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At least 199 records · Page 11Linked to original sources
PubMed1995

Temperature-induced micellar-lamellar transformation in binary mixtures of saturated phosphatidylcholines with sodium cholate.

The transition states of binary mixtures of dipalmitoyl- and dimyristoylphosphatidylcholines with sodium cholate at the reversible temperature-induced micellar-lamellar transformation were characterized by turbidimetry, electron microscopy, 31P NMR and differential scanning calorimetry. This transformation is triggered by the phospholipid acyl chain melting, and appears to include two structural pathways: (i) from discoidal mixed micelles to network-like structures composed of long interlaced rod-like micelles, then to multilayer membrane structures, and finally to multilamellar vesicles; and (ii) from discoidal micelles to membrane fragments and finally to unilamellar vesicles.

Calorimetry, Differential Scanning↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Three-dimensional reconstruction of cytochrome oxidase vesicle crystals prepared by cholate solubilization.

Cytochrome oxidase vesicle crystals with long-range order have been obtained from cholate-solubilized, highly purified reconstitutively active preparations. These crystals, which are suitable for electron-microscopic structure investigation, show pgg symmetry in the 0 degree projection. Using Fourier reconstruction and modified back-projection methods, a three-dimensional reconstruction has been obtained at a resolution of 25 A. Our structural results are in agreement with the model of Henderson et al. [J. Mol. Biol. 112, 631 (1977)] obtained for their Triton-derived crystals.

Cholic Acid↗
PubMed1996

Purification of fibroblast growth factor-2 from human placenta using tri(n-butyl)phosphate and sodium cholate.

Tri(n-butyl)phosphate (TNBP) and sodium cholate (SC) mixtures have been used to inactivate lipid-enveloped viruses like HIV and hepatitis B. We exploited the use of this combination to purify fibroblast growth factor-2 (FGF-2) from human placenta. Human placentas were extracted in the presence of 0.3% TNBP/0.2% SC and the clarified homogenate was adsorbed to S-Sepharose. The active fractions were further loaded onto a heparin-Sepharose column and purified FGF-2 was eluted with 2.0 M NaCl. FGF-2 purified this way was indistinguishable from FGF-2 purified without TNBP/SC in the extraction step in terms of yield, specific activity and biological response. The lipid-enveloped vaccinia virus was used in a parallel experiment to evaluate the inactivation capacity of our protocol. Under the conditions described here, the combined use of TNBP/SC did not eliminate but reduced significantly the number of vaccinia virus PFUs by log 2-3.

3T3 Cells↗
PubMed1986

Sterilisation of hepatitis and HTLV-III viruses by exposure to tri(n-butyl)phosphate and sodium cholate.

Blood product sterilisation with 0.3% tri(n-butyl)phosphate (TNBP)/0.2% sodium cholate (CA), a combination known to permit high recovery of factor VIII and factor IX, was evaluated for its effect on hepatitis B (HBV), non-A, non-B (NANB), and human T-lymphotropic type III (HTLV-III) viruses. 2 chimpanzees received factor VIII preparations contaminated with 10(4) chimpanzee infectious doses (CID50) of HBV and treated with TNBP/CA; neither had evidence of HBV infection during 9 months follow-up, but hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) developed 5 and 6 weeks, respectively, after challenge with untreated inoculum. 2 chimpanzees were similarly exposed to 10(4) CID50 of Hutchinson NANB inoculum treated with TNBP/CA; neither became infected during 26 weeks of follow-up but both had characteristic NANB-associated ultrastructural changes 3-5 weeks after exposure to untreated inoculum. 2 chimpanzees inoculated with 80 ml of TNBP/CA-treated factor VIII derived from a pool of thirteen lots obtained from five US manufacturers remained free of any evidence of NANB infection during 32 weeks of follow-up. Subsequently, NANB infection developed in both animals 3-4 weeks after exposure to untreated inoculum. Exposure of HTLV-III diluted into a factor VIII preparation to TNBP/CA inactivated greater than or equal to 10(4.2) tissue culture infective doses within 20 min at 24 degrees C.

Animals↗
PubMed1982

Resolution and activity of adenylate cyclase components in a zwitterionic cholate derivative [3-[(3-cholamidopropyl) dimethylammonio]-1-propanesulfonate].

