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PubMedDate not supplied

Evaluation of surgical diathermy units.

As part of the continuing comparative evaluation programme of medical equipment, sponsored by the UK Health Departments, the evaluation of Surgical Diathermy Units is being carried out by staff of the Bioengineering Unit at Cardiff Royal Infirmary. 'Health Equipment Information' ('HEI') Number 184, published in June 1988 contains reports on a further eight surgical diathermy units, the Bard System 3000, the Bard System 5000, the Concept 9900E, the Downs Diadon 450 P2, the Eschmann TD 411, the GU Solstar-I, the Thackray T300S, and the Valleylab SSE4/Force 4. Summaries of the following, which have been the subject of previous evaluation reports and are still available are also included: the Eschmann TD 311 and the GU Turner-Warwick 332A.

Electrocoagulation↗
PubMed1995

Isotonic mannitol and the prevention of local heat generation and tissue adherence to bipolar diathermy forceps tips during electrical coagulation. Technical note.

The authors observed temperature levels of saline and mannitol on the tips of bipolar diathermy forceps during application of power to the forceps and compared the effects of irrigation with saline and isotonic mannitol on electrical coagulation of vessels during neurosurgical operations. There was a marked rise in the temperature of saline corresponding to increased output power of the coagulator; there was no rise in the temperature of the mannitol. Irrigation with isotonic mannitol during surgery resulted in a considerable reduction of adherence of burned tissue and blood clots to forceps tips during coagulation of both arteries and veins compared with that which occurred during irrigation with saline. These results demonstrate that irrigation with an isotonic mannitol surpasses that with conventional ionic fluids, such as a saline, for prevention of both tissue adherence to bipolar diathermy forceps and removal of heat generated during electrical coagulation.

Burns↗
PubMed2000

A comparison of dissection-method and diathermy tonsillectomies.

OBJECTIVE: To compare the dissection and diathermy methods of tonsillectomy and evaluate their advantages and disadvantages during surgery and convalescence. METHODS AND SETTING: Patients who had tonsillectomy at Aga Khan University Hospital, between January 1994-December 1997. RESULTS: Four year retrospective analysis was done of 200 patients who underwent tonsillectomy by either electrocautery or dissection method. One hundred and eleven underwent tonsillectomy by electrocautery and the other 79 had their tonsils removed by dissection-method and 2 had a combination of both. The average intra-operative blood loss was 10 ml with cautery and 65 ml with dissection method. The average operative time was 15.7 minutes with cautery and 26.9 minutes for dissection. We found higher amounts of blood loss and intra-operative time with dissection method than electrocautery. In comparing diathermy dissection method tonsillectomies, there was marked diffference between two, in peri-operative blood loss and operative time. CONCLUSION: Although post-operative bleeding, pain and infection are complications of both techniques and in our study their incidence in similar in both, but intra-operative blood loss and time are two important factors, based on which we can conclude that electrocautery technique is a more effective technique in our set up.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1975

Optimized underwater diathermy for vitreous surgery.

The properties of radio frequency (RF) diathermy currents are briefly reviewed. The inadequacy of damped currents is stressed. The recommended machine generates a frequency of 13.56 MHz. It has a power amplifier, crystal control, coaxial lead from machine to handle, and an impedance of 200 ohms. The two types of electrodes and handles described are shielded from the electrode tip to the diathermy machine. One has a short handle, and an electrode angulated at 35degrees, used in open-sky vitrectomies. The other has a longer handle and straight probe, and is provided with a system for saline infusion. It is used in closed transscleral operations. Electrodes require 35 to 50% more current when used underwater than when used on dry sclera. If charring of tissue is to be avoided, it is advisable to keep the intensity near the level at which gas bubbles form at the electrode tip. Blood vessels can be closed reliably and safely with these electrodes.

Animals↗
PubMed2001

[The effect of submucosal diathermy to the inferior turbinates on nasal airway resistance].

