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PubMed1996

Comparison of the effects of 17 alpha-methyltestosterone, methandrostenolone, and nandrolone decanoate on the sexual behavior of castrated male rats.

In a series of 3 experiments, adult male Long-Evans rats were castrated and treated with 1 of 3 different anabolic-androgenic steroid (AAS) compounds (17 alpha-methyltestosterone, methandrostenolone, or nandrolone decanoate) for 6 weeks. In each experiment, subjects received daily injections of a high, medium, or low dose of AAS or the oil vehicle. The AAS effects on body weight in gonadectomized male rats were modest, and no effects on locomotor activity were observed. The AAS compounds administered at doses comparable with human abuse levels were not equipotent in maintaining male sexual behavior patterns (nandrolone decanoate > methandrostenolone > 17 alpha-methyltestosterone). In addition, the behavioral actions of AAS compounds did not parallel stimulation of sexual accessory glands. The authors reported that this study is the first to quantify the dose-response characteristics of individual AAS compounds with regard to these behavioral and endocrine measures.

Anabolic Agents↗
PubMed2003

Nandrolone decanoate enhances hypothalamic biogenic amines in rats.

PURPOSE: To identify possible mechanisms for an anabolic-androgenic steroid induced increase in aggressive behavior and work capacity, the levels of some biogenic amines considered to be closely related to a systemic hyper-adrenergic state were measured in selected regions of the brain. METHODS: Wistar male rats were divided randomly into five groups: nontreated (control), oil-vehicle-treated (vehicle) or one of three (therapeutic dose and 10- or 100-fold higher dose) anabolic-androgenic steroid-treated (steroid-1, -2, -3) groups. Rats in the steroid and vehicle groups were given a single dose of nandrolone decanoate or oil vehicle, respectively, one week before tissue sampling. The levels of norepinephrine (NE) and its metabolite, 4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenylglycol (MHPG), serotonin (5-HT) and its metabolite, 5-hydroxy-indole-3-acetic acid (5-HIAA) were measured in the cerebral cortex, hypothalamus and cerebellum by high-performance liquid chromatography. Immunostaining for c-fos was performed as a confirmation of increased neural activity. RESULTS: The levels of NE and MHPG were increased by approximately 2- and approximately 7-fold in the hypothalamus of the steroid-2 compared with the control and vehicle groups. The levels of 5-HT and 5-HIAA were approximately 40 and approximately 50% higher in the steroid-2 compared with the control and vehicle groups. A significantly higher number of c-fos expressing neurons were observed in the periventricular region of the steroid-2 than the control and vehicle groups, indicating enhanced neuronal activity after nandrolone decanoate treatment. CONCLUSIONS: The present results, combined with previously reported findings of physical performance enhancement after anabolic-androgenic steroid treatment, are consistent with the interpretation that elevated levels of adrenergic and serotonergic amines in the hypothalamus could contribute to aggressive behaviors as well as improved physical performance.

Anabolic Agents↗
PubMed1999

Effects of nandrolone decanoate therapy in borderline hypogonadal men with HIV-associated weight loss.