Bovine brain adenylate cyclase was solubilized with 3-[(3-cholamidopropyl)dimethylammonio]-1-propanesulfonate (CHAPS), sodium cholate, sodium deoxycholate, or these detergents plus (NH4)2SO4. The specific activity of the extract obtained with 13 mM CHAPS alone was several times those of the other detergent extracts with or without (NH4)2SO4. After solubilization with 13 mM CHAPS, gel filtration completely separated the catalytic unit (C) from the guanine nucleotide binding protein (G/F). C activity when assayed with 5 mM Mn2+ was 5 times that assayed with 10 mM Mg2+ and was unresponsive to GPP(NH)P. C activity was increased approximately 150% by GPP(NH)P in the presence of G/F extracted from human erythrocyte ghosts and approximately 100% by Ca2+ plus calmodulin in assays with Mg2+. On gel filtration and/or density gradient centrifugation, the physical properties of C from brain or AC- cells and G/F from bovine or pig erythrocytes in CHAPs were similar to those observed in other detergents. It appears that the use of CHAPS for solubilization of adenylate cyclase and separation of C and G/F may well prove advantageous in studies of the molecular interactions between the protein subunits and activators of the enzyme as well as for the initial purification of C.

Adenylyl Cyclases↗
PubMed1974

The treatment of retained stones in the common bile duct with sodium cholate infusion.

Six patients with stones retained in the common bile duct after cholecystectomy and common duct exploration were treated by intraductal infusion of a sodium cholate solution. In the five patients whose stones were between the T-tube and the duodenum the treatment was successful within a few days. A stone became transiently impacted in the ampullary region soon after beginning therapy in three patients and produced mild pancreatitis in two. The only failure was in a patient whose stone was between the T-tube and the liver.

Adult↗
PubMed1993

Different relationships between cellular ATP and hepatic uptake among taurocholate, cholate, and organic anions.

Effects of cellular ATP content on uptake of cholate (CA) and organic anions (OAs; dibromosulfophthalein and benzylpenicillin) by isolated rat hepatocytes were investigated and were compared with that on taurocholate (TCA). Within 5 min of exposure to metabolic inhibitors (MIs), cellular ATP content fell to less than one-fifth of the control value, and the initial velocity of the total uptake of CA, Na(+)-independent uptake of CA and TCA, and the uptake of the OAs dropped in parallel with the decrease in cellular ATP. Whereas for the total uptake of TCA, the initial uptake remained virtually unchanged for a 5-min incubation with the MIs; a significant decrease in uptake was observed only after longer incubation times. Under variously ATP-decreased conditions, the initial velocity of the total uptake of CA and OAs was demonstrated to have a saturable relation to cellular ATP content, irrespective of exposure time to MIs. A difference in the Na(+)-dependent uptake of TCA and CA was also observed in terms of the inhibitory effect of the organic anion pravastatin. That is, the inhibition by pravastatin was partial for TCA uptake but almost complete for CA uptake. These findings suggest the following. 1) The mechanism of Na(+)-dependent CA uptake is different from that of TCA. 2) The Na(+)-independent uptake of bile acids and organic anions may be driven either by ATP hydrolysis (primary active transport) or by an as yet unidentified ion gradient that dissipates more rapidly than the Na+ gradient.

Adenosine Triphosphate↗
PubMed1986

Metabolism of cholate, 7 beta-hydroxy- and 12 beta-hydroxy-isocholates in the rat.

The three epimeric trihydroxy bile salts cholate (C), 7 beta-hydroxy-(7 beta) and 12 beta-hydroxy-(12 beta) isocholate were fed to rats by intubation or in the diet. All three bile salts were well absorbed 7 beta greater than C greater than 12 beta and underwent heavy biotransformations in the enterohepatic circulation 12 beta greater than 7 beta C. The result is a low concentration of unchanged administered bile salt in the bile salt pools, 12 beta less than 7 beta less than C, the percentage figures being 3, 20 and 35%, respectively, after 7 days feeding. In spite of this, the composition of the bile changes, less phospholipid and cholesterol being excreted in the bile per mumol bile salt after feeding, 7 beta and 12 beta compared to C. No significant increase in the faecal fat was seen in rats fed the beta-hydroxy bile salts. Only minor amounts of the radioactivity from the beta-hydroxy bile salts were secreted into the urine, and no more when compared to C.

Animals↗
PubMed1977

Treatment of retained bile duct calculi with T-tube infusion of sodium cholate and heparin.

A series of 26 patients with retained radiolucent bile duct calculi diagnosed at postoperative cholangiagrophy through the T-tube is presented. All patients were treated with infusion of 15-20 g sodium cholate in 1000 ml saline and 20,000 units of heparin in 1000 ml saline per 24 hours. In 19 of 26 patients (73 per cent) the calculi disappeared. No complications were encountered. This treatment is recommended prior to reoperation in all patients with retained radiolucent bile duct calculi diagnosed by postoperative cholangiography through the T-tube.

