Search PubMed⌕ Search

SEARCH · Search PubMed

Results for “CHIROPRACTIC”

Search indexed PubMed citations on genomics, clinical trials, systematic reviews and public health. Explore titles, authors and supplied subject terms, then open the PubMed record.

Quote a phrase for an exact phrase match. Source license links do not imply unrestricted reuse.

At least 199 records · Page 11Linked to original sources
PubMed1994

Gloom or boom for chiropractic in its second century? A comparison of the demise of alternative healing professions.

As Americans suffered through the heroic medicine of the 1800s, many medical alternatives, known as sects, evolved in the United States. Examination of the developments and problems encountered of medical sects, namely Thomsonism, homeopathy, osteopathy, naturopathy and chiropractic, reveals many similarities among them. While some sects have either dissolved or been absorbed by other professions, chiropractic has survived as a separate and distinct healing art. As chiropractic approaches its centennial celebration, it continues to demonstrate specific sectarian characteristics that may hinder progression into the future. This paper examines parallels among the developments of chiropractic and other alternatives. A review of some historic and contemporary scholars' predictions for the future of chiropractic is presented as well as potential solutions.

Chiropractic↗
PubMed1996

Chiropractic's tension with the germ theory of disease.

After briefly reviewing the development of the germ theory of disease, the author delineates the opposition that the germ theory met from many practitioners, especially chiropractors. This paper explores the evolution of chiropractic's position regarding the germ theory of disease and its dominance in medicine's approach to prophylactic therapy by surveying the chiropractic literature. If the number of monograph and journal publications is indicative of the degree of chiropractic sentiment against the germ theory, the opposition to the theory was heaviest in the 1940's, trailing off to only the occasional monograph or journal article in the 1970's and beyond. Although the development of penicillin and the Salk vaccine may be tied to the demise of most published chiropractic opposition to the germ theory of disease, the basic differences between medicine's approach and chiropractic's approach to disease still remain. Although the differences may be ones of degree, the approaches taken as to whether disease is caused and cured from within the body or from outside the body remains a very real philosophical distinction between the two methods of health care.

Bacteriology↗
PubMed1999

The Bakkum Chiropractic Clinic and Hospital.

The number of chiropractic facilities that offered in-patient care peaked in the period between World Wars I and II. Little information is available about the vast majority of these facilities. One of these was the Bakkum Chiropractic Clinic and Hospital in Waukon, Iowa. The proprietor was Roy C. Bakkum, D.C., who along with his wife, Jessie H. Bakkum, D.C., opened this thirty bed facility in 1936. The only therapeutic intervention that the majority of patients received at this facility was hole-in-one (HIO) adjustment. Unfortunately, mainly because of economic pressures, the facility closed in 1950. The Bakkum Chiropractic Clinic and Hosptial may have been fairly typical of the small chiropractic facilities that offered in-patient care. Most of them closed in the post-World War II period, mostly due to economic difficulties. Dr. Roy Bakkum not only had the vision of chiropractors as true primary care-givers, but tried to implement that vision to the best of his ability. He saw the chiropractic adjustment as the main therapeutic intervention that the vast majority of people should receive, even as in-patients. Radical allopathic or surgical intervention would have only been called upon as needed, rather than being the usual and customary primary care that is currently the norm.

Chiropractic↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Treatment of Bell's palsy by mechanical force, manually assisted chiropractic adjusting and high-voltage electrotherapy.

Bell's palsy is a relatively common, painful, unilateral facial paralysis of unknown etiology. While often claimed to be successfully treated by chiropractic methods, no standard treatment approach is generally recognized within the profession, nor has any report of chiropractic treatment of this condition been reported in the literature. This article discusses two cases of Bell's palsy successfully treated by mechanical force, manually assisted chiropractic adjusting technique combined with high-voltage electrotherapy. While these two cases do not necessarily represent any rule for the chiropractic treatment of Bell's palsy by the methods used, or for other chiropractic methods that may be used, they do represent an initial time/treatment "baseline" by which future inter- and intratechnique comparisons may be made for the determination of relative effectiveness.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1992

Who's interested in chiropractic history?

OBJECTIVE: To determine the extent of interest in chiropractic history among chiropractors in various nations, states and provinces. DATA SOURCES: The worldwide chiropractor population distribution was determined by noting the circulation of the biweekly magazine, Dynamic Chiropractic. Interest in chiropractic history among chiropractors was implied by inclusion in the Membership Directory of the Association for the History of Chiropractic (AHC). DATA EXTRACTION: An interest index was derived by expressing the number of members of the AHC as a percentage of the chiropractor population in each region. DATA SYNTHESIS: Worldwide membership in the AHC involves less than 1% of the total estimated chiropractor population; Canadian chiropractors demonstrated twice as much interest proportionately compared to all other members of the profession. CONCLUSIONS: Reasons for the minimal interest in chiropractic history are considered, and recommendations for increasing historical interest and scholarship are provided.