Serum testosterone concentrations are frequently in the low-normal range (lowest quartile, <500 ng/dl) in men with AIDS-wasting syndrome (AWS) and in other chronic wasting disorders. The response of patients in this group to androgen treatment has not been determined, however. Eighteen men with AWS (mean +/- standard error [SE]: 87% +/- 1% usual body weight; CD4 count 90 +/- 24) and borderline low serum testosterone concentrations (382 +/- 33 ng/dl) completed a 21-day placebo-controlled inpatient metabolic ward study comparing intramuscular (i.m.) placebo (n = 7) with low-dose (65 mg/week; n = 4) and high-dose (200 mg/week; n = 7) nandrolone decanoate, a testosterone analogue. Nitrogen balance, stable isotope-mass spectrometric measurement of de novo lipogenesis (DNL), resting energy expenditure, and gonadal hormone levels were measured. Both low-dose and high-dose nandrolone resulted in significant nitrogen retention (33-52 g nitrogen/14 days, representing gains of 0.5 to 0.9 kg lean tissue/week) compared with placebo (loss of 11 g nitrogen/week). This was reflected biochemically in a borderline significant reduction of high DNL (p < .06). Serum testosterone and gonadotropins were suppressed whereas resting energy expenditure was unchanged by nandrolone treatment. In 10 study subjects completing a 12-week open-label follow-up phase, body weight increased by 4.9 +/- 1.2 kg, including 3.1 +/- 0.5 kg lean body mass, and treadmill exercise performance also improved. In summary, nandrolone decanoate therapy in the absence of an exercise program in borderline hypogonadal men with AWS caused substantial nitrogen retention compared with placebo, similar in extent to the nitrogen retention previously achieved with recombinant growth hormone. It is reasonable to expand the criteria for androgen treatment in AWS to include at least patients in the lowest quartile of serum testosterone.

Adult↗
PubMed1979

Kinetics of fluphenazine after fluphenazine dihydrochloride, enanthate and decanoate administration to man.

1 Fluphenazine (1,2-ethanol 14C) was administered to seven human subjects as the dihydrochloride and as the enanthate and decanoate esters. 2 The subjects had previously been treated with fluphenazine injections for at least 6 months. 3 Fluphenazine was separated from its radioactive metabolites by selective solvent extraction. Plasma concentrations were measured for up to 21 days after dosing. 4 The preparations showed differences in peak concentrations, times of the peaks and half-times of the elimination phase. The longest half-times occurred with the decanoate and the shortest with the dihydrochloride. 5 It is postulated that the differences in kinetics relate principally to the release of the compound from the site of injection. 6 There was no evidence for presence of the esters in plasma, urine or faeces.

Adult↗
PubMed1997

Effects of nandrolone decanoate on respiratory and peripheral muscles in male and female rats.

Thirty male and 18 female adult rats received weekly an intramuscular injection of either saline (control; C), 1.5 mg/kg (low-dose; LD) nandrolone decanoate or 7.5 mg/kg (high-dose; HD) nandrolone decanoate during 5 wk. Compared with respective C, growth rate was stunted in male HD rats from 2 wk of treatment on, whereas it was enhanced in female LD and HD rats after 1 wk. Mass of all muscles studied varied proportionally to body weight, except for the gastrocnemius (males: 0.49 +/- 0.04 vs. C: 0.52 +/- 0.03%, not significant; females: 0.17 +/- 0.01 vs. C: 0.15 +/- 0.01%, P < 0.05). In vitro contractile and fatigue properties of the diaphragm remained unchanged, except for a decrease in twitch kinetics (time to peak tension: C, 21 +/- 2; LD, 19 +/- 1; HD, 19 +/- 2 ms, P < 0.05; half-relaxation time: C, 26 +/- 5, LD, 25 +/- 5, HD, 23 +/- 3 ms, P < 0.01). Histochemistry of the diaphragm and the gastrocnemius revealed a significant increase in type IIx/b dimensions. In the gastrocnemius, type I fiber dimensions also increased. A pair-fed study, including another 24 female rats, showed that the changes in oral food intake only partly accounted for the observed anabolic effects.

Anabolic Agents↗
PubMed2000

Nandrolone decanoate does not enhance training effects but increases IGF-I mRNA in rat diaphragm.

