Search PubMed⌕ Search

SEARCH · Search PubMed

Results for “Capreomycin”

Search indexed PubMed citations on genomics, clinical trials, systematic reviews and public health. Explore titles, authors and supplied subject terms, then open the PubMed record.

Quote a phrase for an exact phrase match. Source license links do not imply unrestricted reuse.

At least 199 records · Page 11Linked to original sources
PubMed1975

Cross-resistant relationships among the aminoglucoside antibiotics in Mycobacterium tuberculosis.

Phenotypes of isolates of Mycobacterium tuberculosis H37RV showing resistance to the aminoglucoside antibiotics streptomycin, viomycin, kanamycin, capreomycin, tuberactinomycin N, lividomycin and paromomycin could be grouped into the following types: (I) resistant only to different levels of streptomycins; (2) resistant only to a low level of kanamycin; (3) triply resistant, to low levels of viomycin, tuberactinomycin N and capreomycin; (4) triply resistant, to a low level of kanamycin and high levels of lividomycin and paromomycin; (5) quadruply resistant, to a low level of capreomycin and high levels of kanamycin, lividomycin and paromomycin; (6) hextuply resistant, to high levels of viomycin, tuberactinomycin N, capreomycin, kanamycin, lividomycin, and paromomycin. Three modificatied types of the latter were also observed. Appearance rates of the six types were estimated as 10(-6) to 10(-9), 10(-6), 10(-6) to 10(-7), 10(-8), 10(-8), and 10(-8) to 10(-9), respectively, in a total viable population of the parent strain. Mutations to all phenotypes were considered to be produced by single mutations. According to cross-resistance relationships, aminoglucoside antibiotics were classified into three groups: (I) streptomycin; (II) viomycin, tuberactinomycin N and capreomycin; (III) kanamycin, lividomycin and paromomycin. No cross-resistance relationship between streptomycin and other antibiotics was observed. Resistances to viomycin, tuberactinomycin N and capreomycin occurred by single mutation to type 3. Resistances to kanamycin, lividomycin and paromomycin occurred by single mutations to types 4 and 5. Low resistance to capreomycin was produced by mutation to type 5. Therefore capreomycin was considered to be an intermediate between the second and third groups. These two groups had a close relationship, as resistance to all six agents in these groups could be produced by a single mutation to type 6 (and its modified types).

Antibiotics, Antitubercular↗
PubMed2005

Resistance of multidrug-resistant strains of Mycobacterium tuberculosis from the Archangel oblast, Russia, to second-line anti-tuberculosis drugs.

Multidrug-resistant tuberculosis has become common all over the world, necessitating the inclusion of second-line drugs in treatment regimens. In the present study, the susceptibility of a selection of multidrug-resistant strains of Mycobacterium tuberculosis isolated in the Archangel oblast, Russia, to second-line anti-tuberculosis drugs was analysed. Susceptibility testing of 77 Mycobacterium tuberculosis strains was performed by the Bactec method using the following recommended drug concentrations: capreomycin 1.25 microg/ml; ethionamide 1.25 microg/ml; kanamycin 5 microg/ml; and ofloxacin 2 microg/ml. The majority of strains (92.2%) were resistant to ethionamide. High rates of drug resistance were also found for capreomycin (42.9%) and kanamycin (41.6%), while nearly all strains (98.7%) were susceptible to ofloxacin. The high rates of resistance to ethionamide, capreomycin, and kanamycin show the real burden of drug resistance in the region and pose a serious problem for the treatment of patients with multidrug-resistant tuberculosis.

Antitubercular Agents↗
PubMed1983

Amikacin in the treatment of pulmonary tuberculosis.

Sensitivity tests on strains from 11 patients with pulmonary tuberculosis, previously treated with kanamycin and/or capreomycin, showed incomplete cross-resistance between amikacin and capreomycin but complete cross-resistance between amikacin and kanamycin. Treatment with amikacin of 4 patients with multiply resistant strains resulted in no response as assessed by sputum smears and cultures, but resistance emerged to amikacin, kanamycin and capreomycin. Amikacin has no role in the treatment of tuberculosis as it cannot be given as an alternative to kanamycin, has no advantages over it and is more expensive.

Adult↗
PubMed1999

In vitro microbiological characterization of novel cyclic homopentapeptides, CP-101,680 and CP-163,234, for animal health use.

