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At least 199 records · Page 11Linked to original sources
PubMed1999

Separation of micronuclear DNA of Stylonychia lemnae by pulsed-field electrophoresis and identification of a DNA molecule with a high copy number.

DNA from the hypotrichous ciliatae Stylonychia lemnae was separated by PFGE. In addition to the separation of the macronuclear DNA molecules with a size up to approximately 40 kb, we were able to separate the micronuclear DNA with a size between approximately 90 kb and 2 Mb. One very prominent 90-kb DNA band appeared on the pulsed-field gels. We propose that this 90-kb DNA fragment represents a linear plasmid residing in the micronucleus in a very high copy number. About 10% of the micronuclear DNA consists of the 90-kb DNA molecule. It appears in the micronucleus as well as in the macronuclear anlagen during macronuclear development but not in the mature macronucleus. Thus, the multicopy DNA is eliminated during fragmentation of the macronuclear anlagen DNA in the course of macronuclear development. Therefore, this 90-kb DNA molecule might serve as an excellent tool to study the recognition and elimination of DNA during nuclear differentiation of hypotrichous ciliates.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[New species of parasitic infusoria of the family Urceolariidae].

Three new species of Ciliata of the family Urceolariidae were found as follows: Paratrichodina voikarensis sp. n. on the gills of Coregonus nasus and C. peled; P. uralensis sp. n. on the gills of the sterlet and Trichodina percae sp. n. in the nasal cavities of the perch. Figures and descriptions of the new species are given.

Animals↗
PubMed2001

Arbovirus surveillance in South Carolina, 1996-98.

Arboviruses isolated and identified from mosquitoes in South Carolina (USA) are described, including new state records for eastern equine encephalitis virus (EEE), St. Louis encephalitis virus (SLE), Flanders virus, Tensaw virus (TEN), and a variant of Jamestown Canyon virus (JC). Mosquitoes were collected at 52 locations in 30 of 46 South Carolina counties beginning in June 1996, and ending in October 1998, and tested for arboviruses. Of 1,329 mosquito pools tested by virus isolation (85,806 mosquitoes representing 34 mosquito species or complexes), 15 pools were positive. Virus isolations included EEE from 1 pool each of Anopheles crucians complex and Culex erraticus; a variant of JC from 1 pool of An. crucians complex; a California serogroup virus from 1 pool of Aedes atlanticus/tormentor; TEN from 5 pools of An. crucians complex and 1 pool each of Culex salinarius and Psorophora ciliata; Flanders virus from 1 pool of Culiseta melanura; and Potosi virus from 1 pool each of Aedes vexans, Coquillettidia perturbans, and Psorophora columbiae. Of 300 mosquito pools tested by antigen-capture assay for EEE and SLE (14,303 mosquitoes representing 16 mosquito species or complexes), 21 were positive for EEE and I was positive for SLE. Positive EEE mosquito pools by antigen-capture assay included An. crucians complex (14 pools), Anopheles punctipennis (1 pool), Anopheles quadrimaculatus (1 pool), Cq. perturbans (4 pools), and Cs. melanura (1 pool). One pool of Cx. salinarius was positive for SLE by antigen-capture assay. Arbovirus-positive mosquito pools were identified from 12 South Carolina counties, all located in the Atlantic Coastal Plain, and from 4 of 8 Carolina bays surveyed.

Aedes↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Characteristics of the cytodifferentiation of omega-particle symbiotic bacteria from the micronucleus of Paramecium caudata clone M1-48].

The structure of the omega-particle-bacteria, growing in the micronucleus of Paramecium caudatum (Ciliata, Protozoa), was studied by electrom microscopy in the course of their life cycle. The cytoplasm of the spindle-shaped vegetative cells contains a large number of dense particles and transparent regions comprising the fibrillar material. Such cells, via several intermediate stages, are transformed into elongated twisted cells that are regarded as spores. The spore consists of two parts: homogeneous, and that containing the membrane system and rounded light bodies. The membranes are often double and connected with the fibrils. The cell wall is constructed, during all stages, of the outer membrane layer and the inner electron-dense layer.

