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PubMed1991

[Cell and cell organelle changes after the effect of calcium hydroxide].

The changes of cells cultured in vitro after Calxyd effect which basical component is calcium hydroxide (Ca[OH]2) are described. The ingredient evoked cytoplasmic membrane changes, forming of pathological pseudopodies, the changes of nuclei and nucleoli. Fast start and development of pathological cell changes leading to their death in a short time and forming of sharply separated line between the damaged intact cells are characteristics for the effect of calcium hydroxide.

Calcium Hydroxide↗
PubMed2006

Effect of an oily calcium hydroxide suspension on early wound healing after nonsurgical periodontal therapy.

The purpose of the present study was to evaluate clinically the effect of an oily calcium hydroxide suspension on early wound healing after nonsurgical periodontal therapy. A total of 19 patients with chronic periodontitis were enrolled in the study. Each subject had three sites in each of two contra-lateral jaw quadrants with a probing pocket depth (PPD) of > or =5 mm and bleeding on probing (BoP+). All teeth received scaling and root planing under local anesthesia followed by irrigation with sterile saline. An oily calcium hydroxide suspension (Osteoinductal) was applied subgingivally to the test sites at random. All sites were reexamined after 1, 2 [gingival index (GI) and BoP], and 3 weeks (GI, BoP, and PPD). Treatment success was defined as no signs of GI (GI=0), no BoP (BoP-), and pocket closure (PPD< or =4 mm). At all three different points in time, there were improvements in both GI and BoP at the control and test sites, which were in favor of the test therapy (p<0.05). For PPD change, no differences were found between the test and the control sites. The results of the study suggest that the topical application of an oily calcium hydroxide suspension (Osteoinductal), after nonsurgical periodontal therapy, improves early periodontal wound healing.

Administration, Topical↗
PubMed1990

Experimental study on the biocompatibility of lining cements based on glass ionomer as compared with calcium hydroxide.

An in vitro study with cultured fibroblast-like cells of the pulp was used to assess the biological tolerance of three lining cements based on glass ionomers and two hard liners containing calcium hydroxide. The results indicate that strong cytotoxic components of all g.-i. lining cements tested can be eluted even after hardening for 48 hours. In contrast, the two liners based on calcium hydroxide proved to be of greater biocompatibility after the same hardening period. Therefore, use of calcium hydroxide liners is recommended for placement in deep cavities near the pulp.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

A comparison of two calcium hydroxide agents in direct pulp capping of primary teeth.

Twenty-two pairs of bilateral primary canines, indicated for extraction due to excessive crowding, were chosen to study pulpal response to direct pulp capping with two calcium hydroxide medicaments (Life and Dycal). Following mechanical exposure of the pulp and direct pulp capping with calcium hydroxide, the teeth were extracted after either seven or sixty-three days to determine both the immediate and long-term pulpal response to the medicaments. The results indicate no statistical difference between the two materials in terms of biological response. Favorable results as to degree of pulpal inflammation and matrix formation indicate direct pulp capping using calcium hydroxide in primary teeth with no pulpal inflammation may be a viable procedure.

Calcium Hydroxide↗
PubMed1996

pH changes at the surface of root dentin when using root canal sealers containing calcium hydroxide.

The purpose of this study was to investigate long-term pH changes in cavities prepared in root surface dentin of extracted teeth after obturation of the root canal with gutta-percha and a variety of sealers containing calcium hydroxide. After cleaning and shaping, root canals in 50 recently extracted, human single-rooted teeth were divided into five groups. Each of four groups was obturated with gutta-percha and either Sealapex, Sealer 26, Apexit, or CRCS, all of which contain calcium hydroxide. The remaining group served as the control and was not obturated with gutta-percha or sealer. Cavities were prepared in the facial surface of the roots in the cervical and middle regions. The pH was measured in these dentinal cavities at the initiation of the experiment, and 3, 7, 14, 21, 28, 45, 60, 90, and 120 days after obturation. Results indicate that the pH at the surface of the root does not become alkaline when calcium hydroxide cements are used as root canal sealers. Regardless of the sealer used, the observed pattern of pH change was not different from that seen in the control group of roots that were not treated with sealer. It is concluded that calcium hydroxide-containing cements, although suitable for use as root canal sealants, do not produce an alkaline pH at the root surface. If such a pH change is related to treatment of root resorption, these sealants do not contribute to this treatment.

