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At least 199 records · Page 11Linked to original sources
PubMed1989

Review of Papyrus bibliographic database software.

Papyrus is an inexpensive bibliographic database which provides some features not found in other similar packages. Its flexibility in handling references of many types and formats, its capacity for integration with manuscripts prepared with word processors, its capacity for importing references from national databases and its ability to perform microcosmic literature searches are attractive features. Because Papyrus has tackled a complex task, mastery of the intricacies of the program may present a substantial challenge to novice computer users. Although the manipulation of an existing customized bibliographic database would seem to be attractive for any researcher or author who prepares manuscripts for publication, the optimal use of the program also requires an extensive commitment of time and labor for the initial entry of all pertinent references into the database. While this could be accomplished gradually in conjunction with the preparation of individual manuscripts, the creation of a complete file of references could require hundreds of hours of labor. Individual authors, as well as larger research groups, should be prepared for this type of commitment before acquiring the Papyrus system.

Bibliographies as Topic↗
PubMed2000

Using UMLS semantics for classification purposes.

The Unified Medical Language System (UMLS) contains semantic information about terms from various sources; each concept can be understood and located by its relationships to other concepts. We describe a method in which the semantic relationships between UMLS concepts are exploited for the purpose of classification. This method combines three existing components: 1) Mapping terms to UMLS concepts; 2) Restricting UMLS concepts to MeSH; and 3) Mapping MeSH terms to disease categories. When applied to the automatic classification of condition terms into broad disease categories in the Clinical Trials database, this method assigned relevant categories to 92% of the 1823 condition terms encountered. 135 (7%) failed to be classified and 14 (.77%) were misclassified. The limits of this method are discussed, as well as the reuse of existing components, and the tuning required to achieve automatic classification.

Algorithms↗
PubMed2003

Proposition: the benefit of cardiac transplantation in stable outpatients with heart failure should be tested in a randomized trial.

Recent data suggest that cardiac transplantation is associated with a survival benefit only in patients at high risk for dying of advanced heart failure without this procedure. To test the hypothesis that survival and quality of life advantages associated with cardiac transplantation exist in stable outpatients, a 3-stage approach is proposed: 1). to establish a database within the International Society for Heart and Lung Transplantation/United Network for Organ Sharing/Eurotransplant infrastructure that will provide an estimate of the survival benefit of heart transplantation in various heart failure risk strata by prospectively following cohorts of patients listed for heart transplantation; 2). to organize an international consensus conference that will define, based on the review of the Stage 1 data, the feasibility of a prospective randomized trial; and 3). pending consensus, to perform a clinical trial, perhaps with an augmented, randomized design that allocates cardiac transplantation to all patients at high risk for dying of heart failure while randomizing patients at low risk to either conventional treatment or cardiac transplantation. Generating such scientific evidence is important in light of today's donor organ crisis and the associated difficulties of equitable resource allocation.

Cohort Studies↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Bibliography database managers. A comparative review.

Bibliography database managers (BDMs) are used to manage information resources: specifically, to maintain a database of references and create bibliographies and reference lists for written works. This comparative review provides an overview of BDMs and capsule reviews of five programs: EndNote Plus 2.0; Library Master 3.0; Papyrus 7.0.11; Pro-Cite 2.2.1; and Reference Manager 6.02.

Bibliographies as Topic↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Data extraction and ad hoc query of an entity-attribute-value database.

Entity--attribute--value (EAV) tables form the major component of several mainstream electronic patient record systems (EPRSs). Such systems have been optimized for real-time retrieval of individual patient data. Data warehousing, on the other hand, involves cross-patient data retrieval based on values of patient attributes, with a focus on ad hoc query. Attribute-centric query is inherently more difficult when data are stored in EAV form than when they are stored conventionally. The authors illustrate their approach to the attribute-centric query problem with ACT/DB, a database for managing clinical trials data. This approach is based on metadata supporting a query front end that essentially hides the EAV/non-EAV nature of individual attributes from the user. The authors' work does not close the query problem, and they identify several complex subproblems that are still to be solved.

Clinical Trials as Topic↗
PubMed1999

[Systematic reviews on infectious diseases. The Cochrane Collaboration].