To examine whether concomitant anabolic steroid treatment combined with training might enhance previously observed training effects (A. Bisschop, G. Gayan-Ramirez, H. Rollier, R. Gosselink, R. Dom, V. de Bock, and M. Decramer. Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med. 155: 1583-1589, 1997) and whether insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-I) was involved in these changes, male and female rats were submitted to inspiratory muscle training (IMT) for 8 wk (30 min/day, 5 times/wk) and were compared with untrained controls. During the last 5 wk of training, trained rats were divided to receive weekly either low-dose (LD; 1.5 mg/kg) or high-dose (HD; 7.5 mg/kg) nandrolone decanoate or saline for the IMT and control rats. In both sexes, diaphragm muscle mass and contractile properties were unchanged with treatment. In males, HD resulted in decreased diaphragm type I cross-sectional area (-15%; P < 0.05, HD vs. IMT), whereas no changes were observed in females. Finally, an increase in IGF-I mRNA levels was present in HD male (+73%; P < 0.05, HD vs. IMT) and female treated rats [LD (+58%) and HD (+96%) vs. IMT; P < 0.001]. We conclude that administration of nandrolone decanoate did not enhance the previously observed training effects in rat diaphragm, although it increased the IGF-I mRNA expression levels.

Anabolic Agents↗
PubMed1978

Fluphenazine decanoate and fluphenazine enanthate in the out-patient management of chronic schizophrenia.

39 chronic schizophrenic out-patients were given either fluphenazine decanoate or enanthate for a 1-year double-blind trial. Doses of 25 mg were given for the first 6 months and 37.5 mg for the last 6 months. For both agents the intervals between treatments lengthened significantly over the course of the trial. Fluphenazine decanoate showed a non-significant trend for a longer duration of action coupled with a significantly lower incidence of extrapyramidal side effects.

Adult↗
PubMed1978

Comparison of the incidence and severity of extrapyramidal side effects with fluphenazine enanthate and fluphenazine decanoate.

Forty-nine schizophrenic outpatients stabilized on oral antipsychotic medication and procyclidine received 12.5 mg or 18.75 mg of fluphenazine enanthate or fluphenazine decanoate and were examined for extrapyramidal side effects one and two weeks later. Extrapyramidal side effects were present in 30 patients (61%) but were clinically significant in only 11 (22%). Fluphenazine enanthate produced more clinically significant extrapyramidal symptoms, particularly akathisia, than did fluphenazine decanoate.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2004

Nandrolone decanoate and load increase remodeling and strength in human supraspinatus bioartificial tendons.

BACKGROUND: To date, no studies document the effect of anabolic steroids on rotator cuff tendons. STUDY DESIGN: Controlled laboratory study. HYPOTHESIS: Anabolic steroids enhance remodeling and improve the biomechanical properties of bioartificially engineered human supraspinatus tendons. METHODS: Bioartificial tendons were treated with either nandrolone decanoate (nonload, steroid, n = 18), loading (load, nonsteroid, n = 18), or both (load, steroid, n = 18). A control group received no treatment (nonload, nonsteroid [NLNS], n = 18). Bioartificial tendons' remodeling was assessed by daily scanning, cytoskeletal organization by staining, matrix metalloproteinase-3 levels by ELISA assay, and biomechanical properties by load-to-failure testing. RESULTS: The load, steroid group showed the greatest remodeling and the best organized actin cytoskeleton. Matrix metallo-proteinase-3 levels in the load, steroid group were greater than those of the nonload, nonsteroid group (P <.05). Ultimate stress and ultimate strain in the load, steroid group were greater than those of the nonload, nonsteroid and nonload, steroid groups (P <.05). The strain energy density in the load, steroid group was greater when compared to other groups (P <.05). CONCLUSIONS: Nandrolone decanoate and load acted synergistically to increase matrix remodeling and biomechanical properties of bioartificial tendons. CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Data suggest anabolic steroids may enhance production of bioartificial tendons and rotator cuff tendon healing in vitro. More research is necessary before such clinical use is recommended.

Adult↗
PubMed1999

Effects of pharmacological doses of nandrolone decanoate and progressive resistance training in immunodeficient patients infected with human immunodeficiency virus.

