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At least 199 records · Page 11Linked to original sources
PubMed2003

Pictures of Dorothy Hodgkin.

There are no established conventions for portraying scientific women. At the Royal Society, the first image of a female scientist was Henry Moore's drawing of Dorothy Hodgkin's hands, cruelly twisted by agonising arthritis. In her famous oil portrait, Maggi Hambling also focuses on Hodgkin's hands, thus symbolising the Nobel-prize winner's dedication to research and the importance of manual dexterity. Although Hambling's picture features a model of insulin, it is very different from photographs celebrating the discovery of DNA.

Academies and Institutes↗
PubMed1993

Ophthalmology and vanity fair.

Vanity Fair was the leading Society magazine of Victorian and Edwardian England. A key feature of each weekly issue was the inclusion of a chromolithographed caricature and biographic sketch of a prominent individual. The author undertook a survey of the more than 2000 caricatures published from 1869 to 1914 to determine if any portrayed an ophthalmologist. Seventy-nine of the caricatures depicted physicians and scientists, of whom three were ophthalmologists: Sir Jonathan Hutchinson, Sir Robert Brudenell Carter, and Sir Anderson Critchett. A brief sketch of their ophthalmic accomplishments is presented. Caricatures from Vanity Fair are avidly sought after and are often found in antique shops, sporting venues, and professional offices, especially those of lawyers and judges. It has been said that when seeking the true perspective of the Victorian and Edwardian eras, the most faithful mirror and record of representative men and the spirit of their times can be found in Vanity Fair.

Caricatures as Topic↗
PubMed1985

Syphilus.

This paper recounts the history of the origin of the term syphilis and presents a partial translation of Fracastoro's poem, Syphilis, Sive Morbus Gallicus, wherein the word first appeared. The circumstances of the first known great epidemic of syphilis are told.

History, 15th Century↗
PubMed2000

Finke's 1792 map of human diseases: the first world disease map?

Documentary evidence reveals that a German physician L.L. Finke produced a world map of diseases in 1792. This is much earlier than any world disease map previously known. Contrary to the contemporary literature in medical cartography this data proves that: (1) It was neither yellow fever nor cholera epidemics but indigenous diseases that were the catalyst for this earlier world disease map. (2) It predates Humboldt's influence on thematic mapping.

Epidemiology↗
PubMed1997

Not committing barbarisms: Sherrington and the synapse, 1897.

The word synapse first appeared in 1897, in the seventh edition of Michael Foster's Textbook of Physiology. Foster was assisted in writing the volume on the nervous system by Charles Sherrington, who can be credited with developing and advocating the physiological concept of a synapse. The word itself however, was derived by a Cambridge classicist, Arthur Verrall.

History, 19th Century↗
PubMed1998

1898-1998: Camillo Golgi and "the Golgi": one hundred years of terminological clones.

Camillo Golgi discovered, in 1898, the cell organelle that has been called, after him, "the Golgi apparatus" or "the Golgi complex." Because of the necessity of saving words in scientific literature, "the Golgi apparatus" is nowadays frequently referred to only as "the Golgi" or used in an adjectival form in combination with a variety of terms (e.g., Golgi vesicle, Golgi area, Golgi traffic, and so forth). We present here a search of the Medline database for the years 1967 through 1997, which demonstrates that the eponym has lost all connection with Golgi's personal identity. In addition, the search indicates that interest in the Golgi apparatus is steadily increasing, as evidenced in the scientific literature, and that Golgi's name is much more frequently used in association with the cell organelle than with any of the other scientific contributions of this scientist, including the Golgi impregnation of nerve cells.

Eponyms↗
PubMed2002

No creative medical science without humor.

In his time with the Journal of Clinical Epidemiology and before, Dr. Alvan Feinstein espoused a philosophy of the study of epidemiology as a beneficial, valid science. Not only was Feinstein somewhat of a nonconformist in the field of epidemiology, he had a self-denigrating sense of humor as well. This sense of humor can be showcased by taking a look at one of the articles he approved for publication, which could be retitled as "The Finster Saga."

Epidemiology↗
PubMed1999

The conflict of the nosologists: views on schizophrenia and manic-depressive illness in the early part of the 20th century.

The distinction between schizophrenia (dementia praecox) and bipolar disorder (manic-depressive insanity), proposed by Kraepelin in 1896, was the subject of vigorous debate in the first decades of this century. The debate addressed fundamental questions about the principles underlying the nosology of psychiatric disorders, and the issues raised remain as relevant today as at the time they were formulated. A meta-analysis of a sample of Kraepelin's primary data suggests that his original classification was consistent with the empirical evidence. However, heeding his critics, Kraepelin modified considerably his earlier views and proposed a conceptual model of the pathogenesis of schizophrenia and affective psychosis that is consonant with present-day ideas arising out of neuroscience and genetics. The lesson to be drawn is that nosological arguments should be put on hold until basic understanding is gained of the specific mechanisms of syndromogenesis across diagnostic boundaries.

Bipolar Disorder↗