Bismuth↗
PubMed2003

Calcium hydroxide's association with different vehicles: In vitro action on some dentinal components.

OBJECTIVE: Calcium hydroxide, Ca(OH)(2), is a common intracanal medicament. Ca(OH)(2) powder can be mixed with different vehicles and used as a paste for temporary intracanal treatment. The vehicle may influence the dissociation of calcium hydroxide into ions. We sought to evaluate the level of pH and to quantitatively estimate the release of proteins, hydroxyproline, and phosphorus from pieces of radicular dentin kept in different Ca(OH)(2) solutions. STUDY DESIGN: Twenty-eight extracted incisors were maintained for 35 days in Ca(OH)(2) aqueous solutions prepared in chlorhexidine digluconate, propylene glycol (PG), anesthetic solution, camphorated monochlorophenol (CMCP), and CMCP-PG. The control solution contained Ca(OH)(2) without vehicle. RESULTS: The pH values changed little during the experiment. The concentrations of proteins, hydroxyproline, and phosphorus rose for all the solutions under study. Statistical analysis of the data from the control and the experimental groups revealed an increase in the concentration of proteins when chlorhexidine, anesthetic solution, and PG were used; a rise in hydroxyproline levels when CMCP-PG, CMCP, and PG solutions were used; and an increase in phosphorus when PG and chlorhexidine vehicles were used. CONCLUSION: The test solutions with the root dentin remained alkaline. A release of proteins, hydroxyproline, and phosphorus was observed.

Analysis of Variance↗
PubMed2006

The effect of sodium hypochlorite application on the success of calcium hydroxide pulpotomy in primary teeth.

OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of 3% sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl) used as a hemostatic agent on the outcome of calcium hydroxide pulpotomies of primary teeth. STUDY DESIGN: A total of 18 primary molars with advanced caries and root resorption of approximately half the root length were randomly placed into 2 groups. Conventional calcium hydroxide pulpotomies were performed on teeth in both groups; however, a cotton pellet saturated with 3% sodium hypochlorite was applied to teeth in the treatment group for 30 seconds before the pulpotomy to control hemorrhage. After the extraction of the teeth, they were examined histologically. RESULTS: In the histologic evaluation it was found that none of the specimens in the control group showed necrosis and 1 specimen in the treatment group showed partial necrosis. CONCLUSION: It was found that the use of 3% NaOCl as a hemostatic agent had no effect on the outcome of calcium hydroxide pulpotomies with the given concentration and timing of the NaOCl treatment and the given observation period.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2000

Fracture strength of fragment-bonded teeth. Effect of calcium hydroxide lining before bonding.

PURPOSE: To measure, in vitro the strength of intact teeth, fracture-bonded teeth, and fracture-bonded teeth bonded after a preliminary calcium hydroxide lining of the dentin part of the remaining tooth. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The study used 30 young, similarly aged sheep incisors. Twenty incisors were fractured 2.5 mm from the incisal edge and another 10 incisors remained non-fractured and served as control (Group 1). Group 2 comprised 10 fractured incisors, which after 3 weeks water storage were bonded by use of acid etching and a dentin bonding agent. In Group 3, the root part of 10 fractured incisors were lined with calcium hydroxide and kept in water for 3 weeks. Then the lining was removed with a hand instrument before bonding as above. The strength of the teeth in Groups 1-3 was measured and the mean fracture strengths representing the three groups were compared by Newman-Keuls' multiple range tests at a 5% level of significance. RESULTS: The mean fracture strength of the lined teeth (9.6 MPa) was significantly different from that of intact teeth (17.8 MPa) as well as from that of the bonded but unlined teeth (15.8 MPa). The latter two means were not significantly different. It is concluded that the use of calcium hydroxide on the fracture surfaces of fractured teeth before bonding lowers the fracture strength of the restored teeth.

Acid Etching, Dental↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Calcium hydroxide pulpotomy with a light-cured cavity-sealing material after two years.

In this follow-up study a light-cured glass ionomer lining cement was evaluated as a cavity-sealing material in calcium hydroxide pulpotomies in primary molars after one and two years. The pulpotomy dressing was a suspension of pure calcium hydroxide with either tap water or sterile saline. The success rate of the pulpotomies after one year was 87.7 percent and after two years 80.4 percent (clinically and radiographically). This result was only influenced by the type of restoration (amalgam versus stainless steel crown). The results of the present investigation compare favorably with those of other published studies of pulpotomy of primary molars using calcium hydroxide as the wound dressing.