This nonplacebo-controlled, open label, randomized study was conducted to test the hypotheses that pharmacological doses of nandrolone decanoate would increase lean body tissue, muscle mass, and strength in immunodeficient human immunodeficiency virus-infected men, and that these effects would be enhanced with progressive resistance training (PRT). Thirty human immunodeficiency virus-positive men with fewer than 400 CD4 lymphocytes/mm3 were randomly assigned to receive weekly injections of nandrolone alone or in combination with supervised PRT at 80% of the one-repetition maximum three times weekly for 12 weeks. Total body weight increased significantly in both groups (3.2 +/- 2.7 and 4.0 +/- 2.0 kg, respectively; P < 0.001), with increases due primarily to augmentation of lean tissue. Lean body mass determined by dual energy x-ray absorptiometry increased significantly more in the PRT group (3.9 +/- 2.3 vs. 5.2 +/- 5.7 kg, respectively; P = 0.03). Body cell mass by bioelectrical impedance analysis increased significantly (P < 0.001) in both groups (2.6 +/- 1.0 vs. 2.9 +/- 0.8 kg), but to a similar magnitude (P = NS). Significant increases in cross-sectional area by magnetic resonance imaging of total thigh muscles (1538 +/- 767 and 1480 +/- 532 mm2), quadriceps (705 +/- 365 and 717 +/- 288 mm2), and hamstrings (842 +/- 409 and 771 +/- 295 mm2) occurred with both treatment strategies (P < 0.001 for the three muscle areas); these increases were similar in both groups (P = NS). By the one-repetition method, strength increased in both upper and lower body exercises, with gains ranging from 10.3-31% in the nandrolone group and from 14.4-53.0% in the PRT group (P < 0.006 with one exception). Gains in strength were of significantly greater magnitude in the PRT group (P < or = 0.005 for all comparisons), even after correction for lean body mass. Thus, pharmacological doses of nandrolone decanoate yielded significant gains in total weight, lean body mass, body cell mass, muscle size, and strength. The increases in lean body mass and muscular strength were significantly augmented with PRT.

Adult↗
PubMed2001

Coupling of fermentation and esterification: microbial esterification of decanoic acid with ethanol produced via fermentation.

Two different kinds of bioprocess, ethanol fermentation and subsequent microbial esterification, were coupled using Issatchenkia terricola IFO 0933 in an interface bioreactor. The strain produced ethyl decanoate (Et-DA) by esterification of exogenous decanoic acid (DA) with ethanol produced via fermentation. The efficiency of the new coupling system depended on the concentration of glucose in a carrier and DA in an organic phase (decane) in an agar plate interface bioreactor. Optimum glucose content and DA concentration were 4% and 29 mM, respectively.

Decanoic Acids↗
PubMed1977

Oestrogenic activity of oestradiol-decanoate after oral administration to rodents.

Oestradiol-decanoate, dissolved in arachis oil and orally administered to rodents, produces oestrogenic effects. Compared on a molecular basis the ester has 0.1-1.0 times the activity of ethinyl oestradiol, dependent on the species and the parameter studied. The effects of oestradiol-decanoate are less or absent when the oil is omitted. It is likely that absorption of the steroid ester takes place via the intestinal lymphatics in conjunction with the oil.

Administration, Oral↗
PubMed2002

Post-effects of nandrolone decanoate treatment on contractile responses of rat skeletal muscles.