Bacteria↗
PubMed2001

Biota participating in wastewater treatment in a horizontal flow constructed wetland.

During the period 1996-1997, three constructed wetlands with sub-surface horizontal flow were investigated. All systems are designed to treat municipal sewage from small villages (150, 200 and 300 PE). The survey included microscopical identification of organisms in both wastewater and filtration substrate. The organisms were used as an indication of oxygen conditions (aerobic, anoxic and anaerobic) in the particular microenvironment. Saprobiological terms characterizing different levels of saprobity were employed to characterize inflowing wastewater, filtration bed and outflowing water. The occurrence of organisms was correlated with BOD5 values in particular profiles. It has been found that the biocenosis in the inflowing wastewater differs from those found in the filtration bed and water outflowing from the vegetated beds. The organisms were grouped into those living under anaerobic and anoxic conditions and those living under aerobic conditions. More than 70 species of bacteria, amoebae, ciliates, rotifers, colorless flagellates, cyanobacteria and algae were found and the most important 45 species were figured in a plate together with saprobiological information for each species. Biota of the inflowing water is usually restricted to bacteria, ciliata and colorless flagellata while the organisms found in outflowing water as well as in periphyton growing on outflow structures indicate 2-3 levels better quality.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Effect of certain factors on the parasitic fauna of fishes introduced into the lakes of Karelia].

The parasite fauna of Coregonus peled, C. autumnalis migratorius, C. lavaretus, C. albula, Salmo irideus and Ciprinus carpio was investigated. Ciliata and Diplostomatidae were found to be most abundant. The paper discusses the effect of certain factors (the character of a water body, food, mode of life of fishes) on the parasite fauna of fishes introduced to small lakes of Karelia.

Animals↗
PubMed1992

Physical structure and chemical composition of abomasal phytobezoars of goats and sheep.

The diameters of fibres from phytobezoars varied between 2 and 30 microns, with an average 58% measuring less than < 15 microns, 36% between 15 and 23 microns, and 6% greater than 23 microns. These diameters were very similar to those of the pappus hairs surrounding the seeds of the Karoo bushes Chrysocoma ciliata, Eriocephalus ericoides and Gnidia polycephala (means of 6.06 microns, 16.67 microns and 22.73 microns respectively). The microscopic structure and ultrastructure of these pappus hairs moreover closely resembled the fibres of bezoars but were quite distinct from that of hair or wool. Of particular interest was the presence of annular thickenings as well as terminal hooks on both bezoar fibres and pappus hairs, both of which structures are believed to be involved in the formation of bezoars. This close similarity between the fibres in bezoars and those of pappus hairs in the 3 plant species studied, leads to the conclusion that the bezoars consisted largely of pappus hairs of these and possibly other species. The chemical composition of bezoars found in goats and sheep, resembled that of pappus hairs and stems of the Karoo bushes Eriocephalus ericoides and Gnidia polycephala more closely than that of mohair. Ash, nitrogen, phosphorus and zinc concentrations in both bezoars and plant material were similar, but very different to that of mohair; however, the calcium, magnesium, potassium and manganese levels of bezoars were more similar to mohair than plant matter. This may have been due to a leaching effect.

Abomasum↗
PubMed2004

[Plant diversity variations in zokor-mound communities along a successional stage].

Using an approach of spatial sequence instead of temporal sequence, this paper studied the composition and diversity of plant species on zokor-mound along a successional gradient in alpine meadow. The results indicated that the species composition and structure of vegetations on zoker-mound along different successional stages were quite different from those of original vegetations. During the early stage of succession, the pioneer species with numerous widely dispersed seeds or spores (r strategy), such as Elsholtzia ciliata, Chenopodium glaucum, Potentilla anserina, and Ajania tenuifolia, dominated in the community. As the progression of succession, the proportion of species with vegetative expansion (k strategy), such as Saussurea hieracioides, Elymus nutans, Kobresia kansuensis, and Kobersia capillifolia, increased in the community. The analysis of Alpha diversity indicated that both species richness and evenness, in increasing order, changes as stage 1 < stage 2 < stage 3 < stage 4 < original vegetation, while Simpson index (D) and Shannon-Wiener index (H') increased significantly as the progression of succession. The analysis of Beta diversity showed that the similarity coefficient of species composition of community between stage 1 and stage 4 and between stage 1 and original vegetation was the lowest (0.18), while that of community between stage 1 and stage 2 was the highest (0.62). The functional diversity of lif form also manifested some obvious changes along the successional gradient, showing that plant community and mini-habitat changed along a successional gradient on zokor-mound.