Adult↗
PubMed1985

Quantitative assays for evaluation of HTLV-III inactivation procedures: tri(N-butyl)phosphate:sodium cholate and beta-propiolactone.

Human T-lymphotropic retrovirus type III (HTLV-III) can be quantitatively assayed for infectivity by inoculation of serial dilutions into cultures of the H-9 cell line and testing for reverse transcriptase in the culture supernatants. Sequential harvests revealed that 14 days of incubation of cultures fed twice weekly was sufficient to reveal maximal titers. Stocks prepared from unconcentrated H9:HTLV-IIIb supernatants have contained from 10(4.5) to 10(6.0) (TCID50)/ml. Stocks prepared by 100-fold concentration of such fluids by pelleting or by polyethylene glycol precipitation followed by pelleting onto sucrose cushions contained 10(6.0)-10(6.5) TCID50/ml. Preliminary studies are under way to utilize this system for evaluation of sterilization processes which can be applied to blood derivatives. Exposure of HTLV-III suspended in Factor VIII preparations to 0.3% tri(n-butyl)phosphate-0.2% sodium cholate resulted in inactivation of greater than or equal to 10(4.5) TCID50 in 2.5 h at 27 degrees C. Exposure of HTLV-III suspended in 4 g of gamma-globulin per 100 ml to 0.14% beta-propiolactone for 4 h at room temperature at pH 8.0 inactivated greater than or equal to 10(4.5) TCID50. However, exposure to gamma-globulin alone inactivated about 99% of HTLV-III infectivity.

Cell Line↗
PubMed1989

[The bile cholate-cholesterol coefficient for assessing the causes of a protracted convalescence in patients with viral hepatitis].

Changes of the content of bile acids, cholate-cholesterol coefficient, bile acid fraction ratios in the bile were assessed in patients with viral hepatitis and chronic cholecystitis. A scheme is proposed for evaluation of bile bladder function considering four states: functional hypocholia, cholecystitis, threat of cholelithiasis. It is shown that in 23-28% protracted convalescence in viral hepatitis and manifested in prolonged blood serum ALAT activity is caused by the presence of subclinical form of cholecystitis.

Bile↗
PubMed1989

[Cholate-forming and cholesterol-secreting function of the liver in patients with ulcers after vagotomy].

The cholate-forming and cholesterol-excretory function of the liver was studied in patients with ulcer disease of the duodenum after different types of vagotomy--selective proximal vagotomy and selective proximal vagotomy with pyloroplasty. The patients revealed different degrees of disorders in the content of bile acids, their fractions, bile cholesterol as well as a dependence of these changes of the type of operation. The changes were more pronounced in patients undergoing selective proximal vagotomy as compared with those undergoing selective proximal vagotomy with pyloroplasty.

Cholesterol↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Effect of sodium cholate on the NADPH cytochrome P-450 reductase activity in the reconstituted rabbit pulmonary mixed-function oxidase system.

Solubilization, separation and purification procedures for rabbit pulmonary mixed-function oxidase (MFO) system have been shown to influence the NADPH cytochrome P-450 reductase component activity in the reconstituted system. The reductase activity as judged by cytochrome c reduction does not correlate with the reductase ability to interact with other MFO system components. Sodium cholate used in several solubilization and purification procedures may alter the reconstituted drug metabolizing activity.

Animals↗
PubMed1998

Interaction of sodium dehydrocholate and sodium cholate with polyvinyl pyrrolidone in aqueous medium.

The results of interaction of the bile salts sodium dehydrocholate (NaDHC) and sodium cholate (NaC) with the water soluble polymer polyvinyl pyrrolidone (PVP) studied by the methods of conductance, surface tension, viscosity and calorimetry are reported. Both of the bile salts exhibited PVP influenced self-aggregation. While NaC showed expected surface tension behaviour, NaDHC exhibited anomalous behaviour. The minimum interfacial area per molecule of the bile salt, the maximum interfacial adsorption, the free energy of micellization and the free energy of interfacial adsorption are presented for NaC. This information was not obtained for NaDHC because of its anomalous surface tension behaviour. The bile-salt-adhered PVP exhibited polyelectrolyte behaviour at PVP concentrations < 0.25 g dl-1. The enthalpy of interaction of NaC with PVP had a maximum at 0.25 mole dm-3 (delta Hi = +180 cal/mole); NaDHC produced too little heat to be detected by the calorimeter.

Cholic Acid↗