Australia↗
PubMed1991

The sociopolitical development of British chiropractic.

This paper presents a brief history of British chiropractic and its relationship with chiropractic in North America and on the European continent. The relatively strong presence of osteopathy as a form of manual medicine and the laissez-faire market conditions which Common Law permits alternative health practitioners to practice under, regardless of training and qualifications, have historically impeded the growth of chiropractic in Britain. Nevertheless, the opening of the Anglo-European College of Chiropractic in Bourne-mouth in 1965 has resulted in a rapid increase in the number of chiropractors in Britain. The growing interest of certain strategic British elites in manipulative therapy as a method for treating musculoskeletal problems in the general population is enhancing the legitimacy of both chiropractic and osteopathy.

Chiropractic↗
PubMedDate not supplied

A look in the mirror: a critical and exploratory study of public perceptions of the chiropractic profession in New Jersey.

This paper reports the results of a telephone survey of 693 respondents which was commissioned by the New Jersey Chiropractic Society. This exploratory study provides a broad-ranging and critical examination of key aspects relating to the chiropractic profession as it is practiced in New Jersey. The study concludes that chiropractic in New Jersey is a viable means of treating various disorders, but there remains much confusion and distrust among prospective and current patients as well as the threat of heightened competition from other health professionals. Chiropractic must develop clear boundaries around the number and extent of the conditions it claims to treat, and must substantiate its claims with valid clinical trials. A research-based education campaign is necessary if the discipline is to encourage nonusers to become users. The most powerful vehicle for influencing public opinion and the number of referrals is family and friends. The findings also indicate that comparisons with medical doctors can backfire, making the "chiropractic physician" (the professional label preferred by most respondents) less qualified by comparison. Rather than reject the paradoxical nature of their role as primary care physicians and specialists in spine-related disorders, chiropractors should embrace this uniqueness and establish themselves as a integral component of the health care network. Clearer boundaries, a grounding in scientific clinical research and better interprofessional relations can ensure continued growth and success in New Jersey.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

An evaluation of chiropractic manipulation as a treatment of hyperactivity in children.

The principle aim of this study was to determine the effectiveness of chiropractic manipulative therapy in the treatment of children with hyperactivity. Using blinds between investigators and a single subject research design, the investigators evaluated the effectiveness of the treatment for reducing activity levels of hyperactive children. Data collection included independent evaluations of behavior using a unique wrist-watch type device to mechanically measure activity while the children completed tasks simulating school-work. Further evaluations included electrodermal tests to measure autonomic nervous system activity. Chiropractic clinical evaluations to measure improvement in spinal biomechanics were also completed. Placebo care was given prior to chiropractic intervention. Data were analyzed visually and using nonparametric statistical methods. Five of seven children showed improvement in mean behavioral scores from placebo care to treatment. Four of seven showed improvement in arousal levels, and the improvement in the group as a whole was highly significant (p = 0.009). Agreement between tests was also high in this study. For all seven children, three of the four principal tests used to detect improvement were in agreement either positively or negatively (parent ratings of activity, motion recorder scores, electrodermal measures, and X-rays of spinal distortions). While the behavioral improvement taken alone can only be considered suggestive, the strong interest agreement can be taken as more impressive evidence that the majority of the children in this study did, in fact, improve under specific chiropractic care. The results of this study, then, are not conclusive, however, they do suggest that chiropractic manipulation has the potential to become an important nondrug intervention for children with hyperactivity. Further investigation in this area is certainly warranted.

Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity↗
PubMed1989

The Connecticut survey of public attitudes toward chiropractic.

This paper reports the results of a public opinion survey of attitudes toward chiropractic, commissioned by the Connecticut Chiropractic Association and carried out by the Institute for Social Inquiry at the University of Connecticut. Telephone interviews with 500 randomly selected households elicited responses from a representative sample of Connecticut residents. While 28% of the respondents stated they were not at all familiar with chiropractic, 21% (that is, 104 of the 500) had visited a chiropractor at least once. A total of 40% of the respondents or a member of their family had gone to a chiropractor. Of the respondents who went, 78% rated their treatment as effective, 89% were satisfied with the amount of personal attention they received, 72% were satisfied with the cost of their treatment, and 72% said they would go again for the same or similar problem. When those who are familiar with chiropractic were asked their overall opinion of it, 78% of those who expressed a definite opinion were favorable; however, only 61% of this group thought "most people in Connecticut" have a favorable opinion of chiropractic. When those familiar with chiropractors but who had never been to one were asked if they would go to one for a problem chiropractors treat, 59% said they would go and 68% of those who were familiar said they would encourage a friend to go. Respondents' factual information and attitudes about what chiropractors do were probed in depth.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Attitude to Health↗
PubMed1985

Chiropractic and medical models of health care--a contemporary perspective.