OBJECTIVE: The main purpose of the study is to observe the effect of submucosal diathermy to the inferior turbinates on nasal airway resistance (NAR). METHOD: Using active anterior rhinomanometry, NAR were measured in seventeen patients who suffered from chronic rhinitis before and post operation. The subjective impression of their nasal patency was assessed using a 10-point scale. RESULT: The NAR is(0.662 +/- 0.22) kPa.s/L before operation and (0.302 +/- 0.17) kPa.s/L three months after operation. The NAR is 0.397 +/- 0.25 ten months after operation. The differences are statistically significant (P < 0.01) between the NAR before and post operation. There are significant differences in the subjective impression of patients' nasal patency as well (P < 0.01). CONCLUSION: Submucosal diathermy to the inferior turbinates is effective in decreasing NAR and improving the subjective impression of their nasal patency.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1992

[The results of the endoscopic diathermy coagulation of hemorrhaging gastroduodenal ulcers].

The authors analysed the results of endoscopic diathermy coagulation of bleeding acute gastroduodenal ulcers in 83 patients; in 47 of them the follow-up period ranged from 12 months to 9 years. A stable hemostatic effect was achieved in the early periods after coagulation of the acute ulcers in 76% of cases. The frequency of recurrent bleeding was found to be directly dependent on the degree of the blood loss. Recurrent bleeding from acute ulcerations of the gastric mucosa in the late-term period was discovered authentically in only one patient. It was linked with medication with brufen for a long duration. Thus, endoscopic diathermy coagulation produced good results in arresting bleeding from acute gastroduodenal ulcers, particularly in patients with a very high operative risk.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1991

[Studies on intraocular hydrogen ion concentration. The effect of diathermy coagulation for normal albino rabbits' eye].

The vitreous and intra-retinal pH of anesthetized albino rabbits were measured using an antimony pH microelectrode (Micro Antimon pH Electrode No. 801, Diamond Electro-Tech Co. Ltd). The effect for the retinal pH was observed after regional choroidal circulatory disturbance was synthesized by trans-scleral diathermy. The results showed that the arterial blood pH was 7.45 +/- 0.03 (n = 24). The average vitreous pH was 7.41 +/- 0.11 (n = 24), which was almost equal to or slightly lower than that of the arterial blood. There were no statistical significance between the two. The average retinal pH was 7.31 +/- 0.11 (n = 22), which was lower statistically than that of the vitreous (p less than 0.01). The retinal pH was measured in the same way 3 weeks after the trans-scleral diathermy. Those within the coagulation scar showed pH value of 6.87 +/- 0.39 (n = 10). This is lower than those in a normal retina (p less than 0.01). This instrument allows continuous pH measurements of the intraocular tissue and therefore it is thought to be useful for the studies of retinal circulatory disturbances.

Animals↗
PubMed1991

[Correction of astigmatism by controlled bipolar scleral diathermy. Initial clinical experience].

Twelve eyes (9 patients with an average age of 35.3 years) were treated for astigmatism using temperature-directed bipolar scleral diathermy applied either directly to the limbus or 1 mm from it. The patients were then followed up for a period of 3 to 15 months. Using an electrode distance of 1 mm, diathermy was applied for 2.5-4.5 s until a scleral temperature of 60-65 degrees C was reached. A decrease in astigmatism from 9.5 dpt (s = 5.55) preoperatively to 1.7 dpt (s = 0.98) postoperatively was achieved as the final result. A further increase in astigmatism was noted up to the 3rd postoperative months of up to 5.4 dpt (s = 1.26). The refractive status achieved after this period proved to be stable. Retrogression of the initial effect varied according to the initial condition. Partial recurrence of astigmatism up to 5.16 dpt (s = 1.26) was observed within 6 months in cases of congenital astigmatism. In contrast, following IOL implantation. A further reduction of astigmatism up to 2.5 dpt 3 months postoperatively was noted after an initial reduction from 6.3 dpt (s = 0.25) preoperatively to 3.5 dpt (s = 1.08) postoperatively. Following perforating keratoplasty, one eye that had not been fitted with a contact lens showed a reduction in astigmatism of from 18 preoperatively to 1.2 dpt post-operatively after treatment. Nevertheless, an increase in astigmatism of up to 10.7 dpt was observed after 3 months. In cases with permanent contact lenses after keratoplasty, the situation was different.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Adult↗
PubMed1990

Histomorphochemical effects of shortwave diathermy on healing of experimental muscular injury in dogs.