Animals↗
PubMed2004

Mechanisms of the gravitational sensitivity of cells.

It is well known that specialized gravireceptory cells have been formed in the course of evolution in the majority of multicellular organisms. These are statosytes (statenchyme cells) in higher plants and otolith apparatus cells in animals. The mechanisms of gravity reception and the generation of gravitational stimuli in these cells are well understood. Therefore, our attention was focused on cells devoid of special gravireceptory mechanisms, namely cell cultures grown in vitro (fibroblasts and osteoblasts) and unicellular free-swimming (i.e. possessing a locomotor apparatus) organisms. These were mainly representatives of two classes: Ciliata and Flagellata. The choice of the objects of study was mainly determined by their ecological and physiological characteristics with the main goals of this work.

Animals↗
PubMed1990

Home medication and microbiological profile in chronic otitis media in some Nigerian children.

The relationship of home medication to the pathology and microbiological profiles of chronic otitis media was studied in 135 children with middle ear infections. Middle ear lesions were examined and sample obtained for microscopy and culture for bacterial and fungal pathogens. Of a total 115 patients who received home treatment, mostly with extracts of a local herb, Cleome ciliata and unprescribed antibiotics, 111 (96.5 pc) had chronic otitis media with purulent effusion (OME), compared with 11 (55 pc) otitis media (OM) cases among 20 patients who had not received such treatments (p less than 0.05). Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas spp. were the predominant isolates; the latter were the sole infecting agents in 41 episodes and occurred in 10 co-infections. Sensitivity pattern of bacterial isolates indicated that a large proportion of infections would respond to empiric treatment with gentamicin in anticipation of laboratory results on sensitivity tests. This report suggests further studies to define the significance of these medications in the pathogenesis of chronic OME in Nigerian children.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1987

Cholinergic and adrenergic influence on the teleost heart in vivo.

The tonical cholinergic and adrenergic influence on the heart rate was investigated in vivo in seven species of marine teleosts (pollack, Pollachius pollachius; cuckoo wrasse, Labrus mixtus; ballan wrasse, Labrus berggylta; five-bearded rockling, Ciliata mustela; tadpole fish, Raniceps raninus; eel-pout, Zoarces viviparus and short-spined sea scorpion, Myoxocephalus scor pius) during rest and, in two of the species (P. pollachius and L. mixtus), also during moderate swimming exercise in a Blazka-type swim tunnel. Ventral aortic blood pressure and heart rate were recorded via a catheter implanted in an afferent branchial artery, and the influence of the cholinergic and adrenergic tonus on the heart rate was assessed by injection of atropine and sotalol respectively. During rest the adrenergic tonus was higher than the cholinergic tonus in all species except L. berggylta, where the reverse was true. In P. pollachius and L. mixtus, exercise appeared to produce a lowering of the cholinergic tonus on the heart and, possibly, a slight increase of the adrenergic tonus. The nature of the adrenergic tonus (humoral or neural) is not clear, but the low plasma concentrations of catecholamines both during rest and exercise could be interpreted in favour of a mainly neural adrenergic tonus on the teleost heart. These experiments are compatible with the view that both a cholinergic inhibitory tonus and an adrenergic excitatory tonus are general features in the control of the teleost heart in vivo, both at rest and during moderate swimming exercise.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Pathogenicity of hemosporidians (Sporozoa, Haemosporidia) of birds].