Chiropractic and medical models of health care are perceived as philosophically incompatible by chiropractic practitioners and spokesmen for the medical profession. This alleged incompatibility is used to rationalize the resistance of the medical profession to the functional integration of chiropractic into the orthodox referral system. Structural integration of chiropractic into the orthodox health care system which is unaccompanied by functional integration fails to confer upon patients the benefits of that system. It is therefore in the interests of patient care that the alleged philosophical differences be examined and, if possible, resolved. Examination of the chiropractic and relevant medical models of health care in the contemporary context of the health disease continuum sheds new light on traditional philosophical conflicts.

Chiropractic↗
PubMed1985

Toward an experimental chiropractic: time-series designs.

If chiropractic is to develop as a clinical science, it must develop an experimental data-base. Despite numerous continuing obstacles, a growing segment of the profession is advocating chiropractic clinical trials. However, the large-scale control-group clinical-experimental designs which have most frequently been recommended are usually beyond the economic means of chiropractic institutions. Moreover, such designs are impractical in many ways for the chiropractic field-doctor who wishes to integrate the roles of scientist and practitioner. Time-series experimental (and case study) designs offer practical and economical alternatives for the DC, whether inter, solo-practitioner, or academic researcher. Several types of time-series designs are described, published examples from related health-care literature are noted, and the role of time-series research in furthering the goals of chiropractic research are reviewed. Ethical considerations in clinical research are briefly noted.

Chiropractic↗
PubMed1982

Survey of chiropractic in Dade County, Florida.

This survey of the members of the Dade County Chiropractic Society of Miami, Florida was initiated with the encouragement and under the supervision of the Dade County Health Systems Agency (HSA). The purpose of the survey was to obtain information relative to the inclusion of chiropractic into future health planning to be conducted by the HSA. The survey was divided into a "Physicians Survey" obtaining information on location, office hours, gross income, total patient visits and type of practice of the doctor, and a "Patient Survey" obtaining information on age, sex, ethnic origin, residence, and payment source of the patients. Clinical information on initial complaints, diagnoses, treatment, referrals, and amount of care was also obtained. It was found that chiropractors work an average of 31.7 hours per week with a gross annual income of $74,750.00 (1979). The male-female distribution of patients was equal and the average patient age was 43.4 years. Anglocaucasian category comprised 80.2% of the patient sample. Nearly 50% of all chiropractic patients pay for services rendered out of their own pocket. Of the primary diagnosis, 81.3% related to the spine. The study concludes that the practice of chiropractic in Dade County is very similar to the practice of chiropractic in general.

Chiropractic↗
PubMed1995

Toward a reconstruction of the philosophy of chiropractic.

The development of a philosophy of chiropractic is reviewed with reference to the reductionist trend in chiropractic epistemology. The debate within chiropractic between the positivistic materialist position and the anachronistic traditionalist position is examined in terms of the emerging needs of the profession to develop a critical approach to the experimental nature of the patient/practitioner relationship. The potential for phenomenology, hermeneutics and science to illuminate the epistemology debate is discussed with reference to the emancipatory role of critical theory. The paper concludes with a discussion of how external power relations have affected the development of chiropractic epistemology and the emancipatory potential of the postulates of the founder of chiropractic, Daniel David Palmer.

Chiropractic↗
PubMed1993

A model for developing standards of care of the chiropractic paraprofessional by task analysis.

BACKGROUND: This report is an examination of the demographics of currently employed chiropractic paraprofessionals, including a compilation and verification of a job analysis. Despite the increasing sophistication and accountability of the chiropractic practice, the chiropractic assistant has not maintained a parallel level of maturity. METHODS: Three data-gathering instruments were employed: a) a general survey was used to gather demographics; b) a program for developing a curriculum (DACUM) was used to develop a job analysis; and c) a survey was used to verify tasks and duty areas developed by the DACUM meetings. RESULTS: Demographically, chiropractic paraprofessionals are people with a wide variety of training and duties. Verification surveys of the DACUM model yielded no new tasks or duty areas and assigned relevance to all the tasks listed in the DACUM grid. CONCLUSIONS: No uniform standard of training or competency testing now exists for the chiropractic paraprofessional. The DACUM grid may serve as a useful model for developing a standard of training or competency.

Allied Health Personnel↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Chiropractic diagnosis and treatment of closed head trauma.