Calcium Hydroxide↗
PubMed2000

[Mechanisms of bone repairment in periapical diseases: studies on adjusting bone metabolism with calcium hydroxide in vitro].

OBJECTIVE: To provide experiment evidence for clinical practice and for further exploration on mechanism and medicinal control of periapical diseases. METHODS: The culture model of neonatal mouse calvariae which has the similar biological activity to alveolar bone was established in vitro to observe the influence of calcium hydroxide on osteo-activity. RESULTS: The results showed that calcium hydroxide with proper concentration at organ culture level could enhance osteoblast ALP secreting activity, and increased the tendency of bone formation. At the same time, the concentration of inorganic PO4(3-) in culture medium also had significant changes. CONCLUSIONS: The mechanism of calcium hydroxide promoting repairment of bone tissues is not only by providing rich Ca2+ and alkaline environment mineral deposition, but also by stimulating calcification enzyme activity of osteoblast. Meanwhile, increased PO4(3-) concentration might improve the mineralization environment, which causes mineralization easily.

Alkaline Phosphatase↗
PubMed2002

Effect of calcium hydroxide on bacterial endotoxin in vivo.

The aim of this study was the histopathological evaluation of apical and periapical tissues in dog teeth that were submitted to bacterial endotoxin, associated or not with calcium hydroxide. After removal of the pulp from 60 premolars, the teeth were divided into four groups and were filled with bacterial endotoxin (group 1), bacterial endotoxin plus calcium hydroxide (group 2), saline solution (group 3), or had induced periapical lesions with no treatment (group 4). After 30 days, animals were killed and the teeth processed histologically. The inflammatory infiltrate, the thickness of the periodontal ligament, and the presence of resorption areas were similar for groups 1 and 4. Groups 2 and 3 were similar to each other. It can be concluded that the bacterial endotoxin caused a periapical lesion and that calcium hydroxide detoxified the lipopolysaccharides in vivo.

Animals↗
PubMed2006

Sewage sludge stabilisation with calcium hydroxide: effect on physicochemical properties and molecular composition.

Raw primary sewage sludge (Wastewater Treatment Plant of Krotoszyn, SW Poland) and its mixtures with 3%d, 6%d, 9%d, 12%d and 24%d of calcium hydroxide were stabilised for 1 and 35 days. Changes of the sludge physicochemical properties and molecular composition, caused by alkaline agent in course of stabilisation process, are recognised. A basic physicochemical data on the sludge cake and filtrate after 1 and 35 days of stabilisation process are given. Soxhlet extracts from the sludge cakes stabilised for 35 days as well pyrolysis and pyrolysis in situ methylation (using tetramethylammonium hydroxide-TMAH) products of respective pre-extracted cake residues were analysed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). Increase of calcium hydroxide concentration in the sludge mixture causes enhanced ammonia release, preferential hydrolyses of fats and proteins from the sludge macromolecular network and transformation of free fatty acids contained in the sludge lipids, as well as these released hydrolytically, to their calcium salts. The sewage sludge stabilisation with calcium hydroxide has no effect on homological assemblage and content of unbound stanol and sterol compounds in the sludge lipids and these bound into macromolecular network. Biogenic n-alkanes and anthropogenic linear alkylbenzenes were detected as minor components in the lipids and pyrolytic products from the pre-extracted cake residue, respectively. The alkaline agent used for the sludge stabilisation accelerates equilibration of the process and reduces content of pathogenic microorganisms.

Ammonia↗
PubMed2005

The effect of the renewal of calcium hydroxide paste on the apexification and periapical healing of teeth with incomplete root formation.

