of the respiratory system. The molecular mechanism of this cancer generation is unknown and there is no a specific marker for its early diagnosis. The properties, physiological function, as well as the results of studies on genetic polymorphism indicate that glutathione-S-transferase (GST) may play an important role in etiology of this cancer. In the present work the studies on expession of GST isoenzymes pi, alfa, mu4, and mu5 in larynx cancer (carcinoma planoepitheliale laryngis) were performed. Specimens of larynx cancer and their corresponding normal adjacent tissues were obtained from patients by surgery. Expression was studied on the level of mRNA using RT-PCR method. The results indicated raised expression of GST pi (the major isoform in larynx) and lowered expression of GSTs mu4 and alfa in cancer as compared with the control tissue. No expression of GST mu5 was observed in tumor and normal larynx tissues. Obtained results indicate various mechanism in regulation of GSTs expression in cancerous and normal larynx tissues. They also indicate a special role of GST pi in larynx carcinogenesis.

Aged↗
PubMed2004

[The role of hemoglobin concentration in the outcome of definitive radiotherapy of the oropharyngeal cancer].

INTRODUCTION: Squamous cell carcinoma of the oropharynx is potentially curative by radiotherapy. The impact on the treatment results have factors related to neoplasm, to the patient and factors related to the method of radiotherapy. The aim of this paper is evaluation of the impact of hemoglobin concentration (Hb) on treatment results in these patients. METHODS: 241 patients with squamous cell carcinoma of the oropharynx were treated between 1984-1995 in Radiotherapy Department II of Centre of Oncology in Warsaw. Most of them had locally and regionally advanced disease (T3-T4 in 63% and N2-3 in 41% of the patients). The pretreatment level of Hg was determined. All patients underwent definitive radiotherapy with the mean total dose 66-70 Gy. RESULTS: The estimated 5-year overall survival in this group was 23%. Analysis of clinical factors and factors related to the treatment has shown independent impact of the Hb concentration on radiotherapy results. In the group of patients with Hb level above 13 g/dL the risk of death and risk of locoregional recurrance were two times lower in comparison with group where Hb level was equal to or below 13 g/dL (p = 0.0002 and p = 0.013 respectively). CONCLUSION: In the group of the patients with squamous cell carcinoma of the oropharynx, Hb concentration is important prognostic factor of the local control probablility and overall survival.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Malignant vascular tumours in children -- report from the Polish Pediatric Rare Tumors Study].

UNLABELLED: Malignant vascular tumours represent a rare group of neoplasms, usually treated according to protocols for soft tissue sarcomas. THE AIM OF THE STUDY: To assess the clinical characteristics, disease course and outcome in Polish children with malignant vascular neoplasms. MATERIAL AND METHODS: The Polish Paediatric Rare Tumours Study retrospectively analysed multicentre data on 32 children with vascular tumours, registered between 1992 and 2002. On the basis of the histological type of the neoplasm these patients have been divided into three groups: group I -- 10 patients with angiosarcoma (ASA), group II -- 7 children with haemangioendothelioma (HE) and group III- 15 patients with haemangiopericytoma (HP), of both infantile (7 children) and adult-types (8 patients). RESULTS: Group I: 5 patients presented with local, 3 with systemic and 2 with regional disease. Primary complete resection (PRC) was performed in 7 patients, not resulting in local control in any of them. Radiotherapy (RTX) was administered in 5 patients, chemotherapy (CHT) in all. 7 patients relapsed, 3 never entered clinical remission. 9 of the 10 patients of group I, died of disease progression. Group II: PRC was performed in 5 patients and led to local control in 2. Adjuvant RTX was used in 2 and CHT in 4 patients. 2 children relapsed and died of the disease. Infantile HP: PRC was performed in 3 children, remaining 4 patients received adjuvant CHT All children entered complete remission and are disease-free. Adult-type HP: PRC was performed in 5 patients, resulting in local control in 4. Five children were given adjuvant RTX and six CHT Three patients relapsed and died of disease progression. CONCLUSIONS: The effectiveness of primary complete resection in all groups was doubtful. The high rate of metastatic relapses suggests that the currently given systemic therapy is not satisfactory. The only tumour with excellent prognosis was infantile type HP (all patients are alive and free of disease). Adequate treatment for children with angiosarcoma remains still unknown -- 9 of 10 patients died of disease progression. Prognosis in patients with haemangioendothelioma is intermediate, however the role of immunotherapy should be further investigated.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Malignant pelvic neoplasms in children treated in two Polish oncology centres].

