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PubMed2004

Utility of high-performance liquid chromatography in the characterization of iatrogenic sodium diatrizoate-induced seizures in a horse.

Diagnostic evaluation of a mildly ataxic young gelding Quarterhorse included a contrast myelogram. Unfortunately, sodium diatrizoate was inappropriately administered by intrathecal injection resulting in severe unrelenting seizure activity and necessitated the destruction of the animal. The contrast agent was identified by analyzing cerebrospinal fluid by high-performance liquid chromatography and confirmed with probe mass spectrometric analysis. This contrast agent is highly ionic, has high osmolarity, and also blocks neurotransmission at specific receptors; for these reasons it is contraindicated for use in myelography. This is the first report of intrathecal administration of this agent in a horse, although there has been a previous report of similar untoward reactions in a dog, and numerous cases have been reported in humans.

Animals↗
PubMed1993

Evaluation of "Gastromiro" for bowel opacification during computed tomography: comparison with diatrizoate and barium sulphate.

A new oral formulation of iopamidol, "Gastromiro", was evaluated as a bowel contrast agent during abdominal computed tomography (CT). Comparison was made with the well established agents sodium/meglumine diatrizoate ("Urografin 370") and dilute barium sulphate ("E-Z CAT") in a randomized, blind study of 150 consecutive patients undergoing abdominal and/or pelvic CT. Parameters assessed included quality of bowel opacification, artefact generation, contrast-medium palatibility, side effects and cost. No significant difference was found between the three contrast media in stomach- or small-bowel opacification. E-Z CAT was superior at opacifying the caecum/ascending colon. No compelling reason to choose a particular agent was found in the other assessed parameters, but cost is a significant factor.

Administration, Oral↗
PubMed2004

Treatment for a severe reaction to intravenous administration of diatrizoate in an anesthetized horse.

A mature horse developed acute signs of bronchoconstriction causing hypoxemia and hypercapnia during anesthesia for computerized tomography of the maxillary sinus after i.v. administration of diatrizoate contrast medium. The horse was treated with aerosolized albuterol, atropine, and oxygen insufflation and recovered uneventfully despite severe hypoxemia and low hemoglobin saturation. The horse's condition continued to improve after treatment, and the horse was discharged with no further complications. Caution is advised with the use of contrast media in anesthetized horses.

Aerosols↗
PubMed1992

Influence of contrast media on single nephron glomerular filtration rate in rat kidney. A comparison between diatrizoate, iohexol, ioxaglate, and iotrolan.

The effects of slow (10 min) i.v. infusions of contrast media (CM, 1,600 mg I/kg b.w.) on single nephron glomerular filtration rate (SNGFR) in the rat kidney were investigated using a micropuncture technique. Diatrizoate, iohexol, or ioxaglate did not change SNGFR, although a tendency towards a transient suppression was seen during the infusion phase. Iotrolan infusion, however, decreased SNGFR (p < 0.05) and the value still remained below the control value 25 min after the start of infusion. Iotrolan is a nonionic dimeric CM and has a lower osmotic effect in the tubules than the ionic dimeric CM and the monomeric CM when given in iodine equivalent doses. These characteristics of iotrolan have probably some influence on the depression of SNGFR after iotrolan injection.

Animals↗
PubMed1990

Iopromide versus diatrizoate. A comparative study of adverse reactions.

One hundred patients were at random given an intravenous injection of equal amounts of either diatrizoate or iopromide. Subjective patient discomfort and objective parameters of adverse reactions were recorded. There were significantly fewer patients with adverse effects in the iopromide group, both as an overall estimate and especially for heat sensation, nausea and increase in heart rate. Iopromide is recommended for increased patient safety.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1986

The frequency of hyperamylasemia after ERCP with diatrizoate and iohexol.

The frequency of hyperamylasemia was examined in 88 consecutive patients undergoing ERCP (endoscopic retrograde cholangio-pancreaticography) using either meglumine diatrizoate at 306 mgI/ml., or iohexol at 240 mgI/ml. There was no difference in the incidence of hyperamylasemia between these two groups of patients, nor did any other factors appear to influence its occurrence. The authors conclude that acute hyperamylasemia after ERCP is a complication of relatively minor importance unlikely to be reduced by the use of low osmolality contrast media.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

Pharmacokinetics of iohexol, iopamidol, iopromide, and iosimide compared with meglumine diatrizoate.

