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Search indexed PubMed citations on genomics, clinical trials, systematic reviews and public health. Explore titles, authors and supplied subject terms, then open the PubMed record.

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At least 199 records · Page 11Linked to original sources
PubMed2002

Minimising antibiotic resistance to Staphylococcus aureus in developing countries.

OBJECTIVE: To assess the role of rational drug use and laboratory service in preventing the emergence of multiple antibiotic resistant Staphylococcus aureus in developing countries. DATA SOURCE: Literature search on compact disk-read only memory (CD-ROM) Medline and Internet using the key words: Staphylococcus and antibiotic resistance. A few articles were manually reviewed. STUDY SELECTION: Relevant studies or articles on antibiotic resistance with special reference to Eastern Africa, region are included in the review. DATA EXTRACTION: From individual studies or articles. DATA SYNTHESIS: Evidence for the spread of S. aureus multiple antibiotic resistance is synchronized under the headings: Introduction, current situation, antibiotic resistance control strategies, are outlined. CONCLUSION: There is need for concerted efforts between different groups to monitor changes in the epidemiology and antibiotic resistance of S. aureus. Strategies aimed at preventing transmission of resistant strains are remarkably effective when strictly enforced. Necessary attention should be given on the subject so that meaningful control measures preventing the expansion of antimicrobial resistance can be formulated, thereby ensuring the future successful treatment of Staphylococcal infections.

Africa, Eastern↗
PubMed2002

Combating cholera epidemics by targeting reservoirs of infection and transmission routes: a review.

OBJECTIVES: To determine the parameters which can be investigated for prevention and effective control of cholera. DATA SOURCES: Literature search on compact disk-read only memory (CD-ROM), medline and internet, using the key words: cholera outbreaks, and cholera transmission. A few reviews were manually reviewed. STUDY SELECTION: Relevant studies or articles on cholera outbreaks and transmission worldwide, with special reference to Kenya is included in the review. DATA EXTRACTION: From individual study or articles. DATA SYNTHESIS: Information on cholera epidemics worldwide and in Kenya is synchronized under the headings; Introduction, History and predisposing factors, Current situation, Bioecology and transmission patterns, and, Use of molecular epidemiological and geographic information system (GIS) techniques in mapping out the bioecology, reservoirs and transmission routes of cholera. CONCLUSION: Cholera can be prevented and controlled more effectively at environment level. This requires a multi-disciplinary approach including poverty alleviation.

Cholera↗
PubMed2002

Nosocomial infections in developing countries: cost effective control and prevention.

OBJECTIVES: To review the efficient and cost-effective preventive, control and surveillance measures that could be employed against nosocomial infections in developing countries. DATA SOURCES: Literature search on compact disk-read only memory (CD-ROM), Medline and Internet, using the key words: nosocomial infection, prevention and control, use of antibiotics and use of computers. Some articles were manually reviewed. STUDY SELECTION: Relevant studies or articles on nosocomial infections in developing and developed countries were included in the review. DATA EXTRACTION: From individual studies or articles. DATA SYNTHESIS: Information on nosocomial infections from developing and developed countries with some emphasis on Kenya is synchronized under the headings; introduction, historical background of nosocomial infections. Current situation of nosocomial infections and predisposing factors, nosocomial infections and antimicrobial resistance, consequences of nosocomial infections, hospital infection control programme and use of computers in nosocomial infection surveillance, and the cost benefit of infection prevention and control programme. CONCLUSION: Nosocomial infections may be contained more effectively by having an infection prevention and control programme. Computer-assisted epidemiological surveillance appears to be the most important aspect of monitoring infection control programmes, and to identify changes in risk factors that can increase the infection rate. Even minimally, effective infection control programmes are cost-effective. For the war against nosocomial infections to be won, the whole exercise should be handled as a global project with significant inputs from developing countries.

Causality↗
PubMed2002

Molecular markers in epidemiological monitoring of the spread of resistance to antimalarials: a review.

OBJECTIVE: To review the prevalence and distribution of resistance to chloroquine and pyrimethamine-sulphadoxine combination and the use of molecular markers for monitoring the spread of the resistance. DATA SOURCES: Literature search on compact disk-read only memory (CD-ROM), Medline and Internet, using the key words: Malaria and epidemiology, malaria and resistance, sulphadoxine-pyrimethamine resistance and chloroquine resistance. Some articles were manually reviewed. STUDY SELECTION: Relevant studies or articles on resistance to chloroquine, sulphadoxine pyrimethamine combination and other antimalarials and molecular resistance markers from various sources are included in the review. DATA EXTRACTION: From individual study or articles. DATA SYNTHESIS: Information on antimalarial resistance is harmonised under the headings; Introduction, Prevalence and distribution of resistance to antimalarials, Use of molecular markers for epidemiological monitoring of antimalarial resistance. CONCLUSION: The spread and status of resistance to sulphadoxine-pyrimethamine (SP) and chloroquine should be monitored constantly in major health facilities. This will not only detect the emergence of resistance to these drugs but also generate information on the extent of resistance to these antimalarials. Mutations in the dhfr and dhps genes can be used as markers in SP resistance surveilance while the presence of pfcrt mutations thought to confer resistance should also be analysed to ascertain whether they truly correlate to the resistance patterns that have been observed in various malarious regions. Little is known on the interaction and exact role(s) of PfCRT protein in conferring the resistance trait.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Awareness and adoption of a nationally disseminated dietary curriculum.

OBJECTIVE: To identify regional, organizational, and personal characteristics that predict awareness and adoption of a dietary curriculum training and CD among educators. METHODS: A cross-sectional study of educators (n=675) representing 48 states report program awareness and factors that influenced adoption. RESULTS: Among those surveyed, 354 educators were aware (52%) of the CD and 192 educators adopted it (54%). Adopters were nearly 8 times more likely to identify training time and nearly 7 times more likely to identify CD training method as influencing adoption. CONCLUSION: Although regional and organizational characteristics are predictors of awareness, these variables were less likely to predict adoption of such programs.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2001

[New coronary imaging modality. I. Digital angiography (cineless) and low-energy digital fluoroangioscopy systems].

The advent of digital medical imaging offered unique new possibilities of analyzing, visualizing and communicating medical images. This article reviews the impact of the digital technology in the cardiac catheterization laboratory and covers a range of topics such as the standard DICOM, the transition to cineless angiography, the digital cardiac archive, the network system for imaging exchange and the role of the cardiac digital mobile imaging systems.

Angiography, Digital Subtraction↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Alegent's new Internet News Center. Reporters receive CD by way of introduction.

Alegent Health, Omaha, Neb., revised its News Center page on alegent.com, last September, with the idea of making information easy to find, easy to use, and available 24-7. The hospital then promoted the news center by means of an attractive direct mail piece containing an introductory CD.

Community-Institutional Relations↗