OBJECTIVE: The objective of this article is to review the current literature relating to the chiropractic diagnosis and treatment of closed head trauma. It outlines the clinical exam, offers a diagnostic protocol and describes current chiropractic management and treatment of acute and chronic closed head trauma. Particular importance is placed on the need to differentiate between mild, moderate and severe head injury. Treatment protocols are elucidated for cerebral concussion and a rationale proposed for the management and treatment of posttraumatic concussion syndrome. DATA SOURCES: Information was obtained from English language chiropractic, medical and scientific journals as well as chiropractic and medical textbooks. The CHIROLARS data retrieval system was used (year 0-1992) as was the MEDLINE data base (1988-1992). Head trauma, head injury, headache, concussion, vertigo, posttraumatic syndrome and whiplash injury were the indexing terms used. CONCLUSION: The doctor of chiropractic is often the first practitioner a patient will see following a motor vehicle accident, sports injury or other acute trauma. The chiropractor is also the practitioner a patient seeks for help after suffering for months with chronic posttraumatic concussion syndrome. It is important that we have a protocol for effectively managing both acute and chronic closed head injury.

Chiropractic↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Basic science research in chiropractic: the state of the art and recommendations for a research agenda.

A position paper was prepared as background information for participants in the National Workshop to Develop the Chiropractic Workshop Agenda conducted by the Palmer Center for Chiropractic Research, Davenport, Iowa. The paper was revised in light of comments and suggestions at the workshop by participants and by a workgroup composed of basic scientists from within and outside of chiropractic. This final article documents the history of basic science research in chiropractic, and the current state of the art of basic science research conducted since 1975 by chiropractors or investigators at chiropractic institutions in North America. Seed recommendations contained in the working paper for the development of an adequate infrastructure needed to conduct future research and seed recommendations for a future basic science research agenda were also modified and revised by the workgroup participants through a modified nominal group process. The final recommendations contained in this article represent a synthesis of these recommendations and those of the authors.

Animals↗
PubMed1997

The Chiropractic Outcome Study: pain, functional ability and satisfaction with care.

OBJECTIVE: To examine changes in pain experienced, changes in functional ability and degree of patient satisfaction with chiropractic care. Patient characteristics influencing these parameters were also explored. DESIGN: A follow-up study consisting of a questionnaire to be completed at the beginning of treatment and a mailed questionnaire 6 wk later. SETTING: Non-random sample of 13 chiropractic practices in Calgary and Red Deer, Alberta, Canada. PATIENTS: Three hundred sixty-nine patients presenting with neck and/or back pain who saw a chiropractor for the first time or who had not seen a chiropractor for a period for 6 months before the first visit. RESULTS: Pain relief and changes in functional ability were greatest among patients whose initial pain or disability level was moderate or severe. No significant improvement was found among those whose initial level of pain or disability was mild. Pain relief and improved functional ability was greatest among those with an acute condition and those who saw no one other than the chiropractor during treatment. In addition, pain relief was highest among men, those who perceived themselves to be in good or excellent health and those who had completed treatment in 6 wk. Patients positively endorsed all items on the satisfaction questionnaire, indicating a high level of satisfaction with the care they received. Patients were most satisfied with access to chiropractic care and least satisfied with financial aspects. Improvement in pain and in back and neck disability were significantly related to general satisfaction. CONCLUSION: Based on these results, it seems that patients suffering from back and/or neck complaints experience chiropractic care as an effective means of resolving or ameliorating pain and functional impairments, thus reinforcing previous results showing the benefits of chiropractic treatment for back and neck pain.

Back Pain↗
PubMedDate not supplied

The chiropractic consultation: a stressful experience?

INTRODUCTION: Psychosocial stress has been linked to compromised health status. Prolonged exposure to minor problems has been found to have an equal or greater impact on health status than exposure to isolated major events. Stress is, however, determined by the reaction of the individual to a stimulus; stress responses can be managed, and ill health outcomes can be minimized. This paper explores the stress level associated with the chiropractic consultation. METHOD: A case study using closed questions. Purposive sampling of chiropractors by the researcher and convenience sampling of patients by participating chiropractors was undertaken. Chiropractors and patients completed closed questions on the level of stress they believed patients associated with the chiropractic consultation. RESULTS: A case study of 25 chiropractors and 137 patients found that although the chiropractic consultation was not regarded as stressful by most patients, some patients found adjustment stressful. Chiropractors assessment of perceived stress varied according to the patient. The trend was for practitioners to overestimate the stress felt by the patient. CONCLUSION: Chiropractors demonstrated the personalized nature of their care by the specificity of their responses to each patient. The importance of explaining the adjustment and the sensations that patients are likely to experience, particularly in new patients, is confirmed. The desirability of scrutinizing the patient for evidence of stress and of using diverse strategies for minimizing the stress response are discussed. Although the chiropractic consultation is not generally regarded as a stress-provoking experience, chiropractors should actively screen their patients for evidence of stress and take steps to enhance their patients' perceptions of the chiropractic consultation as a stress-free experience.

Australia↗