The post-effects of nandrolone decanoate treatment (15 mg.kg(-1).week(-1)) were studied on contractile responses of isolated small bundles of intact slow-(soleus) and fast-(extensor digitorum longus, edl) twitch fibers in rat. Five weeks of treatment induced, in edl, an increase in the amplitude of twitch (55%) and K(+) contracture (32%) without significant change in the time constant of relaxation and caffeine contracture. In soleus, an increase in the amplitude of twitch (35%) and caffeine contracture (0.2 mM: 218%, 0.5 mM: 88%, 5 mM: 28%, and 10 mM: 25%) was observed without change in K(+) contracture characteristics. In addition to these effects, 10 weeks of drug treatment increased the amplitude of soleus K(+) contracture (29%) and edl caffeine contracture (0.2 mM: 247%, 0.5 mM: 170%, 5 mM: 29%, and 10 mM: 45%), and reduced the 50% recovery time for K(+) contracture (EC(50)) (soleus: 37%, edl: 12%). After 5-week treatment followed by 5-week arrest, as compared to the control group, no change in the amplitude of twitch, K(+) or caffeine contractures was found in edl. In soleus, although no significant difference was observed in the amplitude of twitch, the amplitude of K(+) (35%) and caffeine contractures (0.2 mM: 227%, 0.5 mM: 128%) remained greater than the control group. Moreover, the EC(50) values were prolonged (46%) in soleus, whereas no significant difference was observed in edl. The present work suggests that nandrolone decanoate treatment induced differential post-effects on contractile responses developed in slow- and fast-twitch skeletal muscles by acting differently on the different steps of the excitation-contraction coupling mechanism.

Anabolic Agents↗
PubMed2003

Nandrolone decanoate reduces changes induced by hindlimb suspension in voltage-dependent tension of rat soleus muscle.

The effect of 8 weeks of nandrolone decanoate treatment (15 mg kg(-1)/week, 5 weeks under normal conditions followed by 3 weeks of unloading) was tested for the voltage-dependence of activation and steady-state inactivation of contraction in isolated small bundles (2-4 cells) of intact slow-twitch skeletal muscle in rats. Twenty-four male rats were divided into three groups (8 rats/group, weight matched) for 8 weeks: (1) control, (2) unloaded, and (3) unloaded-treated. Compared with age-matched control values (unloaded vs. control), suspension induced a shift in the isometric tension characteristics toward fast-twitch types in the soleus muscle. In contrast, nandrolone decanoate treatment of suspended animals reduced unweighting-induced atrophy in the muscle and maintained: (1) the relative amplitude of twitch tension to the maximal Ca(2+) activated in saponin-treated fibers (control: 3.6 +/- 0.4%, unloaded: 6.9 +/- 1.1% and unloaded-treated: 4.6 +/- 0.2%), (2) the time to peak tension (control: 130 +/- 18 ms, unloaded: 85 +/- 12 ms and unloaded-treated: 110 +/- 11 ms), (3) the time constant of relaxation (control: 320 +/- 12 ms, unloaded: 120 +/- 13 ms and unloaded-treated: 349 +/- 20 ms), (4) the relative amplitude of K(+) contracture tension to the maximal Ca(2+) activated in saponin-treated fibers (control: 82.9 +/- 3.1%, unloaded: 65.1 +/- 2.8%, and unloaded-treated: 91.7 +/- 1.9%), (5) the potential at 50% of the activation curve (control: -40.4 +/- 1.2 mV, unloaded: -35.5 +/- 1.6 mV, and unloaded-treated: -48.4 +/- 1.2 mV), and (6) the potential at 50% of the inactivation curve (control: 42.2 +/- 1.9 mV, unloaded: -34.5 +/- 1.1 mV, and unloaded-treated: -37.9 +/- 1.1 mV). This study clearly shows that treatment with anabolic-androgenic steroids can prevent atrophy and functional changes induced by 3 weeks of unweighting in rat skeletal muscles.

Animals↗
PubMed2002

The effects of nandrolone decanoate on nutritional parameters in hemodialysis patients.