Two cyclic homopentapeptides, CP-101,680 and CP-163,234 [6a-(3',4'-dichlorophenylamino) analogs of viomycin and capreomycin, respectively], were identified as novel antibacterial agents for the treatment of animal disease, especially for livestock respiratory disease. The in vitro microbiological characterization of both CP-101,680 and CP-163,234 was carried out using their parent compounds, viomycin and capreomycin, as controls. This characterization included antibacterial spectrum, influence of media, inoculum size, pH, EDTA, polymixin B nonapeptide (PMBN), serum, cell-free protein synthesis inhibition, and time-kill kinetics. Our results indicated that the capreomycin analog, CP-163,234, showed slightly improved in vitro potency over the viomycin analog, CP-101,680. Both analogs showed very potent cell-free protein synthesis inhibition activity and were bactericidal against Pasteurella haemolytica, P. multocida and Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae at the level of 4 times and 8 times MICs. CP-163,234 was bactericidal at the level of 4x and 8x MIC against E. coli, but re-growth was observed after 24 hours incubation at both concentrations of CP-101,680.

Animal Diseases↗
PubMed1994

Tuberculosis susceptibility patterns, predictors of multidrug resistance, and implications for initial therapeutic regimens at a New York City hospital.

BACKGROUND: Multidrug resistance has complicated tuberculosis therapy. We studied antibiotic susceptibilities of Mycobacterium tuberculosis and predictors of multidrug resistance to assist in determining initial drug regimens. METHODS: We conducted a case-control study based on chart review of patients with and without multidrug-resistant tuberculosis, including outpatients and inpatients with culture-proved tuberculosis seen at a large New York, NY, hospital during 1991 and 1992. Patient characteristics studied included serologic findings for human immunodeficiency virus and the presence of the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. Descriptive analysis considered potential initial drug regimens. A theoretically effective regimen was assumed to contain at least two drugs to which an isolate was susceptible. RESULTS: For 172 patients, 28.5% of isolates were resistant to isoniazid, at least 20.9% to rifampin, 15.7% to ethambutol, 8.1% to pyrazinamide, 18.6% to streptomycin, 9.9% to ethionamide, 8.1% to kanamycin, and none to capreomycin, cycloserine, and ciprofloxacin; 18.6% were resistant to both isoniazid and rifampin. Chart review of 159 patients showed that acquired immunodeficiency syndrome, human immunodeficiency virus seropositivity, female gender, residence in the Bronx, and race were associated with multidrug resistance. The four-drug regimen of isoniazid, rifampin, ethambutol, and pyrazinamide was theoretically effective for 81% to 85% of patients. No subset of patients would have a markedly better theoretical benefit from that regimen. Only five- or six-drug regimens that used the combinations of capreomycin plus ciprofloxacin, capreomycin plus cycloserine, ciprofloxacin plus cycloserine, or all three drugs together theoretically offered significantly higher effectiveness. CONCLUSIONS: Tuberculosis isolates at our hospital have a high frequency of multidrug resistance. Only five- or six-drug regimens are theoretically adequate as initial therapy for our patients.

AIDS-Related Opportunistic Infections↗
PubMed1997

In-vitro activities of aminoglycoside-aminocyclitols against mycobacteria.

Aminoglycoside-aminocyclitols including streptomycin, kanamycin, capreomycin and amikacin showed considerable activity against Mycobacterium tuberculosis, with MICs well below their Cmax and relatively low MBC/MIC ratios. Kanamycin, capreomycin and amikacin remained highly active against 'resistant' and 'multidrug-resistant' M. tuberculosis isolates except for some 'multidrug-resistant' isolates which showed complete cross-resistance between streptomycin and the selected 2-deoxystreptamines. Gentamicin displayed anti-tuberculous activity but was bacteriostatic only. Non-tuberculosis mycobacteria, in particular Mycobacterium chelonae and Mycobacterium avium-intracellulare, were more resistant than M. tuberculosis. Amikacin was inhibitory against Mycobacterium kanasii, Mycobacterium scrofulaceum and Mycobacterium fortuitum, but was bactericidal against M. scrofulaceum only. Kanamycin was also bactericidal against M. scrofulaceum. Growth of M. fortuitum was inhibited by amikacin and neomycin which was also inhibitory against M. tuberculosis and M. scrofulaceum. Although the application of neomycin has been limited by its high toxicity, this study suggested that this drug might be useful as a topical agent for cutaneous infections by M. fortuitum.

Amikacin↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Neurological manifestations and toxicities of the antituberculosis drugs. A review.

