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At least 199 records · Page 11Linked to original sources
PubMed1990

[Preliminary study of an interdisciplinary examination of the body height proportions of Germans in the 19th century and of the influence of living conditions. I. Introductory justification, problems and preliminary studies based on authentic sources from the political districts from northern Germany to Württemburg].

Researches about the influences of the nutritional conditions on body-height need interdisciplinary co-operation of Anthropology, History, and Dietetics. Such a team will be difficult succeed in joining. Especially interesting for human sciences are nutritional-constitutional researches on German populations in the 19th century, because in this century multifarious varieties exist within the German settlement. Author hopes, that preliminary original researches and first trends in results facilitate the joining of such an interdisciplinary team. In part I of this inquiry, the necessity for nutritional-constitutional researches are justified, problems are treated and mustering-statistics, the most important data-material, are collected for the political regions of that time from North to the kingdom Württemberg. The kingdom Württemberg of course is the political region with the most continuous data-series, but the data-material is poor on body-height-means and needs new statistical treatments. Less data are particularly available from the middle of the German settlement.

Anthropometry↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Prediction of maximal oxygen consumption from body mass, height and body surface area in young sedentary subjects.

The study was aimed to establish prediction norms for maximal oxygen uptake (VO2max) from age, body mass and body surface area (BSA) in young sedentary subjects of Kolkata, India. Students of 20-24 years (male = 40 and female = 40) were recruited by simple random sampling from University of Calcutta, Kolkata. Thirty participants from each sex were further randomly alloted to the "study group" and rest 10 participants to the "confirmatory group". Physical parameters were measured and VO2max determination comprised of incremental bi-cycle exercise followed by expired gas analysis in Scholander micro-gas analyzer. Significant (P<0.001) correlation of VO2max existed with age, body mass, body height and BSA. Prediction of VO2max in the confirmatory groups using the norms obtained from different physical parameters depicted insignificant variation from the directly measured value of VO2max. Among these equations VO2max prediction from BSA was considered as the most valid one because of its highest correlation coefficient with VO2max in both the sexes. Multiple regression equation for prediction of VO2max from body mass and body height was also computed. The equation established from BSA is recommended as the most reliable and valid to predict VO2max in the young sedentary subjects of Kolkata, India; and multiple regression equations are also recommended for cross-checking the value.

Adult↗
PubMed1976

Analysis of body height in 829 patients with different forms of testicular pathology.

Analysis of body height was performed in the control group of 500 well-fertile men and in 829 patients with various forms of testicular pathology such as hypoplasia of testicles, unilateral and bilateral cryptorchism, hypogonadotrophic eunuchodism, and Klinefelter's syndrome. A statistically greater average height was found in bilateral cryptorchids, unilateral cryptorchids with an adequate spermiogenesis, hypogonadotrophic eunuchoids and chromatin-positive men. The greatest difference, when compared with the control group, was found in patients with a Klinefelter's syndrome. The authors hold the view that the plasmatic testosterone values are not the only factor conditioning the termination of the process of growth into height in males. Importance must also be given to the lowered sensibility of epiphysial growth zones to male sex hormone; this reduced sensibility is especially to be seen in chromatin-positive men.

Adult↗
PubMed2000

Body height correction in scoliosis patients for pulmonary function test.

We studied standing anteroposterior roentgenograms from 140 scoliosis patients and obtained a correction equation for body height by Cobb angle. This equation is applicable to patients with a double curve or special curve pattern as well as patients with a single curve. The repeatability of the method examined with this equation was higher than that with the previous correction method for body height by Cobb angle, and the difference between the corrected values and the measured values was small. Therefore, this method is considered to be more reliable.

Journal Article↗
PubMed2005

Relationship between body height and dementia.

OBJECTIVE: Structural and functional brain reserves, thought to develop in childhood and adolescence, may be critical in determining the age at onset of cognitive impairment. Body height is affected by childhood conditions that promote growth. The authors examine the relationship of height in midlife and subsequent dementia, Alzheimer disease (AD), and vascular dementia. METHODS: Dementia was evaluated from 1999 to 2001 in 1,892 men age 76 to 95. Height had been measured when these men participated in the Israeli Ischemic Heart Disease project in 1963. Age, socioeconomic status (SES), and area of birth were also assessed in 1963. RESULTS: Older men and those with lower SES tended to be shorter. Relative to the shortest quartile, controlling for age, SES, and area of birth, the other quartiles had lesser respective odds ratios for dementia as a whole, AD, and vascular dementia. CONCLUSION: Height was inversely associated with dementia, AD, and vascular dementia in a male sample. Since height is associated with childhood nutrition and may be associated with other risk factors for dementia, efforts to improve early life conditions that maximize body growth may diminish or delay the onset of dementia in later life.

Adult↗
PubMed1998

Major gene control of human body height, weight and BMI in five ethnically different populations.

