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PubMedDate not supplied

[The course of the period of adaptation and readaptation at the health resort-sanatorium stage of treating children with functional changes to the cardiovascular system].

Children with cardiovascular dysfunction on sanatorium treatment underwent adaptation which proceeds without pathological shifts and depends on initial functional status of a child. Readaptation was associated with more serious alterations. Critical periods of an unfavorable course of adaptation and readaptation are described. Corrective measures are considered with respect to cardiovascular, autonomous nervous and psychoemotional statuses.

Adaptation, Physiological↗
PubMed1998

Simultaneous changes of rhythmic organization in brainstem neurons, respiration, cardiovascular system and EEG between 0.05 Hz and 0.5 Hz.

Several neurons from different regions of the brainstem of anesthetized dogs were simultaneously recorded, together with various parameters of the cardiovascular system, respiration, efferent sympathetic neural activities and cortical activity. Often rhythmic changes of activity in the range 0.05-0.5 Hz could be observed in the simultaneously recorded signals. The rhythms were analysed in time domain and by power spectra and their changes depicted over the time. The most striking rhythms between 0.05 Hz and 0.5 Hz are the respiratory rhythm and those rhythms that originate in reticular neurons of the common brainstem system as well as their respective harmonics, i.e. the ranges around the integer multiple frequencies of these basic rhythms. The observed oscillations can vanish and reappear at times. Frequencies of basic oscillations and harmonics and their amplitudes are subject to distinct slow modulations. These modulations can have irregular as well as regular courses. The different rhythms can appear separately or simultaneously in the single signals. The most important phenomenon to be observed is that the rhythms mutually influence their frequencies, which follows the rules of 'relative coordination' as described by E. v. Holst. Such changes of rhythmic activities generally also concern the ranges of harmonics of the basic rhythms. Rhythmic influences on peripheral functional systems, e.g. the cardiovascular system, are most distinct at times when the different rhythms overlap in their frequency ranges. This holds not only for the ranges of basic frequencies, but also for the ranges of their harmonics. Further it was found that rhythms with the same basic frequencies may not only appear simultaneously, but also at various times in the different functional systems. The temporal course of changes of these rhythms, their interactions and their influence on the processing of cardiac rhythmic neuronal discharge patterns is demonstrated. The meaning of the mutually influencing rhythms for the functional organization of central nervous structures is discussed.

Animals↗
PubMed2002

The diverse molecular mechanisms responsible for the actions of opioids on the cardiovascular system.

The actions of opioid agonist and antagonist drugs have not been well characterized in the heart and cardiovascular system. This stems from the limited role opioid receptors have been perceived to have in the regulation of the cardiovascular system. Instead, the focus of opioid receptor research, for many years, relates to the characterization of the actions of opioid drugs in analgesia associated with receptor activation in the CNS. However, recent studies suggest that opioid receptors have a role in the heart and cardiovascular system. While some of these actions may be mediated by activation of peripheral opioid receptors, others are not, and may result from direct or receptor-independent actions on cardiac tissue and the peripheral vascular system. This review will outline some of the diverse molecular mechanisms that may be responsible for the cardiovascular actions of opioids, and will characterize the role opioid receptors have in several cardiovascular pathophysiological disease states, including hypertension, heart failure, and ischaemic arrhythmogenesis. In many instances, it would appear that the effects of opioid agonists (and antagonists) in cardiovascular disease models may be mediated by opioid receptor-independent actions of these drugs.

Arrhythmias, Cardiac↗
PubMed1994

Endocrine disorders affecting the cardiovascular system.

Endocrine disorders can affect the cardiovascular system in many ways. Patients admitted to an intensive care unit with primary cardiovascular diagnoses may have underlying endocrine dysfunction that can cause or adversely influence cardiovascular problems. Early diagnosis and treatment of endocrine disease can often prevent or reverse cardiovascular problems and contribute to more acceptable patient outcomes.

Cardiovascular Diseases↗
PubMed2001

[Etiopathogenesis of venous thrombosis and pulmonary thromboembolism: pathophysiologic changes in the cardiovascular system].

It is known that pulmonary embolism is accompanied by quite complex pathophysiological changes in cardiovascular system. From cardiovascular point of view, the diagnosis of pulmonary thromboembolism may be easily based on echocardiographic signs of right ventricular hypokinesia. Physiologic abnormalities caused by venous emboli are related to the cross-sectional area of occluded pulmonary arterial bed. Recent studies has demonstrated, that in patients with massive pulmonary thromboembolism and signs of pulmonary hypertension, increase of right ventricular afterload can lead to both right ventricular failure and reduction of left ventricular preload. Despite development of pulmonary hypertension in acute massive pulmonary thromboembolism, there are no signs of right ventricular hypertrophy. The main ECG changes include right ventricular overload. Previous normal ECG is of special importance. Documentation of serious increase of pulmonary arterial pressure by Doppler echocardiography will assist to link right ventricular pressure overload and dysfunction with embolisms. Transesophageal echocardiography had the similar diagnostic value as transthoracic one, but especially is helpful in bedside diagnosis in patients with signs of shock secondary to pulmonary thromboembolism.