Ultrastructure of the cyst's wall was studied in monocercus type larvae of 5 species of the family Dilepididae: Dichoanotaenia tundra, Particterotaenia porosa, Platyscolex ciliata, Sacciuterina stellifera and Trichocephaloides megalocephala. In all examined cysticercoids the cyst's wall is of identical structure. It differs from the cyst's wall of larvae of the family Hymenolepididae by the character of material filling tegument, by fibrous and muscular, elements forming independent layers, by the absence of myelin-like layer limiting the cyst cavity. In addition to cytons and myofibroblasts in the cyst parenchima there are secretory cells producing electronic dense granules similar to those produced by neurosecretory cells of tape forms of cestodes.

Adipose Tissue↗
PubMed1984

[The ciliary apparatus of the lingual mucosa in the frog].

By means of scanning and transmission microscopy it has been examined the ciliary system of the tongue mucosa. The scanning electronmicrographs of the fungiform papillae have revealed three ciliary apparatuses allocated respectively: at the papillary summit (corona ciliata and a narrow but separated paracoronal ciliary system) and on the peduncolar papillary stem. The cilia of both paracoronal and peduncolar groups have not been yet described. Also the filiform papillae are supplied with cilia but as irregularly distributed groups. The border of the tongue is a continuous and normal ciliary epithelium and finally groups of cilia are scattered also on the whole sublingual epithelium. At the transmission microscopy the cells of all the examined mucosal ciliary groups are showing a normal ultrastructural aspect.

Animals↗
PubMed1976

Studies on the biodegradation of nonionic surfactants applied in the polyestre fibre industry. III. Effect of adaptation on the respiratory activity of organisms and on the biocenosis of inoculated sludge.

Manometric studies were conducted in 3 series. In the first one the sludge used for inoculation was non adapted to water purification containing surfactants. In the second and third series it was adapted to the sludge load 0.11 and 0.28 mg surfactant/mg d.w./day respectively. Increase in oxygen uptake was proportional to the degree of the adaptation of microorganisms only within limited range of surfactant concentration not exceeding 500 mg/l for Cirrasol FP and 1000 mg/l for Cirrasol SF and Cirrasol TCS. The toxic action of surfactants against Ciliata was noted at concentration above 100 mg/l and for Mastigota and Sarcodina above 500 mg/l, even by using adapted sludge for inoculation.

Adaptation, Physiological↗
PubMed1982

[Quantitative aspects of ciliary apparatus motility of fungiform papillae].

The present research is intended to evaluate the frequency of the ciliary beat in different formations of the frog's oral cavity. The phenomenon has been quantitatively evaluated on the television images of mucus-ciliary waves by means of a photometric method, in order to obtain an electrical indication of the beat frequency. The results show that frequency of the ciliary beat is not uniform in all formations examinated. Differences in the beat frequency were evidenced in the single coronae ciliatae, further the frequencies of the beat decreases sistematically from the base to the tip of the tongue. The cilia on the lingual edge and on the palat exhibit a similar behaviour. The uniformity of the ciliary behaviour in the whole oral cavity is stressed and the factors contributing to a particular ciliary frequency in the fungiform papillae are discussed.

Animals↗
PubMed1996

Effect of plant extracts and systemic fungicide on the pineapple fruit-rotting fungus, Ceratocystis paradoxa.

Antifungal activities of extracts of sixteen plants were tested against Ceratocystis paradoxa which causes soft rot of pineapples. Xanthium strumarium was the most effective followed by Allium sativum. The effectiveness of various extracts against C. paradoxa was in the decreasing order of Meriandra bengalensis, Mentha piperita, Curcuma longa, Phlogacanthus thyrsiflorus, Toona ciliata, Vitex negundo, Azadirachta indica, Eupatorium birmanicum, Ocimum sanctum and Leucas aspera. Extracts of Cassia tora, Gynura cusimba, Calotropis gigantea and Ocimum canum showed poor fungitoxicity. Ethanol was suitable for extraction of the inhibitory substance from X. strumarium. Acetonitrile was highly toxic to this fungus. Millipore filter-sterilized extracts had a more inhibitory effect on the fungus than the autoclaved samples. Treatment of pineapple fruits infested with C. paradoxa by X. strumarium extract reduced the severity of the disease.

Ascomycota↗