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Electrocardiographic studies in African green monkeys (Cercopithecus aethiops).

Electrocardiograms obtained as part of a pre-experimental clinical examination were analyzed for a newly purchased group of 46 male African green vervets. In general, they were similar to electrocardiograms reported for other Old World species. An unexpectedly high prevalence (17%) of electrocardiogram abnormalities was found in this young (4--6 years of age) vervet population. The main abnormalities were nonspecific T wave flattening, left axis deviation, peaked P waves, RSR' patterns, and abnormally deep Q waves.

Animals

Reinfection of vervet monkeys (Cercopithecus aethiops) with Borrelia hermsii.

Two of 4 untreated vervet monkeys infected with Borrelia hermsii survived and were resistant to reinfection for at least 1 year. Seven of 9 vervets receiving tetracycline could be reinfected after 12 to 36 weeks. Immobilizine could be demonstrated for a shorter time in treated than in untreated vervets.

Animals

An experimental study of the central gustatory pathways in the monkey, Macaca mulatta and Cercopithecus aethiops.

1. The cortex at the base of the central fissure, that is the fronto-parietal operculum, represents primary sensory receptive cortex for gustatory modalities. 2. This primary receptive cortex for taste is linked to the anterior Island of Reil by short inter- and intracortical association fibers. Thus the anterior island is a gustatory association area involved in the subjective recognition of gustatory modalities. 3. The nucleus ventralis posteromedialis pars parvocellularis of the dorsal thalamus is the thalamic receptive nucleus for gustatory impulses in the macaque. 4. Fibers which originate at rostral glossopharyngeal levels from the dorsal visceral gray terminate in the contralateral mucleus ventralis posteromedialis pars parvocellularis.

Animals

Ultrastructure of sensory nerve terminals in the penis in green monkey (Cercopithecus aethiops sabaeus).

Tje paper describes the ultrastructure of axons in the endings of various types from the corium in the glans penis in green monkey. In the Meissner's endings the axons are mostly completely enveloped in the plasma of Schwann cells. They contain numerous mitochondria which are partially vacuolated or are quite converted into vacuoles. Next, there are pseudomyelinated figures, light vesicles and further organelles. In the papillar simple glomerular endings with accumulation of Schwann cells there are axons irregular in shape, eccentrically placed in the plasma of Schwann cell, rounded smaller axons either completely or partially surrounded by the plasma of Schwann cell and finally axons with a concentric system of lamellae up to four in number, In the complicated glomerular endings the axons vary in appearance and are enveloped in one to five lamellae of Schwann cells, which is typical of those formations. About some of these systems there is a sign of a capsule formed by an elongated lamella probably of the perineurium. When the axons are not enveloped in the plasma of Schwann cell, they are covered by the basement membrane. In close neighbourhood of the epidermis so-called free endings forming groups were found. The plasma of Schwann cell covers them either partially or completely or it again forms around them a lamellar system amounting up to four layers. It is noticeable that these axons are very poor in organelles. A comparison of the simple sensory corpuscles in the nose skin in hedgehog, the funtional properties of Meissner's endings and the simple corpuscles results in the view that the complexes having a larger amount of lamellae correspond to an extent to the simple sensory corpuscles ant that the Meissner's endings and the complicated glomerules are probably a morphological and functional equivalent of simple sensory corpuscles in the non-primate mammals and that the gloverular endings may also be the first (developmental) stage of the simple sensory corpuscles.

Animals

Effects of speed on forelimb joint angular displacement patterns in vervet monkeys (Cercopithecus aethiops).

Shoulder, elbow and wrist joint angular displacement patterns were analyzed for five vervet monkeys across increasing speed. Within symmetrical gaits, the peak positions of the pattern for each joint tended to decrease with increasing speed as did the yield angle of the elbow (more "yielding"). Across the walk(run)-gallop transition there were no notable changes in the displacement patterns, but there was a consistent decrease in the range of elbow movements and an increase in the yield angle. Across symmetrical gaits, there was also a tendency for some of the peak positions to decrease. These results are compared with those available for cats and dogs, and are interpreted relative to functional and neurological aspects of forelimb movements in primates.

Animals

Abnormal central visual pathways in the brain of an albino green monkey (Cercopithecus aethiops).

The visual pathways of an albino green monkey have been studied electrophysiologically and by autoradiographic methods. The monkey had a white coat and pink eyes; it had a strabismus and a nystagmus. When comparisons were made with normal macaque and green monkeys, several abnormalities could be defined. In the retina there was no foveal pit. A whole mount preparation showed a central area of high ganglion cell density in which the ganglion cells were significantly larger than the most central ganglion cells of a normal monkey. More peripheral retinal areas showed an apparently normal distribution of ganglion cell sizes and packing densities. Within the optic tract the number of uncrossed retinofugal fibers was less than normal, the part of the tract that represents central vision showing almost no uncrossed component. The uncrossed input to the lateral geniculate nucleus and to the superior colliculus was similarly reduced. Regions normally receiving ipsilateral afferents from the central retina were innervated exclusively by crossed afferents. The pathways to the magnocellular geniculate layers showed a more extensive abnormality than did the pathways to the parvicellular layers. Not only were the afferents to the geniculate layers abnormal, but the laminar pattern in the nucleus was also clear than normal in some parts of the nucleus, and there were a number of abnormal laminar fusions. Within the visual cortex it was possible to demonstrate a normal mapping of the contralateral visual field through the contralateral nasal retina and through the peripheral parts of the ipsilateral temporal retina. The central parts of the temporal retina mapped abnormally in the contralateral visual cortex, so that there was a monocular map of the central parts of the visual field forming as a mirror reversal of the normal map. The normal map of the contralateral hemifield formed columns that alternated with the abnormal map of the ipsilateral hemifield. The peripheral parts of the visual field were represented as ocular dominance columns, demonstrable electrophysiologically and also by the transneuronal transport of 3H-proline.

Animals