The biceps femoris muscle was surgically incised and sutured in 10 clinically healthy mongrel dogs, aged 1-2 yr and weighing 10-15 kg. The surgical wounds of 5 dogs were exposed to shortwave diathermy for 5 min daily for 7 days, starting a day after the creation of trauma. The remaining 5 dogs served as control. After 15 days of healing, the tissues from biceps femoris muscle were collected and subjected to histomorphological and histochemical examination. Mature collagen bundles were seen at healing site in diathermy treated animals while there were immature collagen fibres and more number of fibroblasts in control animals. Normal muscle fibres could be seen on either side of the healing tissue in treated animals whereas in control animals, atrophied and necrosed muscle fibres were encountered. The neutral and acid mucopolysaccharides, lipid droplets in the intermyofibrillar area and the activity of alkaline phosphatase, adenosine triphosphatase and lactate dehydrogenase at the healing site was better in treated as compared to controls.

Animals↗
PubMed1985

[Diathermy and cryotherapy of the pars plana in the treatment of pars planitis. Long-term evaluation].

Seventeen eyes of 14 patients affected with severe pars planitis underwent surgical treatment with either cryotherapy - 3 eyes - or diathermy - 14 eyes. The indications for surgery were selected as follows: ten eyes of 9 patients showed recurrence(s) or increase of ocular inflammation following tapering of systemic corticoids; 5 patients had contra-indications to systemic corticoids. Ten eyes had cystoid macular edema. The follow-up after surgery varies from 2,5 years to 10 years with an average of 5 years. Complete and permanent recovery from ocular inflammation was achieved in 7 eyes (41,2%). Permanent although incomplete improvement was achieved in 4 eyes (23,5%). Recurrences of ocular inflammation after incomplete improvement occurred in 4 eyes (23,5%). Complications - cystoid macular degeneration and severe ocular hypotension - occurred in 2 eyes (11,8%). Cystoid macular edema cleared in 9 out of 10 eyes. The final visual acuity was the same or better as compared to the initial visual acuity in 10 eyes, and worse in 7 eyes. It is concluded that the long term evaluation of cryotherapy and diathermy in the treatment of pars planitis confirms the results achieved in other series with a shorter follow-up. The treatment is beneficial in selected cases of severe pars planitis. However complete and permanent recovery from ocular inflammation should be expected in less than 50% of the cases.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1979

The isolated circuit diathermy.

When using the conventional diathermy generator in surgery failure to apply the plate electrode can always present a serious risk of a thermoelectrical burn at any point where the patient makes contact with an earthed object on the operating table. The recent introduction of the earth-free (isolated circuit) diathermy should, under most conditions, provide complete protection against such risks. However, there are still certain circumstances under which even the isolated circuit may give rise to a thermoelectrical burn. Two such hypothetical examples are described; the sequences of events for these are fairly frequent occurrence.

Burns↗
PubMed1998

[Combination of diathermy and argon plasma coagulation in treatment of cicatricial esophageal stenoses].

Scar stenoses of the esophagus are caused by peptic reflux or following surgery of the upper gastrointestinal tract. Short scar cicatricial stenoses are difficult to treat and have a high recurrence rate. Pneumatic dilatations show a short term success. We treated 5 patients with a short scar esophageal stenosis after esophagogastrostomy (n = 3) and after esophagojejunostomy (n = 2). The main symptom was dysphagia. X-ray shows the length of the stenosis (max. 1.5 cm). The stenosis was cutted by diathermy in a starshape. In all 5 cases it was possible to achieve the wide lumen. There were no complications. The combination of diathermy and argon-plasma-coagulation is a safe method, rare of complications in the treatment of short scar stenosis of the esophagus.

Adult↗
PubMed1984

Retinal microincarceration with penetrating diathermy in the management of giant retinal tears.

A technique for repair of giant retinal breaks with detachment involves the performance of lensectomy-sector iridectomy, vitrectomy, and scleral buckling behind the equator. Total fluid-gas exchange is performed while the patient is turned to the prone position on a rotating table. Penetrating diathermy is used to fix the retina and to create retinal microincarceration while air is simultaneously injected into the eye.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2000

Effect of pulse repetition rate on the perception of thermal sensation with pulsed shortwave diathermy.