The neurological manifestations and toxicities of 12 antituberculosis drugs [isoniazid, rifampicin (rifampin), ethambutol, p-aminosalicylic acid, pyrazinamide, streptomycin, kanamycin, ethionamide, cycloserine, capreomycin, viomycin and thiacetazone] are reviewed. Their effects upon the central nervous system, cranial nerves, peripheral nerves and the neuromuscular junction are examined, and drug interactions of neurological concern are briefly discussed. Isoniazid is well known to increase the concentrations of gamma-aminobutyric acid in neural tissues. Although conflicting data have been published, isoniazid may play a limited future role in reducing the degree of adventitious movements noted in certain neurological diseases such as multiple sclerosis, spasmodic torticollis, and other segmental dystonic syndromes. With rifampicin neurological complications have been observed infrequently. Rifampicin penetrates into the CSF and has been shown to have useful activity against various micro-organisms in the CSF, including certain viruses; however, contrary to earlier suggestions, it appears to have no role in the treatment of subacute sclerosing panencephalitis. A number of studies have indicated that isoniazid is associated with a large number of accidental and intentional poisonings. The highest incidence has been observed with Southwestern American Indians in which this agent was involved in 7% of all suicide attempts and 19% of the suicide deaths. Degeneration of the optic chiasma and nerve is a well-known adverse effect of ethambutol; toxicity is manifested by impairment of visual acuity, marked loss of colour discrimination, constricted visual fields, and central and peripheral scotoma. Ototoxicity is a well known problem caused by streptomycin, kanamycin, capreomycin and viomycin. The use of streptomycin in pregnant mothers is associated with congenital deafness in newborns in certain cases. The aminoglycoside antibiotics are also associated with flaccid paralysis following neuromuscular blockade. Adverse reactions to cycloserine are mainly dose-related with neurological and psychiatric syndromes noted in up to 50% of patients. Recent data indicate that isoniazid, rifampicin, ethambutol, pyrazinamide, streptomycin, kanamycin, ethionamide, and cycloserine appear in measurable quantities in the cerebrospinal fluid. Five of these compounds (isoniazid, rifampicin, ethambutol, kanamycin, cycloserine) pass to some degree through non-inflamed meninges. Other than discontinuation of the therapeutic regimen and general supportive measures, very few methods are described in the literature for treatment of acute intoxications with antituberculosis drugs.

Antitubercular Agents↗
PubMed1996

In vitro activities of fourteen antimicrobial agents against drug susceptible and resistant clinical isolates of Mycobacterium tuberculosis and comparative intracellular activities against the virulent H37Rv strain in human macrophages.

Minimal inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of 14 first and second-line antituberculous drugs against drug-susceptible and drug-resistant clinical isolates of Mycobacterium tuberculosis (including the multiple drug-resistant or MDR-TB isolates), as well as the type strain H37Rv, were determined radiometrically by the Bactec 460-TB methodols. MICs (microg/ml) of all the fourteen drugs were within an extremely narrow range in case of susceptible strains; isoniazid (0. 02-0.04), rifampin (0.2-0.4), ethambutol and streptomycin (0.5-2.0), ethionamide (0.25-0.5), D-cycloserine (25-75), capreomycin (1-2), kanamycin (2-4), amikacin (0.5-1.0), clofazimine (0.1-0.4), ofloxacin (0.5-1.0), ciprofloxacin (0.25-1.0), and sparfloxacin (0.1-0.4). The activity of second-line drugs remained unaltered against MDR-TB isolates resistant to routine first-line drugs. With peak serum level concentrations (Cmax), the intracellular killing of the virulent H37Rv strain was studied in detail in cultured human macrophages. Based on an decreasing order of bactericidal activity, our results showed the following spectrum of intracellular drug action: among the first-line drugs, rifampin > ethionamide = isoniazid > ethambutol > streptomycin > D-cycloserine; among second-line drugs, clofazimine = amikacin > kanamycin = capreomycin; among fluoroquinolones, sparfloxacin > ofloxacin > ciprofloxacin. On the other hand, contrary to atypical mycobacteria, the macrolide drug clarithromycin was inactive against both extracellular and intracellular M. tuberculosis.

Aminoglycosides↗
PubMed1992

Stability of antimycobacterial drugs in susceptibility testing.