Cardiovascular System↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[The comparative characteristics of the autonomic indices of the cardiovascular system in patients with combined gastroenterological diseases].

As many as 32 patients with associated pathology of the digestive system were followed up. Studied in the above series was the cardiovascular system vegetal regulation-depended bodily adaptability. Those patients suffering from chronic gastroduodenitis with concurrent chronic cholecystitis and chronic pancreatitis were found out to have more manifest reactions of compensation and adaptation than patients presenting with duodenal ulcer with concomitant chronic cholecystitis and chronic pancreatitis.

Adaptation, Physiological↗
PubMed1987

Pharmacological actions of dopamine sulfoconjugate on cardiovascular system.

Pharmacological actions of dopamine 4-sulfate on the cardiovascular systems were examined and compared with those of dopamine. Dopamine 4-sulfate, used in the present study, was minimally contaminated with dopamine (less than 0.02%). Dopamine 4-sulfate at doses ranging from 0.1 to 1 mumol/kg did not elicit any appreciable changes in systemic blood pressure and heart rate of anesthetized rabbits. Contractile activity and heart rate of isolated perfused rat heart were also unaffected by the agent. Dopamine 4-sulfate at concentrations of 1 and 0.3 mM, reduced a significant contraction of isolated rabbit renal and femoral arteries, respectively, but not in the aorta. The extent of the increase in tension development induced by 1 mM dopamine 4-sulfate in the femoral artery, was almost similar to that induced by 3 microM dopamine. The maximal tension development induced by 1 mM dopamine 4-sulfate in the femoral artery occurred more slowly than that induced by 3 microM dopamine. Furthermore, dopamine 4-sulfate-induced increase in tension development, like that of dopamine itself, was inhibited by 0.3 microM phentolamine and 0.1 microM haloperidol. Any appreciable conversion of dopamine 4-sulfate into dopamine was not seen in the medium of the organ bath in vitro during the experiment. The results suggest that dopamine sulfoconjugate exerts little effect on the cardiovascular system and, if any, induces a constriction of some vascular beds without conversion into dopamine.

Animals↗
PubMed2002

Down-regulation of corticotropin-releasing hormone receptor type 2beta mRNA expression in the rat cardiovascular system following food deprivation.

The present study was conducted to assess the effect of nutritional stress induced by food deprivation on expression of messenger ribonucleic acid (mRNA) for corticotropin-releasing hormone receptor type 2beta (CRH-R2beta) in the rat cardiovascular system in the presence or absence of changes in circulating corticosterone. Food deprivation for 96 h caused a robust increase in plasma corticosterone levels and a significant decrease in CRH-R2beta mRNA expression in the rat heart. Starvation for 48 and 96 h decreased CRH-R2beta mRNA expression in the atria, ventricle as well as aorta of sham-adrenalectomized (sham) rats. Surprisingly, clamping plasma glucocorticoids at low levels by adrenalectomy with corticosterone pellet replacement (ADX+B) did not completely prevent starvation-induced decreases of CRH-R2beta mRNA expression in the rat cardiovascular system. Urocortin (Ucn) mRNA expression was increased significantly by food deprivation in the heart of sham as well as ADX+B rats. We speculate that food deprivation may increase urocortin, which in turn down-regulates CRH-R2beta mRNA expression in cardiovascular system. These data indicate that food deprivation despite the presence or absence of changes in circulating corticosterone may have an inhibitory effect on CRH-R2beta mRNA expression in the rat cardiovascular system.

Adrenal Glands↗
PubMed2001

[Impaired cardiovascular system in patients with HIV-infection and manifested cytomegalovirus infection].

AIM: To assess the condition of the cardiovascular system in HIV-infected patients with manifest cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection. MATERIAL AND METHODS: The condition of the cardiovascular system was studied in 21 HIV-infected patients with manifest CMV infection using the following diagnostic methods: clinical, electrocardiographic, echocardiographic, histological ones, measurement of activity of cardiospecific enzymes. RESULTS: CMV infection the affects functional and morphometric parameters of the cardiac muscle evident as cavity dilatation, increased myocardial mass, low myocardial contractility. CMV is involved in development of dilated cardiomyopathy. Specific therapy with cimeven had a good effect on morphofunctional characteristics of the myocardium. CONCLUSION: Development of manifest CMV infection and affection of cardiovascular system are related.

AIDS-Related Opportunistic Infections↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[The effect of ouabain on the cardiovascular system of rats with chronic heart failure].