BACKGROUND: Extensive diagnostic and therapeutic dilemmas appear in children With primary malignant neoplasms located in the minor pelvis. THE AIM OF THE STUDY: To evaluate the clinical symptoms, disease course and the results of treatment in patients with malignant pelvic neoplasms. MATERIAL AND METHODS: The study included 31 children (13 boys and 18 girls; aged 2 months to 16 years; mean age -- 8 years) treated in the Departments of Paediatric Oncology and Haematology in Gdansk and Lublin during the period of 1992-2003. The group comprised 17 patients with soft tissue sarcomas (MTM) (55%), 12 with germinal tumours (TGM) (39%) and tow. with neuroblastoma (NBL) (6%). The great majority of children (90%) presented with highly advanced disease (stages III + IV -- in 28 out of 31 patients). RESULTS: with data analysis we were able to distinguish two categories of patients with different prognosis: with MTM and TGM. Most of he MTM tumours (11/17 - 65%) were localized in the urinary tract, the remaining six developed within pelvic muscles. Ten out of twelve TGM tumours (83%) were located in the ovaries. Radical tumour resection, especially primary resection, was shown to play the key role in both groups. Among TGM patients it was performed in 75% while in MTM patients -- in only 12%. All of these patients entered clinical remission and remain disease free. After adjuvant chemo- and/or radiotherapy secondary tumour resection was done in 17% of TGM and 41% of MTM patients. CONCLUSION: in patients, who were not able to undergo radical tumour resection (mainly MTM patients), the disease progressed and led to death.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Solid tumours of the vertebral column and spinal cord in children. Reasons and consequences of diagnostic delay].

INTRODUCTION: Primary or secondary tumours of spinal cord and vertebral column have various histological structure, various degree of malignancy and various growth dynamics. Such localisation of neoplastic disease creates problems, connected with the risk of irreversible damage of neurological functions. It is essential to make a proper diagnosis very early. AIM: An analysis of initial clinical symptoms and reasons for diagnostic delay in children with neoplasms of the vertebral column and spinal cord. This can facilitate and accelerate diagnostic and therapeutic process. MATERIAL AND METHODS: 20 children treated from 1994 to 2004 in Department of Paediatrics, Haematology, Oncology and Endocrinology in the Medical University of Gdańsk, were investigated. Patients were divided into 2 groups. In group I, there were 11 children with neuroblastoma and peripheral primitive neuroectodermal tumour (PNET). The primary focus of the neoplasm was localised beyond the vertebral column with secondary infiltration of the spinal cord. Nine children were included in-group II, with primary focus in the spinal cord: glioma (2), ependymoma (1), meningioma (1) and localised in bones of the vertebra: osteosarcoma (2), chondrosarcoma (1), Ewing sarcoma (1) and those eosinophilic granuloma (1). Patients were admitted to hospital late. In group I, advanced stage of disease (III and IV) was found in 5, and stage IV in 6 children. In the early stage of the disease in-group II, pain and neurological symptoms were predominant. Duration of symptoms was longer than in-group I. It was from 6 weeks to 12 months. In both groups diagnostic delay was noted in 13 out of 20 patients. RESULTS: In spite of using obligatory treatment protocols diagnostic delay contributed to permanent neurological complications in 65% of patients.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2005

Recombination aneusomy of subtelomeric regions of chromosome 5, resulting from a large familial pericentric inversion inv(5)(p15.33q35.3).

