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At least 199 records · Page 11Linked to original sources
PubMed1983

Migration and settlement: a multiregional comparative study.

"In 1976, the International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis initiated a study of migration and population distribution patterns in its seventeen member nations. In each country, the analysis was carried out by national scholars using techniques of multiregional demography. In this paper the authors describe the organization of the study, discuss the data bases used, evaluate the main results obtained, and review some of the methodological research that has been generated by the study. Among the...conclusions are recommendations for researchers wishing to carry out a multiregional demographic analysis." Consideration is given to national and subnational patterns of mortality, fertility, and migration; age composition; and regional population distribution.

Age Distribution↗
PubMed1986

Demographic event history analysis: a selective review.

This is a selective review of the literature concerning demographic event history analysis. "We have attempted to emphasize work that we consider to be particularly important or innovative, to note some of the difficulties that may arise with the use of event history analysis, and to point to several substantive areas where research is still poorly developed."

Data Collection↗
PubMed2005

Exploring the potential link between Medicaid access restrictions, physician location, and health disparities.

OBJECTIVE: To determine whether a given doctor treating Medicaid patients is likely to practice in a predominantly minority area, and whether a minority patient is likely to be treated by a physician who is heavily influenced by Medicaid policy decisions. STUDY DESIGN: Retrospective pharmacy claims database analysis combined with zip-5-level demographic analysis. METHODS: Data extracted from a large prescription claims database were used to categorize all active prescribers in the United States by the proportion of prescription claims paid by state Medicaid programs from May 31, 2003, to April 30, 2004. US Census data from 2000 were used to assess the ethnic composition of each physician's zip code. Descriptive analyses were conducted to explore any associations between zip code racial composition and proportion of prescriber prescription claims adjudicated by state Medicaid programs. RESULTS: Physicians with more than 75% of their prescriptions adjudicated through Medicaid versus those with fewer than 1% of their prescriptions adjudicated through Medicaid practiced in zip codes that were 47% versus 24% nonwhite, respectively. Residents in Medicaid-intense zip codes were 59% nonwhite versus 31% nonwhite in the nation as a whole. CONCLUSION: Nonwhite residents are much more likely than white residents to live in a zip code where Medicaid prescribing rules will affect their physician. Any legislation-induced changes in prescribing patterns seem likely to disproportionately impact both Medicaid and non-Medicaid minority residents in these areas.

Drug Prescriptions↗
PubMed1991

[The use of census data to estimate levels of urbanization].

Problems concerning changes in the definition of urbanization for demographic analysis are examined. "This article attempts to examine the problem by clarifying the definition of the concept and indicators of urban and urbanization and by making a longitudinal analysis of urbanization using the Indonesian 1920-1990 Census data." (SUMMARY IN ENG)

Asia↗
PubMed1990

Variation in vital rates by age, period, and cohort.

"The analysis of age-specific vital rates is studied, and special attention is given to the problem of decomposing an array of rates into factors related to age, period, and cohort.... The paper focuses on the age and period dimensions and derives an initial description of the matrix's structure with regard to changes only in those two directions. This two-dimensional description is then augmented by a consideration of residual patterns that seem clearly linked to cohorts. The use of a model that is asymmetric in age, period, and cohort is justified by a detailed discussion of the problems of identification in models involving perfectly collinear independent variables. An important conclusion is that traditional modeling approaches that treat age, period, and cohort in a symmetric fashion are fundamentally flawed." Some of these concepts are illustrated using mortality data from France. This is a revised version of a paper originally presented at the 1989 Annual Meeting of the Population Association of America (see Population Index, Vol. 55, No. 3, Fall 1989, pp. 375-6).

Age Factors↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Breastfeeding and postpartum amenorrhea in a traditional society: a hazards model analysis.

There is considerable variation in the length of the postpartum amenorrhea during which breastfeeding suppresses fertility, both within and between societies. In this paper, we investigate the association between breastfeeding and the resumption of menses and the impact of various biological and social covariates thereon, using data from two retrospective surveys in India. We use both univariate life table and multivariate time-dependent hazards techniques to analyze the data. Most prior investigations related the impact of breastfeeding to postpartum amenorrhea by taking duration of breastfeeding as a fixed covariate. However, breastfeeding beyond the resumption of menstruation cannot affect the duration of menses. Accordingly, the present study has a methodological focus in the sense that breastfeeding is treated as a time-dependent covariate. We found that breastfeeding, age of mother at child's birth, social status, level of income, religion and caste (subcaste), and residential status have significant effects on return of menses in Indian traditional society.