BACKGROUND: Theoretically, doctors update their knowledge from the scientific literature, and bibliographic databases have made it possible to overcome many of the limitations with this information, but not all of them. When faced with a therapeutic issue, the practice of evidence based medicine requires the efficient access to information derived from controlled clinical trials (CCT). Reviews of the scientific literature are of increasing importance. The Cochrane Collaboration is dedicated to preparing, maintaining and disseminating updated, systematic reviews of CCTs of health care interventions, which are published in the Cochrane Library. OBJECTIVE: To describe the Cochrane Collaboration and to locate, with the greatest exhaustiveness possible, CCTs published in the journals "Enfermedades Infecciosas y Microbiología Clínica", describe their characteristics and include them in a global database of clinical trials maintained by the Cochrane Collaboration. METHODS: The CCTs were identified by systematic manual searches of all issues of the journal. A descriptive analysis of the CCTs located was made. RESULTS: A total of 24 CCTs were published in 15 years (1.6 per year), 10 were original articles and 14 were communications at congresses. All were done in Spain and the majority were done in hospitals. The most frequently researched question was antibiotic prophylaxis and all evaluated pharmaceutical interventions. The majority of the CCTs published had important information missing (phase of study, randomization, blinding, etc.). CONCLUSIONS: The identification of CCTs is a prerequisite for the development of systematic reviews. There were few clinical trials published in the 15 years of publication of this journal, and the most common characteristic is, clearly, the absence of basic data. The most common is a lack of on the phase of the clinical trial, the follow-up period, and funding sources. The idea of what experimental clinical investigation in infectious diseases is in our country needs to include the identification of CCTs published in other Spanish and international journals.

Bibliometrics↗
PubMedDate not supplied

The exclusion of women from clinical trials of thrombolytic therapy: implications for developing the thrombolytic predictive instrument database.

The thrombolytic predictive instrument (TPI) was developed to identify those patients most likely to benefit from thrombolytic therapy for acute myocardial infarction as well as to facilitate the earliest possible administration of this treatment. The TPI consists of predictive models derived from clinical data obtained from both clinical trials and data registries. These models are subject to potential bias due to combinations of primary data from different sources. The purpose of this investigation was to assess the influence of gender in developing the TPI database. In this database, there were 1,096 (22%) women and 3,826 (78%) men; only 38% of the women were enrolled in clinical trials, whereas 46% of the men were (p < 0.0001). Within clinical trials, there were few significant eligibility differences between women and men, as the vast majority of patients met eligibility standards for entry in these trials. However, within clinical registries, the women were older (p < 0.0001) and more often had elevated blood pressure on admission (p = 0.002). Multivariate logistic regression indicated that after adjustment for significant predictors of trial inclusion, women were 25% less likely to be included in clinical trials (odds ratio = 0.76, 95% confidence interval = 0.60, 0.96). In order to counter bias introduced by the exclusion of women from clinical trials, the TPI database included patients from non-trial settings. Carefully including patients from clinical registries or non-trial settings may be an important strategy in constructing generally applicable predictive instruments.

Aged↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Lower respiratory tract infection therapy--the role of ciprofloxacin.

Lower respiratory tract infections account for a large proportion of prescribed antibiotics and, with emerging resistance to standard agents, the introduction of the fluoroquinolones, in particular ciprofloxacin, has provided a further component in the armamentarium. This review encompasses 37 published clinical trials which featured ciprofloxacin; 3274 patients with lower respiratory tract infections were treated with this agent; in 94.1% of patients treatment was clinically successful and 90.9% of cases showed eradication of the causative pathogen. When these data were supplemented with previously unpublished information from the clinical trial database, specific organism eradication rates of 86.1%, 96.2% and 94.6% for Streptococcus pneumoniae, Haemophilus influenzae and Moraxella catarrhalis, respectively, were observed. These findings suggest that the high respiratory tissue penetration of ciprofloxacin and the achievable minimum inhibitory concentrations lead to acceptable clinical outcomes in lower respiratory tract infections.

Adult↗
PubMed2003

A Web-based compendium of clinical questions and medical evidence to educate internal medicine residents.

