Bidding for a Medicaid contract.
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Competition among hospitals is commonly regarded as inefficient due to the medical arms race phenomenon, but most evidence for this hypothesis predates the Medicare prospective payment system and preferred provider legislation. Recent studies indicate hospital competition reduces costs and prices, but nearly all such research has focused on California. We add to the body of literature that analyzes the effects of competition in hospital markets. Using data from the state of Washington, we show that hospitals assume more risk in competitive markets by being more likely to accept prospective payment arrangements with insurers. If the arrangement is retrospective, the hospital is more likely to offer a discount as the number of competing hospitals increases. Both findings indicate that competitive forces operate the same in hospital markets as in most others: as the number of competitors increases, prices decrease and market power shifts from the suppliers to purchasers. The medical arms race hypothesis that favors more concentrated hospital markets no longer appears to be valid.
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Traditional episodic, fee-for-service medical care and indemnity-type insurance are rapidly being replaced by managed health care plans that often include financial risk assumption by health care providers. This paper describes the application of marketing principles to the evaluation and capture of capitated clinical laboratory and pathology services contracts. It includes a method for developing capitation rates and describes advantages enjoyed by hospital-based laboratories that enhance their competitiveness in the marketplace.
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