Pedigree samples were collected from five ethnically and geographically different populations: Kirghizians, Turkmenians, Chuvashians, Israelis and Mexicans. All studied individuals were assessed for body height, weight and BMI. The sample size in the studied pedigrees ranged from 381 to 1811 individuals. Segregation analysis of these traits preliminarily adjusted for sex and age was performed by means of program package MAN that provides parameter estimates for the major gene effects, for the residual within the genotype correlations between relatives and for the assortative mating. By the usual transmission probability tests, the 'environmental' model was strongly rejected for all measured traits in all 5 populations. The major gene mode of inheritance, however, was accepted for all traits. The results of analysis in 5 populations were remarkably similar, and showed that except for Mexican sample, the proportion of variance attributable to major gene effect ranged between 37 and 53% for body weight and height. In the Mexican sample it explained only about 14% of the body weight variation. The proportion of inter-individual variation in BMI attributable to major gene effect was consistently lower in all populations in comparison with height and weight and ranged between 17 and 40%. Strong assortative mating in body height, as estimated by correlation between putative major gene genotypes in spouses, was found in four populations, not including Mexican pedigrees.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1990

[Relationship between late adolescent growth of mandible and maturity indicators--mandibular third molar, hand bones, body height--in Japanese boys].

The study was undertaken to investigate the individual growth timing of the mandible during late adolescent period. Materials used in this study were lateral cephalometric X-rays, hand bones X-rays, panorama X-rays and data of standing height of eighteen Skeletal Class I Japanese boys, all were longitudinally taken from 15 to 18 years old. Results were as follows: 1. Mandibular growth was continued to increase until 18 years old, but annual growth rate was decreased every year. 2. Growth increments of mandibular length was widely varied during 15 to 18 years old. 3. Ossification timing of MP3u and R-IJ stage were tended to delay in cases, represented large amount of growth. 4. Cases showing large amount of growth in the mandible tended to have large increments in body height. 5. There was less correlation between mandibular growth timing and maturation of lower third molars. In conclusion, the growth behavior of hand bones and body height could be used as indicators for predicting mandibular growth potentiality during late adolescent period.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2000

Body height is a determinant of seasonal blood pressure variation in patients with essential hypertension.

To determine the factors that affect seasonal variation in blood pressure (BP) in a fairly large number of patients with essential hypertension who stayed almost entirely indoors in a stable environmental temperature and who took a calcium channel blocker during the study. This prospective study of hypertensive patients was conducted during the summer and winter. BP was measured by ambulatory blood pressure monitoring; the indoor temperature was measured at the time of the BP measurement using an electrothermometer with the subject awake and indoors. Subjects comprised 38 men and 57 women. The subjects spent virtually the entire day indoors during both the summer (men, 22.1+/-1.6 h; women, 23.0+/-0.9 h) and winter (men, 23.0+/-0.9 h; women, 22.9+/-0.9 h). During the waking hours, the systolic/diastolic BPs were significantly higher during the winter than the summer. The differences were 8+/-9/4+/-5 mmHg in men and 5+/-11/2+/-6 mmHg in women; these values were not significantly different between men and women. No significant seasonal differences in BP during the sleeping hours were noted. There was a significant difference of approximately 6 degrees C in the environmental temperature during waking hours, but there was no significant difference in urinary excretion of sodium or in exercise activity between the seasons. Only body height was significantly correlated with the winter increase in waking BP in both men and women, even after adjustment for potential confounding variables. Body height was a determinant of the increase in waking BP during the winter in hypertensive patients who lived almost entirely indoors.

Adult↗
PubMed2005

Body mass index, body height, and subsequent risk of colorectal cancer in middle-aged and elderly Japanese men and women: Japan public health center-based prospective study.

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the association of body mass index (BMI) or body height with colorectal cancer incidence in a population-based prospective study. METHODS: We identified 986 (626 men and 360 women) newly diagnosed cases of colorectal cancer during the 9.4-year follow-up of a cohort consisting of 102,949 (49,158 male and 53,791 female) middle-aged and elderly Japanese. RESULTS: Lower BMI groups (lower than 23) were not associated with colorectal cancer compared with the 23-24.9 BMI group. Any categories of 25-26.9, 27-29.9, or 30 or more BMI were associated with an increased risk of colorectal cancer compared with the lower than 25 BMI (RR, 1.2 for 25-26.9, 1.4 for 27-29.9, and 1.5 for 30 or more; p for trend, 0.004) in men. These associations were more evident only in invasive-type cancer analysis. BMI was not associated with the risk of colorectal cancer in women. No significant association with height was obtained for either men or women. CONCLUSIONS: The association of BMI with colorectal cancer was confirmed in a Japanese population as well as Western populations. Only invasive-cancer analysis suggested that BMI was important for tumor growth and proliferation. Approximately 6.7% of colorectal cancer was attributable to a BMI of 25 or higher in middle-aged and elderly Japanese men.

Adult↗
PubMed1998

British 1990 growth reference centiles for weight, height, body mass index and head circumference fitted by maximum penalized likelihood.

