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At least 199 records · Page 11Linked to original sources
PubMed2002

Fluorescence intensity and lifetime distribution analysis: toward higher accuracy in fluorescence fluctuation spectroscopy.

Fluorescence fluctuation methods such as fluorescence correlation spectroscopy and fluorescence intensity distribution analysis (FIDA) have proven to be versatile tools for studying molecular interactions with single molecule sensitivity. Another well-known fluorescence technique is the measurement of the fluorescence lifetime. Here, we introduce a method that combines the benefits of both FIDA and fluorescence lifetime analysis. It is based on fitting the two-dimensional histogram of the number of photons detected in counting time intervals of given width and the sum of excitation to detection delay times of these photons. Referred to as fluorescence intensity and lifetime distribution analysis (FILDA), the technique distinguishes fluorescence species on the basis of both their specific molecular brightness and the lifetime of the excited state and is also able to determine absolute fluorophore concentrations. The combined information yielded by FILDA results in significantly increased accuracy compared to that of FIDA or fluorescence lifetime analysis alone. In this paper, the theory of FILDA is elaborated and applied to both simulated and experimental data. The outstanding power of this technique in resolving different species is shown by quantifying the binding of calmodulin to a peptide ligand, thus indicating the potential for application of FILDA to similar problems in the life sciences.

Algorithms↗
PubMed2006

The solid-state architecture of a metallosupramolecular polyelectrolyte.

Self-assembly of Fe(II) and the ditopic ligand 1,4-bis(2,2':6',2''-terpyridine-4'-yl)benzene results in equilibrium structures in solutions, so-called metallosupramolecular coordination polyelectrolytes (MEPEs). It is exceedingly difficult to characterize such macromolecular assemblies, because of the dynamic nature. Therefore, hardly any structural information is available for this type of material. Here, we show that from dilute solutions, where small aggregates predominate, it is possible to grow nanoscopic crystals at an interface. A near atomic resolution structure of MEPE is obtained by investigating the nanoscopic crystals with electron diffraction in combination with molecular modeling. The analysis reveals a primitive monoclinic unit cell (P2(1)/c space group, a = 10.4 A, b = 10.7 A, c = 34.0 A, alpha = gamma = 90 degrees , beta = 95 degrees , rho = 1.26 g/cm(3), and Z = 4). The MEPE forms linear rods, which are organized into sheets. Four sheets intersect the unit cell, while adjacent sheets are rotated by 90 degrees with respect to each other. The pseudooctahedral coordination geometry of the Fe(II) centers is confirmed by Mössbauer spectroscopy. The combination of diffraction and molecular modeling presented here may be of general utility to address problems in structural materials science.

Journal Article↗
PubMed2006

Analysis of triacetone triperoxide by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry and gas chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry by electron and chemical ionization.

The explosive triacetone triperoxide (TATP) has been analyzed by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS) and sub-nanogram detection limits are reported by ammonia positive ion chemical ionization (PICI), electron ionization (EI) and methane negative ion chemical ionization (NICI). Analysis by methane PICI and ammonia NICI gave detection limits in the low nanogram range. Analyses were carried out on (linear) quadrupole and ion trap instruments. Analysis of TATP by PICI using ammonia reagent gas is the preferred analytical method, producing low limits of detection as well as an abundant (greater than 60% of base peak) diagnostic adduct ion at m/z 240 corresponding to [TATP + NH4]+. Isolation of the [TATP + NH4]+ ion with subsequent collision-induced dissociation (CID) produces extremely low abundance product ions at m/z values greater than 60, and the m/z 223 ion corresponding to [TATP + H]+ was not observed. Density functional theory (DFT) calculations at the B88LYP/DVZP level indicate that dissociation of the complex to form NH4+ and TATP occurs at energies lower than peroxide bond dissociation, while protonation of TATP leads to cleavage of the ring structure. These results provide a method for pico-gram detection levels of TATP using commercial instrumentation commonly available in forensic laboratories. As a point of comparison, a detection limit of 15 ng was obtained by flame ionization detection.

Forensic Sciences↗
PubMed1972

The golden touch.

Explore the source record for details and available documents.

Christianity↗
PubMed2006

["Treating mankind honestly": medical innovation between market, public and science around 1800].

This contribution is based on a case study of Professor Gottfried Christian Reich (1769-1848) of Erlangen, who in 1799 published what he considered to be an infallible method of curing any illness associated with a fever. This paper shows how in the course of a published debate the focus shifted from a medico-scientific issue to a moral one. Furthermore, the experiments carried out at Berlin's Charité hospital by order of the Prussian Medical Authority illustrate how the public debate had an effect on the assessment of the empirical evidence produced. Overall, this case study demonstrates that we can use the history of a medical innovation as a means to highlight the interconnections between medical science, the public, and the market.

Entrepreneurship↗
PubMed1978

Principles of care and management in a laboratory animal facility.

The keeping of animals in an enclosed area and their use for scientific work goes back to the beginning of the Christian era. This activity gradually developed into the specific science we know today. Principles of housing, animal care, equipment and management according to which, it is felt a modern animal facility should be designed, equipped and operated, are discussed.

Animal Husbandry↗