AIM: To evaluate the influence of renewing calcium hydroxide paste on apexification and periapical healing of teeth in dogs with incomplete root formation and previously contaminated canals. METHODOLOGY: Forty premolars from four 6-month-old dogs were used. After access to the root canals and complete removal of the pulp, the canal systems remained exposed to the oral environment for 2 weeks. Canal preparation was then carried out using Hedströem files, under irrigation with 1% sodium hypochlorite, 1 mm short of the radiographic apex. After drying, the canals of one premolar in each dog were left empty (group 4-control), and those of the other nine teeth in each animal were filled with a calcium hydroxide-propylene glycol paste. All teeth were restored with reinforced zinc oxide cement (IRM) or IRM and amalgam (group 4). The paste was renewed and the teeth restored again 1 week later. Then, the nine teeth in each animal were divided into three experimental groups: group 1 - paste not changed; group 2 - paste renewed every 4 weeks for 5 months; and group 3 - paste renewed after 3 months had elapsed. The teeth were restored with IRM and amalgam (groups 1 and 3) or IRM (group 2). The animals were killed 5 months later, and blocks of the teeth and surrounding tissues were submitted to histological processing. The sections were studied to evaluate six parameters: apical calcified tissue barrier, inflammatory reaction, bone and root resorption, paste extrusion and microorganisms. Results of experimental groups were analysed by Kruskal-Wallis nonparametric tests and by the test of proportions. The critical value of statistical significance was 5%. RESULTS: Significant differences (P < 0.05) were found in relation to the presence of bone resorption and paste in the periradicular area, the formation of a calcified tissue barrier at the apex, and the intensity of the apical inflammatory reaction. Bone resorption was more evident in group 1 (medicament not changed), and the presence of paste in the periodontal tissues was more common in groups 2 and 3. Renewal of the paste reduced the intensity of the inflammatory reaction (groups 2 and 3), but the formation of apical calcified tissue was more noticeable in the teeth where the paste had not been renewed. CONCLUSIONS: Replacement of calcium hydroxide paste was not necessary for apexification to occur, however, it did reduce significantly the intensity of the inflammatory process. Monthly renewal of calcium hydroxide paste reduced significantly the occurrence of apexification.

Animals↗
PubMed2002

Radiographic evaluation of the effect of endotoxin (LPS) plus calcium hydroxide on apical and periapical tissues of dogs.

The aim of this study was the radiographic evaluation of the apical and periapical region of dog teeth submitted to intracanal bacterial endotoxin (lipopolysaccharide, LPS), associated or not with calcium hydroxide. After removal of the pulp, 60 premolars were divided into four groups and were filled with bacterial endotoxin (group 1), bacterial endotoxin plus calcium hydroxide (group 2), saline solution (group 3), or periapical lesions were induced with no treatment (group 4), for a period of 30 days. Similar periapical lesions were observed in groups 1 and 4. The lamina dura was intact in groups 2 and 3. Bacterial endotoxin (LPS) caused radiographically visible periapical lesions, but when associated with calcium hydroxide, this endotoxin was detoxified.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Polycarboxylate cement as a cavity-sealing material for the calcium hydroxide pulpotomy: a retrospective study.

Polycarboxylate cement was evaluated as a cavity-sealing material in calcium hydroxide pulpotomies of primary molars. The lifespan of these teeth (N = 55) were compared with that of the corresponding teeth on the contralateral sides. The success rate for the treatment was 75.5 percent after one year and at least 61.9 percent after two years. Significant shorter life-spans were found in primary teeth with pulpotomy than in those without it. However, polycarboxylate cement can be a suitable alternative for zinc oxide-eugenol as a cavity sealing material in calcium hydroxide pulpotomies.

Calcium Hydroxide↗
PubMed1996

Chemical analysis of the liberation of calcium and hydroxyl ions from calcium hydroxide pastes in connective tissue in the dog--Part I.

The objective of this research is to chemically analyze calcium hydroxide pastes added to three hydrosoluble vehicles having different acid-base characteristics using polyethylene tubes implanted in subcutaneous connective tissue in a dog, evaluating the liberation of calcium and hydroxyl ions over a period of 7, 30, 45 and 60 days. The three vehicles were saline, anesthetic, and polyethylene glycol 400. Chemical analysis of the liberated calcium ions was done by means of conductimetry using EDTA for titration. Liberation of hydroxyl ions was determined by analogy of calcium ions liberated, which are in direct proportion to the molecular weight of calcium hydroxide.

Animals↗
PubMed1994

A comparison of the compressive strength of calcium hydroxide based lining materials.

This in vitro study investigated the compressive strength of five commercially available calcium hydroxide based lining materials and a resin bonded zinc oxide/eugenol material under varying conditions of temperature and relative humidity and at various ++time intervals after mixing. The results of the study showed that the calcium hydroxide liners could be consistently ranked in order with Dycal most frequently having the highest and either Life or Renew having the lowest compressive strength at all time intervals examined. Under simulated clinical conditions all the materials tested with the exception of Life and Renew had sufficient compressive strength 3 minutes after mixing to withstand the force of amalgam condensation.

Calcium Hydroxide↗