Aqueous solutions of 0.02% isoniazid, 0.2% streptomycin, 0.2% para-aminosalicylate, and 0.5% ethambutol and ethylene glycol solutions of 0.5% ethionamide stored at 3 to 7 degrees C remained stable for 1 year, as did aqueous solutions of 0.05% ethionamide hydrochloride, 0.05% kanamycin, 0.05% viomycin, and 0.1% capreomycin stored at -20 degrees C. The ethambutol and capreomycin solutions were tested by microbiologic methods; the other solutions were tested by both spectrophotometric and microbiologic methods. Prepared susceptibility testing media made with cycloserine, rifampin, and the above solutions incorporated into Middlebrook 7H10 medium showed acceptable stability when stored at 3 to 7 degrees C for 1 month. During incubation of the test medium at 37 degrees C, approximately half of the activity of isoniazid, ethionamide, ethambutol, cycloserine, and rifampin was lost after periods ranging from 2 to 4 days for ethambutol to 2 weeks for rifampin.

Antitubercular Agents↗
PubMed1974

Pleiotropic antibiotic resistance mutations associated with ribosomes and ribosomal subunits in Mycobacterium smegmatis.

Viomycin-resistant strains isolated from Mycobacterium smegmatis demonstrated pleiotropic resistance to tuberactinomycin-N, capreomycin, streptomycin, and kanamycin as a result of mutational alteration of ribosomes, even though they were selected for resistance to a single antibiotic. The pleiotropic drug resistance of three mutants isolated by stepwise selection for resistance to viomycin was due to alteration of the 30S ribosomal subunit. One mutant, strain A, isolated independently by multiple-step selection to viomycin resistance, was resistant to viomycin, tuberactinomycin-N, and capreomycin through an alteration of the 50S ribosomal subunit, whereas it was sensitive to kanamycin but resistant to streptomycin through an alteration of the 30S ribosomal subunit. Three streptomycin-resistant strains, which were isolated by one-step selection at a high concentration of streptomycin, did not show significant co-resistance to any other antibiotics tested in culture and cell-free systems; streptomycin resistance in these mutants was localized on the 30S ribosomal subunit.

Drug Resistance, Bacterial↗
PubMed1993

In vitro antimicrobial susceptibility testing of rapidly growing mycobacteria using the tablet diffusion method: resistance pattern of Norwegian Mycobacterium fortuitum and Mycobacterium chelonae isolates.

Thirty-one Norwegian clinical isolates of rapidly growing mycobacteria classified as Runyon's group IV, including 20 Mycobacterium fortuitum and 11 Mycobacterium chelonae strains, were found resistant to a majority of tuberculostatic agents. Minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) was determined for twelve other antimicrobial agents: amikacin, tobramycin, streptomycin, cefoxitin, imipenem, norfloxacin, ciprofloxacin, doxycycline, erythromycin, fusidic acid, co-trimoxazole and capreomycin. The agar plate dilution method was employed and compared with the agar tablet diffusion method. Regression lines were established correlating MIC values and inhibition zones. The agar tablet diffusion method was found to be a simple and useful method for testing antimicrobial susceptibilities of M. fortuitum and M. chelonae, and a good correlation between MIC values and zone sizes with twelve antimicrobial agents was revealed. Correlation coefficients for most of these antimicrobial agents were around -0.90. M. chelonae was generally more resistant than M. fortuitum. Four antimicrobial agents, capreomycin, norfloxacin, ciprofloxacin and amikacin, showed differences between M. fortuitum and M. chelonae large enough to allow the zone diameter to be used diagnostically.

Anti-Bacterial Agents↗
PubMed1994

Peptide antibiotics of the tuberactinomycin family as inhibitors of group I intron RNA splicing.

The tuberactinomycins are a group of cyclic peptide antibiotics, which are potent inhibitors of prokaryotic protein synthesis. We report the inhibitory effect of viomycin, di-beta-lysyl-capreomycin IIA and tuberactinomycin A on group I intron self-splicing. They compete with the guanosine cofactor for the G-binding site located in the conserved core of the intron. They are 100-fold more active than all other competitive inhibitors described so far (dGTP, arginine or streptomycin), inhibiting splicing at concentrations between 10 and 50 microM. Mutation of the G-binding site leads to partial resistance, and the inhibitory effect of these drugs is dependent on Mg2+ concentration. This suggests that the tuberactinomycins have more than one contact site with the intron RNA: via the G-binding site and via additional contacts with the RNA backbone. Positioning the tuberactinomycins in the three-dimensional model of the td intron core suggests that the charged lysyl side-chain (R1) is in contact with the backbone of the P1 helix. Structure/function analyses with various tuberactinomycin analogues with different activities confirm the involvement of this sidechain in inhibition of group I self-splicing. The demonstration of a new class of splicing inhibitors, the peptide antibiotics, illustrates how antibiotics may interact with catalytic RNA.

Bacteriophage T4↗