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At least 199 records · Page 11Linked to original sources
PubMed1991

HIV and chlamydia infections among prostitutes in Yaoundé, Cameroon.

Eleven selected prostitute leaders were recruited who subsequently recruited 157 of their peers, bringing the total to 168. Sera was collected and tested for antibodies to HIV-1 and HIV-2 using a commercial enzyme-linked immunoabsorbent assay (ELISA); positive cases were confirmed by Western Blot (Dupont). A direct immunofluorescent method was performed on smears from the endocervical junction. Twelve of 168 (7.1%) of the women tested were found to be HIV-1 positive; none were found positive for HIV-2. Sixty six of 168 (38.3%) were found to be Chlamydia trachomatis (CT) positive; three cases (1.8%) were found to be positive for both HIV-1 and CT. Prostitutes are a high risk group in Yaoundé for HIV and chlamydia infections. The results in this study may not reflect the seriousness of the situation given the selected population used. Similar studies still need to be carried out. Prostitutes need to be educated about AIDS, other STDs and the use of condoms to protect their clients and themselves.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2007

[Modern diagnosis of Chlamydia trachomatis infections].

Chlamydia trachomatis is the most frequent sexually transmitted bacterial infection. Tests to diagnose C. trachomatis infections include growth on cell culture and assays detecting bacterial antigens or nucleic acids. Until recently, culture was considered the gold standard of testing because of its high specificity. However, the sensitivity of culture is limited. Nucleic acid amplification tests (NATs) have the highest sensitivity and are almost as specific as culture. They are best suited for screening. Chlamydial antigen EIAs are considerably less sensitive and specific, resulting in low positive predictive values, especially when low-prevalence populations are studied. Thus, positive results of chlamydia antigen EIAs should be confirmed by another test.

Bacterial Typing Techniques↗
PubMed1999

Epizootiology of Chlamydia infections in two free-range koala populations.

The prevalence of Chlamydia pecorum and Chlamydia pneumoniae infections in two free-range koala populations was assessed using genus-specific PCR combined with species-specific DNA probe hybridisation. Population A had a very high overall level of chlamydial infection (85%) with significantly more of these infections being due to C. pecorum (73%) compared to C. pneumoniae (24%). The second population had a much lower prevalence of infection (10%) with equal levels of both species. An important finding of this study was that. while five of 24 C. pecorum-infected koalas had clinical signs of the disease (both ocular and urogenital sites), none out of seven C. pneumoniae-infected koalas had signs of clinical disease. This suggests that C. pecorum may be the more pathogenic of the two chlamydial species infecting this host. The level of infection (assessed by intensity of the specific hybridisation signal) also differed between chlamydial species, with C. pecorum infections ranging from low to high grade whereas C. pneumoniae infections were always low grade. When the age of infected koalas was examined, 58% of young, sexually immature koalas were found to have C. pecorum infections, increasing to 100% of koalas in the older age groups. This suggests that, in this population at least, young koalas are readily infected with C. pecorum from their mothers. While the infection levels with C. pneumoniae were too low to be statistically significant, again, sexually immature koalas were found to be infected. The recent separation of chlamydial infections in koalas into two species is beginning to indicate different epizootiologies for koala C. pecorum compared to koala C. pneumoniae.

Age Factors↗
PubMed1995

Role of CD8 T cells in primary Chlamydia infection.

The role of CD4 and CD8 T cells in primary Chlamydia trachomatis pneumonia was investigated by using in vivo depletion techniques to eliminate T-cell populations. Reduction of either CD4 T cells or CD8 T cells caused a significant increase in organism burden in the lungs, as measured by both quantitative culture and detection of chlamydial antigen on day 14 postinfection. Chlamydia-specific antibody levels in plasma or antigen-induced gamma interferon (IFN-gamma) production by spleen cells was dramatically reduced by depletion of CD4 cells. The reduction in IFN-gamma achieved by depletion of CD8 cells did not reach statistical significance. In the survival studies, depletion of CD4 cells led to a significant increase in mortality. Although there was a trend toward higher mortality, depletion of CD8 cells did not significantly increase mortality. The role of CD8 T cells in host defense was clarified in studies using beta 2-microglobulin-deficient (major histocompatibility class I antigen-deficient, C1D) mice which are defective in CD8 T-cell function. In this model, a significant increase in organism burden was seen during infection in C1D mice compared with that C57BL/6 controls and a significant increase in mortality was observed as well. However, surviving C1D mice were able to clear the infection by day 34. C1D mice had increased numbers of CD4 T cells in both the spleen and the lungs during infection compared with those of C57BL/6 controls. IFN-gamma in C57BL/6 mice was produced by both CD4 and CD8 cells. Thus, there is a protective role for both CD4 and CD8 cells in host defense against Chlamydia infection, but the former appear to be dominant.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Modern diagnostics of Chlamydia trachomatis infections.

Chlamydia trachomatis (C. trachomatis) is the most common agent of sexually transmitted infections. The clinical spectrum of the disease ranges from urethritis to infertility in women and to trachoma. Intracellular localisation of the pathogen creates a challenge for routine diagnostics. In this review possible diagnostic tests have been presented, varying from classic cell culture analysis and serodiagnostics (Enzyme-linked Immunoassays, Indirect Immunofluorescence) to the most sophisticated nucleic acid analyses (hybridisation, Polymerase Chain Reaction, Transcription Mediated Amplification, Ligase Chain Reaction), Advantages and disadvantages of the leading tests are discussed. Possible reasons of false positive as well as false negative results of genetic testing are presented.

Chlamydia Infections↗
PubMed2003

Screening for genital chlamydia infection: DNA amplification techniques should be the test of choice.

Our objective was to compare the sensitivities for the detection of Chlamydia trachomatis, of the ligase chain reaction (LCR) on first voided urine (FVU) specimens and enzyme immunoassay (EIA) on pooled endocervical/endourethral swabs from women and endourethral swabs from men. Men and women taking part in the UK chlamydia screening pilot were tested for chlamydia using LCR on a FVU. Patients attending genitourinary medicine clinics also had cervical and/or urethral swabs taken for chlamydia testing by EIA. In women, EIA on pooled swabs detected 575 of the 785 chlamydia positives and in men, EIA detected 209 of 351 positives. The sensitivity of EIA was 73% and 60% in women and men respectively. By using the EIA test, therefore, 27-40% of patients infected with chlamydia will be given a false negative result. We propose that it is unethical to use non-molecular testing in the future.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1979

[Chlamydia infections of the urogenital system].

During the last years Chlamydiae have been increasingly recognized as an important cause of urogenital infections. This paper is concerned with the classification, microbiology, cultivation and clinical findings of Chlamydiae, especially Chlamydia trachomatis, as causative agents of genital tract diseases.

Adult↗