We present a family with three cases of recombination aneusomy rec(5)dup(5q) originating from a large parental pericentric inversion of chromosome 5. The proband--a 6-year-old girl with mental retardation, speech delay, microcephaly, and slight facial dysmorphism--was referred for subtelomere testing. FISH with a Multiprobe Chromoprobe T System (CytoCell) and with several BAC clones mapping to both subtelomere regions of chromosome 5, revealed a recombinant chromosome rec(5)dup(5q) originating from a paternal pericentric inversion inv(5)(p15.33q35.3). The same inversion was present in the proband's father's twin-brother and rec(5)dup(5q) was also identified in his two mentally retarded daughters. The distance of breakpoints from the telomere was: 0.234-1.4 Mb for 5p and 4.1-4.8 Mb for 5q. HR-CGH analysis confirmed the duplication of the 5q subtelomeric region but did not identify any concomitant deletion in the 5p subtelomere. Precise mapping of the aneusomic regions in the proband enabled mapping the cat cry and speech delay to 5p15.33, making the earlier localizations of these features more precise. Our family shows that the large pericentric inversion with both breakpoints at subtelomeric regions of chromosome 5 is associated with a high risk of rec(5)dup(5q) in the progeny.

Child↗
PubMed2004

[Non-Hodgkin lymphomas of the nasopharynx in children--diagnostic and therapeutic difficulties].

UNLABELLED: About 7% of all childhood cancers comprise non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL). NHL are heterogenous group of neoplasms deriving from lymphatic system (cell B and T). B-cell NHL characterize by high malignancy, but coincidentally good reaction for treatment. In about 20% primary tumour is localised within head and neck, and nasopharynx lymphomas comprise 10%. This location maintains the biggest diagnostic and therapeutic difficulties because of tumours of this site proliferate in the region of frequent infections postponing a proper diagnosis and the local control after complete treatment is difficult. AIM OF THE STUDY: The authors analyse clinical symptoms before diagnosis, the incidence of nasopharynx lymphomas, histopathological type of neoplasm, clinical stage, results of treatment. MATERIAL AND METHODS: The study includes 97 patients who were treated because of lymphomas between 1993-2002. The character of clinical symptoms and their duration, histopathological type of lymphomas, results of treatment were analysed. RESULTS: The primary nasopharynx location was assessed in 9 patients (9.3%). Sex: 7 boys, 2 girls, age: 2-17 years. The duration which elapsed from initial clinical symptoms to diagnosis was 2-10 weeks. The histopathological assessment in 6 children was Burkitt lymphoma and in 3 children--Burkitt-like lymphoma. Metastases: CNS--1 patient, bone marrow--1 patient, abdomen--1 patient. Treatment was performed according to LMB-89 protocol. RESULTS: First complete remission--7 patients; second complete remission--2 patients. CONCLUSIONS: Lymphomas of nasopharynx cause diagnostic problems because of their early stage pseudo-inflammatory manifestation. Special attention should be paid to perform imaging studies (MRI/CT), which are useful in the reaching the proper diagnosis. The radiologic evaluation of primary lesion is still difficult. In the doubtful cases, the surgery and histopathological examination are necessary.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2004

[Relationship of serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT) to body weight, age and sex in blood donors population].

The activity of alanine aminotransferase (ALT) is the most popular parameter in hepatology. Increase of ALT usually suggests the damage of hepatocytes. The aim of the study was to assess the range of value of serum alanine aminotransferase in healthy population and to assess the relationship between ALT level and body mass index (BMI), age and gender. We have analyzed a large population of healthy blood donors--all of them were screened for ALT, weight and height. Patients were divided into four groups: I--patients with underweight, II--patients with normal weight, III--patients with overweight, IV--obese patients. In the studied population 862 persons were taken into account (820 men and 42 women), 19-62 years of age. The ALT level varied from 6 to 77 U/L, mean 27.39 U/L. Inadequate BMI was found in 12 persons, normal BMI in 497 persons, overweight in 270 persons and obesity in 83 persons. ALT and BMI are statistically significantly higher in men than in women. In general population and in men group we found correlations between ALT and BMI (p = 0.0000), between ALT and age (p = 0.0000). In women we did not find those dependences. ALT level was statistically significantly higher in groups with higher BMI: ALT level in group II was higher than in group I (p < 0.024), ALT level in group III was higher than in group III (p = 0.0000). We did not find any differences in ALT level between group III and IV. ALT level strongly correlates with body mass, age and gender. We suggest the necessity of taking into consideration those parameters in a clinical interpretation of ALT level.