To update the British growth reference, anthropometric data for weight, height, body mass index (weight/height2) and head circumference from 17 distinct surveys representative of England, Scotland and Wales (37,700 children, age range 23 weeks gestation to 23 years) were analysed by maximum penalized likelihood using the LMS method. This estimates the measurement centiles in terms of three age-sex-specific cubic spline curves: the L curve (Box-Cox power to remove skewness), M curve (median) and S curve (coefficient of variation). A two-stage fitting procedure was developed to model the age trends in median weight and height, and simulation was used to estimate confidence intervals for the fitted centiles. The reference converts measurements to standard deviation scores (SDS) that are very close to Normally distributed - the means, medians and skewness for the four measurements are effectively zero overall, with standard deviations very close to one and only slight evidence of positive kurtosis beyond+/-2 SDS. The ability to express anthropometry as SDS greatly simplifies growth assessment.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1997

Height, body weight, and risk of prostate cancer.

Using data from the Health Professionals Follow-Up Study, we prospectively examined the relationships between height, body mass index, waist and hip circumferences, and risk of total and advanced (extraprostatic and metastatic) prostate cancer. In addition, we assessed adiposity during childhood, adolescence, and early, middle, and late adulthood using pictograms in relation to prostate cancer risk. Between 1986 and 1994, 1,369 cases of prostate cancer (excluding stage A1) were confirmed in 47,781 men. Adult body mass index and waist and hip circumferences were not appreciably related to risk of total prostate cancer or advanced prostate cancer. In contrast, preadult (age 10) obesity assessed in 33,336 men in 1988 was prospectively related to lower risk of advanced [relative risk (RR) = 0.72 with 95% confidence interval (CI) = 0.47-1.10, between high and low quintiles; P(trend) = 0.06] and metastatic prostate cancer (RR = 0.38 with 95% CI = 0.19-0.77; P(trend) = 0.004). For the advanced lesions, an association was observed with height (RR = 1.68 with 95% CI = 1.16-2.43 for men 74 inches or taller, relative to men 68 inches or shorter; P(trend) = 0.01). In an analysis limited to particularly aggressive forms of prostate cancer, i.e., cases found to be metastatic at time of diagnosis between 1988 and 1994 after a negative digital rectal examination in 1988, we found that obesity at ages 5 and 10 had a strong inverse association (RR = 0.16 with 95% CI = 0.05-0.54, between high and low quintiles at age 10) and that tallness had a strong direct association with risk of metastatic disease (RR = 2.29 with 95% CI = 1.04-5.05, for height > or = 74 inches versus < or = 68 inches). Our findings suggest that the preadult hormonal milieu, as reflected in attained height and childhood obesity, may have a strong influence on prostate carcinogenesis.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1983

Height, body composition, biological maturation and training in relation to socio-economic status in girl gymnasts, swimmers, and controls.

This study examined the height, body composition, prevalence of obesity, biological maturation and training in relation to socio-economic status of 78 female gymnasts (age 138 +/- 18 months), 52 girl swimmers (age 134 +/- 24 months) and 116 control girls (age 131 +/- 21 months). The female gymnasts are shorter and lighter than girl swimmers. They are also shorter than control girls comparing the growth percentiles. The weight to height ratio (w/h) and the Quetelet index are the same for the groups. The female gymnasts have less fat, and a later biological maturation than girl swimmers and controls. The socio-economic status of girl swimmers is lower than that of the control group. Nevertheless the girl swimmers are taller and they have the same biological maturation as the controls. The girl swimmers are even more matured than the gymnasts. The gymnasts have the same socio-economic status as the controls, but they are shorter and less matured. Therefore, in the investigated groups no positive relationship between height and socio-economic status exists. Nor is a low socio-economic status accompanied by a late biological maturation or a higher prevalence of obesity. Training did not correlate with socio-economic status in gymnasts or controls, only in the swimming group a weak correlation was found.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Reference values and modelling of lung function development as a transcendent function of age, body height and mass.

We present new lung function reference values based on an investigation of 1024 healthy subjects aged 6-81 years. The dependent variables, i.e. VC, FEV1, RV, FRC, TLC, PEF, MEF50 and MEF25 are expressed as transcendent functions of age, body height and mass. A single equation covers the age range from 6 to 81 years and reflects certain phenomena such as growth, maturation, ageing, sex differences and the undermass-overmass effect. This allows a more accurate determination of individualized reference values and normal limits.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1983

A comparison of the body height of the Israeli-born and immigrants to Israel.

This paper reports a study of body height in the adult Jewish population of Israel, comparing native-born with immigrant groups. The sample tested included 1,411 men and 961 women, all clinically healthy according to the results of multiphasic screening. The phenomenon observed in other immigration-absorbing countries also holds for Israel: native Israelis are significantly taller than their immigrant counterparts. The findings were verified over different age and working activity strata, and thus may be taken to reflect the influence of better socioeconomic and environmental conditions on the bodily development of those born in Israel.

Africa↗