The authors designed an electronic database of clinical questions (CQs) and medical evidence and implemented it in 2001-02 at Duke University Medical Center and the Veterans Administration Medical Center in Durham, North Carolina. This Web-based data collection system is called the Critical Appraisal Resource (CAR) and is still in operation. This report is of ten months of the system's operation. During their medicine ward rotations, residents entered CQs into the CAR; they also entered Medline reference links and validated article summaries. Residents' utilization of the CAR database, Medline, and other electronic resources was prospectively measured. In addition, residents were prospectively surveyed regarding the impact of each question and associated reference on medical decision making for individual patients. Over ten months, residents entered 625 patient-based CQs into the CAR and were able to obtain useful information from the medical literature on 82% of the CQs they searched. The two most prevalent CQ types were therapy and diagnosis questions (53% and 22%). Sixty percent of the therapy articles considered useful were reports of randomized controlled trials. Residents obtained 77% of their useful data from Medline. They reported that obtaining useful data altered patient management 47% of the time. Residents used the CAR as a resource, searching the database for information 1,035 times over the study period. In summary, the use of an evidence-based critical appraisal resource led residents to engage the medical literature on behalf of their patients and influenced approximately half of their patient-care decisions. Residents benefited from questions previously searched by other residents, allowing them to address a wider spectrum of CQs during ward rotations.

Clinical Trials as Topic↗
PubMed2000

A process for ensuring optimal cardiovascular intervention and identifying candidates for glycoprotein IIb/IIIa receptor inhibitor therapy.

Data from trials with glycoprotein (GP) IIb/IIIa receptor inhibitors have led to a new standard of care for patients with unstable angina or non-wave myocardial infarction (MI) who are undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention. Additional data are necessary to compare patient responses to various GP IIb/IIIa agents in a nontrial setting with results from clinical trials. Seton Medical Center has designed a database to accommodate this task. Data from >20,000 patients have been collected since 1979 and the interventional experience from the years 1997 through 1999 has been analyzed for patients who were candidates for receiving these agents. The data are being used to evaluate the outcomes of therapy and to devise models that can stratify patients according to risk, thereby ensuring optimal cardiovascular intervention and choice of the most cost-effective GP IIb/IIIa inhibitor agent.

Abciximab↗
PubMed1989

A microcomputer-based clinical trial database incorporated with an 'audit trail' for correction process.

Multicenter clinical trials usually involve several hundred research variables with tens of thousands of records and require mainframe computers for processing. Because of recent advances in hardware and software, it has become possible to support data management and statistical analysis for a complex research project totally on a microcomputer. The Veterans Administration Cooperative Studies Program Coordinating Center (CSPCC) in Hines, IL, U.S.A. has successfully implemented three studies employing the SIR/PC Database Management System (DBMS) on an IBM PC AT. The CSPCC DBMS was designed with a method of verifying data and of updating the database, that leaves a more detailed 'audit trial' of the original data and subsequent modifications than provided by the SIR audit trail facility. Data validation can be done at any time throughout the study to facilitate error identification as early as possible in the data handling process. DBMS operation and maintenance are automated by a system of menus. The utility programs are prestored in a procedure file to optimize performance. The simple design speeds implementation and also reduces the cost of development.

Clinical Trials as Topic↗
PubMed1991

ABLEDATA: a database of products for the disabled.

ABLEDATA (ABLE), a database funded by the National Institute on Disability and Rehabilitation Research (NIDRR) of the U.S. Department of Education and produced by the Adaptive Equipment Center of Newington Children's Hospital, Newington, Connecticut, provides information on more than 17,000 rehabilitation products from over 2,000 manufacturers in the U.S. and Canada. ABLE, which is available through BRS Search Service, BRS Colleague, and BRS After Dark, is a useful resource for rehabilitation professionals and others who wish to locate appropriate assistive devices for all categories of disabled persons.

Canada↗
PubMed1993

The safety of sumatriptan in asthmatic migraineurs.

A recent report has questioned the safety of sumatriptan in asthmatic migraineurs. To investigate this, we have reviewed the sumatriptan clinical trial safety database of over 75 completed trials. Within the clinical trial database, 375 asthmatic patients were identified who treated 1214 migraine attacks with sumatriptan. The incidence and nature of adverse events in the asthmatic patient subgroup who received sumatriptan was similar to that in the complete clinical trial population. Six reports of asthma were recorded as adverse events, but only one case was classified by the investigator as related to treatment. There is no clinical or pharmacological evidence to suggest that the safety profile of sumatriptan is altered in asthmatic patients compared to other migraine sufferers.

Asthma↗
PubMed2002

Management of data from clinical trials using the ArchiMed system.

