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PubMed1991

[Predictive factors of response to electronarcosis].

There is an international consensus on the indications of electroconvulsive treatment (ECT): they result in particular from the limitations of antidepressant drug treatment. Even though the global effect of ECT is considered as satisfactory, 10 to 20% of depressed patients eligible for ECT are treatment refractory. This warrants a search for factors predicting efficacy or lack of efficacy of ECT. Predicting factors prior to ECT: Usual clinical criteria, such as the presence of delusional thoughts, are generally classified with endogenous signs of depression. Among biological criteria, EEG data, tests assessing reactivity of autonomous nervous system, plasma measures of catecholamines, calcium and cortisol do not seem relevant parameters. Dexamethasone suppression test and stimulation of TSH by TRH have no more predictive value. Predictive indices during treatment: Empirically clinicians identified a sequence in the response of depressive symptoms, although no conclusion can be drawn from these clinical impressions. Among biological factors some authors stress the importance of the epileptogenic threshold and of measuring plasma levels of peptides released by the posterior lobe of hypophysis. Such data have to be confirmed and their physiopathological value better understood. Actually some parameters representing good therapeutic practices are valued by physicians using ECT: sufficient duration of electrical crisis, total seizure time during the series of electroshocks. Those conceptions are close to the classical emphasis on the adequate number of ECTs and to the discussion on the comparative efficacy of unilateral and bilateral ECT. After ECT most authors shift to antidepressants, although data about medium and long term outcome prediction with this approach are also lacking.

Depressive Disorder↗
PubMed1987

The use of electronarcosis as anaesthetic in the cichlid, Oreochromis mossambicus (Peters). I. General experimental procedures and the role of fish length on the narcotizing effects of electric currents.

Procedures to narcotize fish by means of alternating or direct electrical currents are described and a method of evaluating the narcotic effects on fish of electrical currents is detailed. The role of fish length on the narcotizing potential of electrical currents was investigated. The results indicate that there is a positive correlation between fish length and the duration of narcosis.

Anesthesia Recovery Period↗
PubMed1986

[Comparative studies of electro-analgesia and barbiturate general anesthesia in cattle].

The studies were carried out on 24 healthy young bulls divided into 2 groups. 12 calves, in group I were injected intravenously with 10% solution of gwajamar, dissolved in 10% glucose. Then the electric current of 700 Hz, 90-100 mA and 20 V was switched on. In group II, the mixture of 10% gwajamar, 0.6% thiopental dissolved in 10% glucose was administered intravenously. The studies performed showed that sinusoidal current of 90-110 mA, 700 Hz and about 20 V applied in calves, using needle electrodes on both temples after the administration of gvajamar causes general electric anesthesia during the time of current flow. The narcosis lasted 15 min. when the mixture of 10% gwajamar and 0.6% thiopental was used. During electric anesthesia the reduction in the number of breaths and pulse rate was statistically significant. The content of hemoglobin and lymphocytes in leukograph was decreased as well while metameric neutrophils were raised. In thiopental anesthesia, the pulse rate and the number of breaths were increased (statistically significant) but the number of erythrocytes decreased. The changes in leukograph were observed which were similar to those in the electric anesthesia group. In both kinds of anesthesia hypocalcemia, hypomagnesemia and hypophosphatemia were revealed. More advanced changes (hypocalcemia and hypophosphatemia) were found in electronarcosis. In the above mentioned kinds of anesthesia, the changes and shifts in spite of their statistical significance were temporary and with an exception of hypomagnesemia they reached the values close to the standard by the end of 7th day.

Anesthesia, General↗
PubMed1975

Experimental "auricular electroacupuncture" in morphine-dependent rats: behavioral and biochemical observations.

The experimental paradigm reported here provides a useful animal model with which to further study the effects of regional electrostimulation and its possible relationship with electrical acupuncture. What similarities there may be between electrical acupuncture and the technique of regional electrocerebral stimulation used for production of electrosleep and electronarcosis in animals and man remain to be elucidated. Further research studies, both clinical and basic, are clearly needed to answer some of the questions relating to the safety, efficacy, and possible mechanisms by which a technique such as electrical acupuncture may exert its effects.

Acupuncture Therapy↗
PubMed1975

Modification of morphine-withdrawal syndrome in rats following transauricular electrostimulation: an experimental paradigm for auricular electroacupuncture.

The experimental paradigm reported here provides a useful animal model with which to further study the effects of regional electrostimulation and its possible relationship with electrical acupuncture. What similarities there may be between electrical acupuncture and the technique of regional electrocerebral stimulation used for production of electrosleep and electronarcosis in animals and man (Wageneder et al., 1966) remain to be elucidated. Further research studies, both clinical and basic, are clearly needed to answer some of the questions relating to the safety, efficacy, and possible mechanisms by which a technique such as electrical acupuncture may exert its effects.

Acupuncture Therapy↗