Adult↗
PubMed2004

[Herpes encephalitis at children].

Significant mortality, high incidences of complications and permanent neurological sequel are still noted in patients suffering fro herpetic encephalitis. They result mainly from delayed diagnosis and treatment of the specific cause. The aim of our paper was the analysis o a clinical course of patients with Herpes simplex encephalitis. From 1999 to 2001 7 patients aged 2 weeks to 15 years, treated in Children' Neurology Department of Silesian School of Medicine, were diagnosed to have herpetic encephalitis. Fever, headache, vomiting, as well as alteration of consciousness, all typical for neuroinfection were main clinical symptoms present on admission. Three children presented with respiratory distress requiring admission to Intensive Care Unit. On examination "cold sores" were found in 2 patients, in remaining 5 the history of exposition to herpes labialis was obtained. On neurological examination we found either right or left hemiparesis in all patients, motor aphasia in 2 and left sided central facial nerve palsy in 1. Lumbar puncture revealed lymphocytosis in 5 patients. Anti-HSV type IgG an IgM antibodies were found in serum of all 6 patients, while only in 2 of them were detected in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). These were the 2 most severely ill children. In 2 patients DNA HSV using PCR (polymerase chain reaction) method was found in CSF and in serum. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the head confirmed diagnosis. Although herpetic encephalitis is an uncommon, sporadic disease, the diagnosis should be considered in any child with neuroinfection and early treatment started before laboratory confirmation.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2004

[Partial lipodystrophy with C3 complement deficiency in 8 years old girl].

Lipodystrophy is a rare, heterogenic disorder, leading to the loss of adipose tissue. Several main types of the disease are distinguished according to age of onset and localization of fat atrophy. The authors present the case of 8 years old girl with partial lipodystrophy, C3 complement deficiency and autoimmunologic disorder.

Brain↗
PubMed2004

[Experimental assessment of exposure to the tobacco smoke and its effect on superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase activities].

Activities of two antioxidant enzymes, superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) were determined in plasma of rats exposed to tobacco smoke (500, 1000 and 1500 mg CO/m3 air in 5 days) and to 1000 mg CO/m3 in 1, 2 and 3 weeks. When compared to controls, the SOD activity was decreased in the exposed animals, the lowest smoke dose gave the most pronounced effect and the highest dose revealed the least diminution. GPx activity was statistically higher in the rats inhaled with the highest smoke dose. Time of exposure did not effect GPx but SOD raised in correlation to week number, although it did not reach control values over the experiment period. The observed alterations in plasma probably mirror the organ adaptation to oxidative stress in animals exposed to tobacco smoke.

Animals↗
PubMed2004

[Tobacco smoke effects the activity of superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase and total antioxidant status in pregnant and non-pregnant animals].

Total antioxidant status was measured as the reduction of the ABTS radical cation as well as the activities of SOD and GPx in female rats exposed and non-exposed to the cigarette smoke, pregnant and non-pregnant. The assessment was done in lungs, plasma, kidneys, liver and placenta of Wistar rats exposed to the cigarette smoke (1500 mg CO/m3 air) for 21 days. Total antioxidant status was significantly elevated in lungs and plasma of smoke-exposed animals, pregnant and non-pregnant, when compared to the matched controls. In other examined tissues antioxidant capacity was diminished in all tested groups of animals. Activities of SOD and GPx were markedly decreased in tissues of all examined animals. Exposition to the cigarette smoke, despite some changes due to the adaptation to stress, diminishes the antioxidant capacities of the body and in the pregnant animals it may effect the pregnancy outcome.

Animals↗