The response of the rat cardiovascular system to the cardiac glycoside ouabain was studied in an original model of heart failure developed on day 21 of coronary embolization with 15 microns radioactive microspheres introduced into the left ventricular cavity during ascending aortic occlusion. To examine systemic and regional hemodynamic parameters, the tracer technique with microspheres. Ouabain infused to rats with heart failure caused an increase in the index of left ventricular contractility, cardiac output, stroke volume, myocardial contractility, blood flow in most viscera and a decrease in end-diastolic pressure. The findings suggest that 21 days after coronary embolization the rats with heart failure proved more sensitive to the glycoside than did those sham-operated and thus, the presented model adequately reflects the status of the cardiovascular system when heart failure is evolving.

Animals↗
PubMed1999

[A digital simulation study on the effect of change in cardiovascular system parameters on the pulse waveform of the radial artery].

OBJECTIVE: To understand the effect of the change in cardiovascular system parameters on the pressure pulse waveform of the radial artery. METHOD: A previously developed cardiovascular system mathematical model was used in this simulation study. The parameters used were heart rate, ventricular contractility, arterial compliance, peripheral resistance and blood viscosity. RESULT: The change in each parameter would influence the pulse waveform. Most of the influences were in agreement with the results of clinical observations reported in the literature. However, several new phenomena were observed. The effect of change in single parameter on the pulse waveform was different for different combinations of other parameter values. CONCLUSION: It is suggested that the model is useful in studying the relationship between cardiovascular system parameters and pulse waveform of the radial artery.

Aerospace Medicine↗
PubMed2004

Development-related changes in the expression of shear stress responsive genes KLF-2, ET-1, and NOS-3 in the developing cardiovascular system of chicken embryos.

Blood flow patterns play an important role in cardiovascular development, as changes can cause congenital heart malformations. Shear stress is positively correlated to blood flow. Therefore, it is likely that shear stress is also involved in cardiac development. In this study, we investigated the expression patterns of ET-1, NOS-3, and KLF-2 mRNA in a series of developmental stages of the chicken embryo. These genes are reported to be shear responsive. It has been demonstrated that KLF-2 is confined to areas of high shear stress in the adult human aorta. From in vitro studies, it is known that ET-1 is down-regulated by shear stress, whereas NOS-3 is up-regulated. Therefore, we expect ET-1 to be low or absent and NOS-3 to be high at sites where KLF-2 expression is high. Our study shows that, in the early stages, expression patterns are mostly not shear stress-related, whereas during development, this correlation becomes stronger. We demonstrate overlapping expression patterns of KLF-2 and NOS-3 in the narrow parts of the cardiovascular system, like the cardiac inflow tract, the atrioventricular canal, outflow tract, and in the early stages in the aortic sac and the pharyngeal arch arteries. In these regions, the expression patterns of KLF-2 and NOS-3 exclude that of ET-1. Our results suggest that, in the embryonic cardiovascular system, KLF-2 is expressed in regions of highest shear stress, and that ET-1 and NOS-3 expression, at least in the later stages, is related to shear stress.

Animals↗
PubMed1990

[Response of the cardiovascular system to acetylcholine test in patients with bronchial asthma].

The response of cardiovascular system to acetylcholine inhalation has been studied in 10 patients with bronchial asthma in remission. With the threshold dose of the drug, i.e. at less than or equal to 20% reduction of the forced expiration volume per 1 sec, there appeared increased cardiac beating and output, elevated pressure in the pulmonary artery, ECG sings of a sharp overload in the right atrium. The shifts in the cardiac function resulted from a fall in alveolar pO2 produced by acetylcholine-related bronchial obstruction and following hypoxic vasoconstriction of the lesser circulation. The findings emphasize the need in the cardiovascular system control when performing the acetylcholine test for bronchial reactivity.

Acetylcholine↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Changes in beta-adrenergic regulation of the cardiovascular system during aging].

Changes in beta-adrenergic regulation of the cardiovascular system in aging involved 40 healthy subjects aged 20-34, 60-74 and 75-89 have been studied. Single drug loads with propranolol (0.6 mg/kg, per os) and isadrin (10 mg, sublingually) were used. With aging, the beta-adrenergic regulation of heart at various levels (in the central and autonomic vegetative nervous system, the ACTH-cortisol system) changes. The negative effect of beta-adrenergic blockade on the cardiovascular system enhances, that is a result of a more significant suppression of the sympathetic effects on the heart and peculiarities of the propranolol pharmacokinetics in old age. The reactivity of beta-adrenergic mechanisms in response to their stimulation decreases as well. Blockade of the beta-adrenoreceptors produces a distinct saving effect on the performance of the cardio-respiratory system under conditions of physical loading, that is due to a suppression of sympathetic hyperactivity and elimination of excess strain in the ACTH-cortisol system at the peak submaximal physical loading.

Adult↗