Adult↗
PubMed1983

A new method for estimating the trend in the fertility rate.

"This article describes the method devised by Gerard Calot...for estimating monthly TPFRs [total period fertility rates] when only provisional monthly figures for numbers of births are available. The application of the Calot method, together with the US Bureau of the Census X-11 seasonal adjustment package, for computing the trend in the England and Wales fertility rate is also described."

Birth Rate↗
PubMed1994

The impact of HIV-1 infection on mortality in children under 5 years of age in sub-Saharan Africa: a demographic and epidemiologic analysis.

OBJECTIVE: To estimate the effects of the HIV-1 epidemic on mortality in children under 5 years of age in urban and rural populations in eastern and central, and southern Africa. METHODS: A lifetable method that allows for the effects of competing causes (i.e., mortality due to HIV and other causes) was used to estimate mortality. Our calculations used published and unpublished data on HIV-1 infection in African adults and children (incidence and prevalence, vertical transmissions, transmission by blood transfusion and natural history), and typical baseline fertility and child mortality data. The results were applied to model rural and urban populations to explore the effects of parameters such as mortality in HIV-1-infected children, fertility in infected mothers and overall population growth. RESULTS: We estimate that child mortality will rise substantially because of the prevalence of HIV-1 in urban areas. There will be little difference in the absolute levels of increase in mortality between areas in eastern and central, and southern Africa with similar levels of HIV infection; however, in relative terms the effect will be more noticeable in southern Africa because of the lower baseline mortality. Towns with severe epidemics (30% adult seroprevalence) might experience a rise in child mortality of one-third in eastern and central Africa and three-quarters in southern Africa. This will cancel or reverse existing advantages in urban over rural levels of child mortality and this effect will be more pronounced in southern Africa. The exact impact of HIV-1 will vary according to mortality among HIV-1-infected children and to fertility among infected women. However, changes in age structure and population growth have relatively little impact on mortality. CONCLUSIONS: There are likely to be substantial increases in child mortality in sub-Saharan Africa as a result of HIV-1 infection. The main determinant of childhood infection is the scale of the epidemic among adults. Increases in mortality will depend on local adult seroprevalence but are hard to predict precisely because of possible variation in death rates among HIV-1-infected children. In rural areas with low seroprevalence other diseases will remain the main cause of mortality. However, in urban areas families and health services will have to face considerably increased demands from ill and dying children.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Mortality in Italy: contours of a century of evolution.

The authors construct contour maps of Italian male and female mortality rates for ages 0-79 for the years 1870-1979 using life table data from published sources. The maps "display persistent global and prominent local patterns of mortality, simultaneously over age, by period, and for cohorts." Previously documented aspects of the evolution of Italian mortality are highlighted graphically, and new areas for study are indicated. (summary in FRE, ITA)

Cohort Studies↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Trends and sex-differentials in Dutch mortality since 1850: insights from a cohort--and period--perspective.

"This paper makes use of a recently established comparative series of period and cohort life tables for the Netherlands for the period 1850-1991. Trends in period and cohort life expectancy at birth for males and females are discussed. A simple spline function is used to identify turning points in these trends. Trends in the contribution of specific age groups to the changes in life expectancy and to male excess mortality were studied using the Arriaga method. For this purpose, the results of period and cohort analysis were compared." (SUMMARY IN ITA AND FRE)

Age Factors↗
PubMed1987

[The evolution of first marriages in Canada].

"The purpose of this paper is to investigate to what extent the major socio-political events to the last sixty years (the crisis of the 1930's, the second world war, etc.) have influenced the behavior of Canadians towards (first) marriage. The results of period as well as cohort analysis lead to the conclusion that, while these events did not significantly affect the ultimate (at age 50) frequency of first marriages among generations, they however had a marked impact on the timing of marriage, and therefore on the period measures." (SUMMARY IN ENG AND SPA)

Americas↗