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Pulsed shortwave diathermy (PSWD) is a form of therapy commonly used to enhance tissue repair and reduce pain. It is normally considered to be an athermal form of treatment; however, there is some evidence to suggest that thermal effects can arise with adequate dosage. The purpose of this study was to determine the pulse repetition rate (PRR) required to generate a 'possible' and 'definite' thermal sensation when PSWD was applied to the thigh. METHOD: Thirty healthy subjects were randomly assigned to placebo or treatment groups. The treatment group was exposed to PSWD at a constant setting of pulse duration (400 microseconds) and pulse power (190 W) while the PRR was increased from 26 Hz to 400 Hz in 10 increments. Each dose was applied for a period of two minutes. At the end of each application, subjects were asked if they felt a (1) 'possible' or (2) 'definite' thermal sensation. Skin temperature was measured immediately after each application. Placebo subjects were exposed to PSWD at its lowest settings throughout the experiment (pulse power = 5 W; pulse duration = 65 microseconds and PRR = 26 Hz). RESULTS: The results showed a significant correlation (p < 0.048) between PRR at 'definite' thermal sensation and skin temperature post-treatment and PRR at 'possible' thermal sensation (p < 0.001). Mean skin temperature increased significantly as PRR was increased, from 28.69 (+/- 0.75) degrees C pre-treatment to 31.14 (+/- 1.04) degrees C post-treatment, a mean difference of 2.34 degrees C. CONCLUSIONS: These results suggest that PSWD at adequate dosages can generate thermal effects, and that there is a relationship between these thermal effects and the PRR used. These results may have significant implications for the safe use of PSWD in the clinical arena.

Adult↗
PubMed1980

Results of the treatment of neovascular glaucoma by diathermy of the dissected ciliary body.

The most usual treatment of neovascular glaucoma is suppression of the production of aqueous by means of coagulation of the ciliary body. In addition to cryocoagulation, diathermic coagulation of the exposed ciliary body by Benedikt and Hiti's method has been applied recently. The results which we obtained in 21 cases with this method are encouraging. In most cases the pain disappeared and the intraocular pressure decreased to below 30 mmHg. In half of the cases cryocoagulation was performed as well as diathermy.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1983

Intraocular diathermy coagulation.

Previously used transvitreal diathermy systems were found to be less than adequate. A new, safer 1.25 MHz medium frequency bipolar instrument is presented, which obviates most of the earlier drawbacks. Coagulation at the retinal surface can be obtained with as little as 0.15 J.

Diathermy↗
PubMed1990

Urological use of a disposable bipolar diathermy probe: an experimental in vivo study.

The effects of monopolar and bipolar diathermy systems were studied in 12 male Sprague-Dawley rats. Fulguration was achieved by application of a standard current (13 W for 1 s) on the foreskin. Tissue damage was assessed by light microscopy. Results suggest that bipolar probe causes less tissue damage than its monopolar counterpart. It has proved to be of value in plastic and paediatric procedures and is recommended for the urologist's armamentarium.

Animals↗
PubMed1997

Port site electrosurgical (diathermy) burns during surgical laparoscopy.

BACKGROUND: Direct and capacitive coupling of diathermy current have been reported as causes of occult injury during surgical laparoscopy. METHODS: In order to determine the incidence of electrosurgical injury adjacent to metal and plastic cannulas, skin biopsies at 19 port sites used for monopolar electrosurgery were analyzed for coagulative necrosis. Prior to surgery the cannulas were randomized to either metal or plastic. RESULTS: Coagulative necrosis was observed at nine electrosurgery port sites compared to only one control (chi2 = 4.872; df = 1; 0.05 > p > 0.02). Plastic cannulas afforded no greater protection from skin burns than metal cannulas. CONCLUSIONS: Burns may be the result of direct or capacitive coupling to metal cannulas or capacitive coupling to the skin edge across plastic cannulas. The potential exists for burns to other tissues also in close proximity to a cannula used for electrosurgery.

Biopsy↗