Clinical trials constitute a key source of medical research and are therefore conducted on a regular basis at university hospitals. The professional execution of trials requires, among other things, a repertoire of tools that support efficient data management. Tasks that are essential for efficient data management in clinical trials include the following: the design of the trial database, the design of electronic case report forms, recruiting patients, collection of data, and statistical analysis. The present article reports the manner in which these tasks are supported by the ArchiMed system at the University of Vienna and Graz Medical Schools. ArchiMed is customized for clinical end users, allowing them to autonomously manage their clinical trials without having to consult computer experts. An evaluation of the ArchiMed system in 12 trials recently conducted at the University of Vienna Medical School shows that the individual system functions can be usefully applied for data management in clinical trials.

Austria↗
PubMed1996

A model for storage and retrieval of theoretical medical knowledge.

A database model for structure and access of theoretical medical knowledge is presented. The basic principle is the organization of knowledge in three dimensions: Each topic--first dimension--is explained with media--second dimension--in different versions of varying details--third dimension--suitable for different users. Every topic is one database entry. Topics are interconnected with heading and sub-topics (tree structure) and to logically related topics (cross references). Access follows the 3D-concept with initial access by topic, by media, or user specific, and with intra-unit access to related topics, media, and user specific versions. The model is discussed and possible implementations are described.

Computer-Assisted Instruction↗
PubMed2002

A global livestock production and health atlas (GLiPHA) for interactive presentation, integration and analysis of livestock data.

An interactive electronic atlas has been developed with the purpose of providing a scaleable overview of spatial and temporal variation in animal production and health-related information for decision and policy makers in national and international institutions. The information contained in the atlas is currently managed and presented using the Key Indicators Mapping System (KIMS), and will also be integrated using the Key Indicators Database System (KIDS). Both systems were developed by the World Agricultural Information Centre of the FAO (FAO-WAICENT), the former as a stand-alone application and the latter for access via the Internet. Components of the atlas include vector maps, livestock disease and production databases, rules for country-level disease risk classification and 'disease cards' containing basic background information on diseases included in the atlas. The disease data is currently based primarily on Office International des Epizooties (OIE) disease reports, and the livestock production data on the FAO-WAICENT database. The atlas is highly interactive and allows visual presentation of information using maps, tables and charts. It also contains links to relevant resource information on the Internet. Diseases covered in the animal health layer include most OIE List A diseases and a subset of OIE List B diseases. Extensive analyses have been conducted to develop a set of qualitative and semi-quantitative criteria that allow improved disease status classifications based on 5-years cumulative OIE disease reports, and official disease control declarations. Classification rules were determined depending on the epidemiological features of each disease and considering spatial heterogeneity of disease presence in local regions.

Animal Diseases↗
PubMed1998

Bridging studies.

The duplication of usually large-scale efficacy trials to generalise the clinical database of a new vaccine to other populations can be avoided by bridging studies. Immunogenicity data can easily be used to extrapolate efficacy results when the immune response correlates with vaccine induced immunity. In the absence of such a correlate of protection, the bridging process will be more controversial. Previous experiences should be valuable in identifying the factors, either ethnic or vaccine-related that may have an influence on vaccine efficacy. The probability that such a factor is associated with a clinically significant difference in efficacy is critical to the decision to conduct a bridging study. Bridging studies are designed to demonstrate equivalent immunogenicity i.e. exclude a clinically significant difference in the immune response between the population in whom efficacy was shown and the population to whom those efficacy results are extrapolated.

Clinical Trials as Topic↗
PubMed1997

Analyzing the research record of an institution's list of faculty publications.

Few health sciences libraries maintain databases and produce bibliographies of the publications of their institution's faculty. By offering such services, libraries can provide faculty members with a qualitative analysis of where and how their research is cited and its impact in the fields of biomedicine and related health sciences. Journal Citation Reports (JCR), produced by the Institute for Scientific Information, is a powerful tool that provides information on citations appearing in the largest, most frequently used, most cited, and highest-impact journals. This paper discusses the role libraries play in providing information about faculty publications, reviews how JCR is used by libraries, discusses how the Ehrman Medical Library of the New York University Medical Center uses JCR, and makes recommendations for the use of JCR to strengthen the librarian's role in providing information to faculty about the value of their research.

Bibliographies as Topic↗