AIMS: Malnutrition with hypoalbuminemia is an independent predictor of mortality in end-stage renal disease patients. Anabolic steroids reduce protein catabolism and therefore may improve nutritional parameters. This study was undertaken to determine the effects of the anabolic steroid nandrolone decanoate on the nutritional status of hemodialysis patients. Secondary endpoints were to examine the effects of androgen therapy on hematocrit and erythropoietin (EPO) dose. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Medical records of chronic hemodialysis patients who received nandrolone decanoate for greater than 30 days were reviewed. Data collected included: demographics, dose, frequency, duration of treatment and cumulative dose of nandrolone. Baseline albumin, transferrin, dry weight, phosphorus, creatinine, hematocrit and erythropoietin dose were obtained for comparison with values after treatment. RESULTS: Of the 9 patients evaluated (mean +/- SD: age 55+/-28 years, 4/9 male), 2 patients received nandrolone doses of 25 mg intramuscularly (i.m.) every week, while the remaining 7 patients received 100 mg i.m. every 2 weeks. The mean +/- SD duration of treatment was 96+/-43 days, with a mean +/- SD cumulative dose of 656+/-371 mg. The mean +/- SD baseline albumin was 2.9+/-0.6 mg/dl which increased to 3.3+/-0.4 mg/dl after treatment (p = 0.045). Dry weight increased from a mean +/- SD of 64.4+/-11.7 kg to 66.0+/-10.9 kg after nandrolone therapy (p = 0.028). Mean +/- SD hematocrit at baseline was 28.2+/-4.5% and increased to 33.2+/-5.1% (p = 0.033). The dose of EPO was reduced in 4 patients (44%) during nandrolone therapy. CONCLUSIONS: Nandrolone significantly improved markers of nutritional status in our hemodialysis patients. This therapy may also enhance the hematopoietic effects of EPO.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

HPLC analysis of brain and plasma for octanoic and decanoic acids.

Two methods are described for determination of octanoic and decanoic acids in plasma and brain homogenate by "high-performance" liquid chromatography with ultraviolet detection. Analysis of the underivatized acids had a detection limit of only 50 mg/L, but formation of the p-bromophenacyl ester increased the sensitivity by 100-fold, to a detection limit of 0.5 mg/L. The latter procedure gave interassay coefficients of variation of 4.1% and 4.8% for octanoic and decanoic acids, respectively. The corresponding intra-assay values were 3.95% and 4.7% (n = 6). The derivative method, applied to samples of plasma from children receiving a medium-chain triglyceride (MCT) diet, gave values in agreement with results by gas-liquid chromatography. Results have also been obtained for samples from mice, either treated with the medium-chain triglyceride diet or given infusions of sodium octanoate.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1989

Effects of nandrolone decanoate and antiresorptive therapy on vertebral density in osteoporotic postmenopausal women.

Conventional antiresorptive therapy for osteoporosis can delay bone loss, but secondary inhibition of bone formation appears to prevent an increase in bone density. Recently, anabolic steroid therapy has been shown to increase total body calcium and forearm density in osteoporotic patients, perhaps by causing an increase in bone formation. It is not known if these agents affect vertebral density. We have measured vertebral mineral density in 71 postmenopausal osteoporotic women before and after treatment with either the anabolic steroid nandrolone decanoate or antiresorptive therapy. After a mean treatment period of 14 months, there was a mean increase of 20% in vertebral mineral density in the former group, and no significant change in the latter group. The difference in the time-weighted mean rates of change between the two groups was significant. The results suggest that nandrolone decanoate therapy increases bone formation.

Aged↗
PubMed1986

Therapeutic effects of nandrolone decanoate, tibolone, lynestrenol and ethylestrenol on Sjögren's syndrome-like disorder in NZB/W mice.

Growth of mononuclear cell infiltration in submandibular glands is significantly inhibited by Org OD14 (tibolone), lynestrenol and ethylestrenol given orally to New Zealand Black/White (NZB/W) mice from 26 weeks of age onwards. In addition, the extent of already established mononuclear cell infiltrations is significantly inhibited and reduced by nandrolone decanoate injected from 43 weeks of age onwards. Tibolone and nandrolone decanoate are the most potent of the four drugs. The therapeutic effect of these four steroids on the Sjögren's syndrome-like disorder in NZB/W mice is not related to their endocrine activities.

Animals↗