Four nonionic contrast media (iohexol, iopamidol, iopromide, and iosimide) are compared in this clinical study in their pharmacokinetic behavior with an ionic reference preparation (meglumine diatrizoate). At a dose of 1 ml of contrast medium per kilogram of body weight with approximately the same iodine content, virtually no differences could be established in the pharmacokinetic behavior. The osmotic diuresis of the ionic substance, compared with that of the nonionic preparations--implies an increased osmotic diuresis, thus, a lower maximal iodine concentration in the urine. The elderly patients included in this study have a reduced glomerular filtration rate, which in turn implies a prolonged half-life in the blood and a retarded renal elimination.

Aged↗
PubMed1983

A controlled clinical trial of iohexol and diatrizoate in aortofemoral angiography.

Iohexol is a recently synthesized non-ionic low-osmolar contrast medium. It has been compared to the conventional ionic hyperosmolar contrast medium diatrizoate (Urografin 60%) in a randomized double-blind crossover study of aortofemoral angiographies of 50 consecutive patients. The intraarterial blood pressures, the pulse rate and ECG were recorded continuously and the reactions of pain and warmth were evaluated. Iohexol caused significantly less haemodynamic changes than Urografin and also the pain reactions were significantly reduced. The quality of the angiograms was equal.

Adult↗
PubMed1984

[Comparison of the side effects of urographic contrast media (iothalamate, diatrizoate, iodamide, iopamidol) within the scope of a CT study].

In 1465 patients the side effects of urographic contrast media for enhancement in CT were compared. The results show that the reaction frequency with iotalamate is 5.1%, with diatrizoate 7.0% and with iodamide 8.9%, but only 0.5% with iopamidol. The number of incidents to be expected with iopamidol is one decimal place lower. Obviously this has to do with its low osmolality. On the other hand we interpret the comparatively slightly higher incidence rate when using iodamide as a result of its higher lipophilic nature.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1994

Serum electrolyte and protein changes after intravenous injection of sodium and meglumine diatrizoate (urograffin-370).

Serum electrolyte and protein changes in 35 Nigerian patients undergoing intravenous urography were evaluated after injection of 60 mls sodium and meglumine diatrizoate (Urograffin-370). Statistically, significant changes were noted in the values of serum calcium, proteins and albumin at 5 and 30 minutes after the injection (P < 0.005). The mean percentage decreases noted were calcium 13%, protein 17% and albumin 13%. At 30 minutes post-injection, the serum protein and albumin levels had incompletely recovered while calcium values continued to decrease. Non-statistically, significant changes were observed in the values of serum sodium, potassium and phosphate at 5 and 30 minutes respectively following contrast medium injection. Alterations in the levels of serum electrolytes especially calcium are most probably responsible for such adverse effects as convulsions and cardiac arrhythmias.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1979

Diatrizoate meglumine (Hypaque) treatment for sudden hearing loss.

During the 24 month period ending in December 1978, 31 patients with sudden idiopathic sensorineural hearing loss were treated with vasodilators and Hypaque. Fifteen patients met the treatment criteria of being treated within the first month following onset, no vertigo, and the hearing loss was not complete. Twelve patients (80%) had complete return of their hearing. Two patients (13%) had partial return of their hearing, and 1 patient (6%) had no response to treatment. Of the 16 patients treated who did not meet the criteria, 6 patients (38%) had complete return of their hearing. Eight patients (50%) had partial return of their hearing and 2 patients (12%) had no return of their hearing.

Adult↗
PubMed1978

Peripheral corneal infiltrates following intravenous injection of diatrizoate meglumine.

A 66-year-old white man developed bilateral peripheral corneal infiltrates on two separate occasions after intravenous injections of a radiopaque dye containing iodide. To our knowledge this is the first case of drug-induced ocular hypersensitivity reaction associated with the administration of these dyes and manifesting with peripheral corneal infiltrates.

Aged↗