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PubMed2004

Ecstasy use in South Africa: findings from the South African Community Epidemiology Network on Drug Use (SACENDU) project (January 1997-December 2001).

This article provides descriptive surveillance information about the extent and consequences of Ecstasy use for five sentinel sites in South Africa. From January 1997 to December 2001, data were gathered on a biannual basis from multiple sources, including specialist treatment centers, trauma units, school students, rave party attendees, and from police and arrestees. Indicators point to relatively low levels of Ecstasy use in South Africa. Demographic characteristics of Ecstasy consumers in South Africa were identified. Ecstasy is predominantly used among White South African youth of both genders, with the age of users decreasing over recent years. The use of Ecstasy is, however, increasing among other population groups. Some emerging health risks associated with club drug use were identified, including the use of Ecstasy in combination with other substances. On the basis of this information, a number of policy recommendations are made. These are targeted at both Ecstasy demand reduction and harm minimization. The study points to the need for continued monitoring of Ecstasy use and its associated consequences in this country.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2004

Collaborative community empowerment: an illustration of a six-step process.

This article illustrates a method used in a community empowerment project where community members and university facilitators collaborated to increase the capacity of the community. The method may have practical uses in collaborations with community groups. The six-step process enabled the community groups to accomplish their short-term community goals: developing effective after-school programs and resolving problems of damaged homes and blighted properties in a relatively short time and continuing on their collaborative work. Having a social ecological model as a conceptual framework was helpful for the community to assess their status and develop action plans. Consistent community meetings, open communication, focused community leadership, community networking, and collaboration of community organizations and a university were the factors that reinforced the empowerment process. Challenges such as maximizing limited resources and generating more participation from the community need to be resolved while the reinforcing factors are cultivated.

Community Participation↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[HIV seroprevalence in patients seen at sexually-transmitted disease and family planning centers in Spain, 1995-1996. AIDS Programs of the Autonomic Communities and Network of sexually-transmitted disease, HIV and family planning centers].

BACKGROUND: The sexually-transmitted diseases (STD's) centers are good sentinels for monitoring the sexual transmitting of HIV. This study analyzes the results of voluntary HIV tests run in 1995 and 1996 within a network of STD, HIV and family planning centers in Spain. METHODS: Starting as of 1995, a questionnaire was sent out yearly to said centers for recording the number of individuals found to have HIV the previous year and the number of those who are proven to be HIV positive. A calculation of HIV incidence was based as a function of sex and the main HIV transmission categories. RESULTS: Eighty-one centers answered the survey in 1995, 78 having done so in 1996. Ninety-five percent of these centers ran the HIV test at the request of the interested parties. At the 39 centers which provided data regarding the HIV tests conducted in 1996, a total of 15,964 individuals had been tested. Positive: 4.8% (n = 760) (CI: 4.4%-5.1%). The HIV seroprevalence was higher for males (5.9%) than for females (2.6%; p, 0001). The highest HIV seroprevalence was found among injecting drug users (IDU's) (18.7%). On comparing HIV seroprevalence in 1995 with that of 1996, drops were detected in the number of homosexual/bisexual men from 7.4% to 6.1% (p = 0.049) and in women prostitutes, from 2.0% to 1.3% (p = 0.034). The Sexual partners of IDUs went from 3.4% to 4.6% (p = 0.267). CONCLUSIONS: These results provide a nationwide reference regarding HIV incidence among populations having high-risk sexual relations. The trend therein is favorable among homosexual/bisexual men and female prostitutes.

Adult↗
PubMed1988

Postdate pregnancy in a network of community hospitals: management and outcome.

The outcome of 116 postdate pregnancies managed by 14 family physicians in small community hospitals is compared with the outcome of term gestations in the same setting. The postdate pregnancies in this relatively unselected population showed an increase in incidence of macrosomia and fetal heart rate abnormalities similar to those reported from referral centers. The increases in incidence of meconium staining and low Apgar scores reported previously were not found. The postdate patients had more frequent induction, augmentation, and amniotomy, as well as a significant increase in primary cesarean section, decreased use of epidural anesthesia, and fewer assisted deliveries. These data suggest that the community physicians were attaining a favorable outcome in the postdate pregnancy by an active approach to induction and management of labor combined with abdominal delivery of the macrosomic infant showing evidence of fetal distress.

Apgar Score↗
PubMed2000

The Fort McMurray Demonstration Project in Social Marketing: theory, design, and evaluation.

CONTEXT: The Fort McMurray Demonstration Project in Social Marketing is a multifaceted program that applies the techniques of social marketing to health and safety. This paper describes the origins of the project and the principles on which it was based. VENUE: Fort McMurray, in the province of Alberta, Canada, was selected because the community had several community initiatives already underway and the project had the opportunity to demonstrate "value added." CONCEPT: The project is distinguished from others by a model that attempts to achieve mutually reinforcing effects from social marketing in the community as a whole and from workplace safety promotion in particular. DESIGN: Specific interventions sponsored by the project include a media campaign on cable television, public activities in local schools, a community safety audit, and media appearance by a mascot that provides visual identity to the project, a dinosaur named "Safetysaurus." The project integrated its activities with other community initiatives. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: The evaluation component emphasizes outcome measures. A final evaluation based on injury rates and attitudinal surveys is underway. RESULTS: Baseline data from the first round of surveys have been compiled and published. In 1995, Fort McMurray became the first city in North America to be given membership in the World Health Organization's Safe Community Network.

Adult↗