Basal body temperature.
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Body Temperature↗
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[Acellular nerve allograft by chemical extraction in humans].
OBJECTIVE: To develop a procedure by which Schwann cells and myelin in the peripheral nerve could be removed while the basal lamina tubes remained intact, and to obtain a thick and long acellular nerve allograft in humans. METHODS: Four ulnar nerves 10.0 cm long and 4.0 - 5.0 mm in diameter were excised from a donated male body and cleaned from external debris. The nerves were treated with a solution of Triton X-100 and a solution of sodium deoxycholate at room temperature. After a final wash in water, the nerves were stored in phosphate-buffered saline (PBS, pH 7.2) at 4 degrees C. HE, luxol fast blue and fibrin staining were performed to visualize cells, myelin and basal membranes respectively and immunohistochemical staining was performed to visualize the presence of laminin, a Schwann cell lamina component, both in fresh and acellular nerve segments. To reveal overall structure better, methylene blue-fuchsin staining was performed in semithin section. The ultrastructure of acellular and fresh nerves were observed and photographed in a transmission electron microscope. RESULTS: The acellular human ulnar nerve was white long cylinder with well elasticity and ductility. HE, myelin and fibrin staining revealed that cells, axons and myelin sheath were removed and basal membrane was preserved after extraction procedure. Staining for the presence of laminin showed that the Schwann cell basal lamina component were present in the nerves after chemical treatment. Methylene blue-fuchsin staining and transmission electron microscopy showed that the myelin sheaths were absent in the extracted nerve segments and empty basal lamina tubes remained in the endoneurium. CONCLUSIONS: We developed an extracted procedure with the detergents of Triton X-100 and deoxycholate, by which cells, axons and myelin sheaths could be removed from a human ulnar nerve while the basal lamina tubes remain intact and a thick long acellular nerve allograft is obtained. The laminin, a Schwann cell basal lamina component, can be preserved in the acellular nerve.
Adult↗
Energy expenditure of children with kwashiorkor.
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Adipose Tissue↗
Relative efficiency of therapeutic donor insemination using a luteinizing hormone monitor.
A prospective randomized study was performed to evaluate the use of a urinary luteinizing hormone (LH) detection kit with 1 insemination as compared with 2 alternate day inseminations with timing based on previous cycle length and basal body temperature changes. The study involved 60 patients who underwent a total of 264 therapeutic donor insemination cycles using cryopreserved semen specimens. Patients alternated LH-kit timed cycles with cycles timed by non-LH methods for a total of 6 cycles or until pregnancy was achieved. Fecundability rates were 12.3% for LH-kit cycles and 5.3% for non-LH method cycles. The difference in outcome was not statistically significant. However, when the LH kit plus 1 insemination was compared with 2 inseminations timed by conventional methods, there appeared to be a distinct monetary and time expenditure advantage. These findings suggest that sufficient advantage may be derived from use of an LH kit to recommend its use on a routine basis for the timing of therapeutic donor insemination.
Adult↗
Mid-luteal serum inhibin-A concentration as a marker of endometrial differentiation.
BACKGROUND: Recent studies have indicated that the corpus luteum is a major source of circulating inhibin-A and serum concentrations of inhibin-A may reflect the human luteal function. The present prospective study was undertaken to determine the usefulness of mid-luteal serum concentrations of inhibin-A as markers of endometrial receptivity (as assessed by histological dating and alphavbeta3 integrin expression) and whether they are better predictors of endometrial function than serum progesterone. METHODS: Consecutive infertile women (experimental group, n = 50) with regular menstrual cycles, and fertile women who were requesting contraception and had regular menstrual patterns and normal secretory endometria (control group, n = 10) were included. In all women basal body temperature, luteal serum concentrations of oestradiol, progesterone, prolactin, and inhibin-A, and endometrial biopsies were used in the same cycle to assess luteal function. RESULTS: Out-of-phase mid-secretory endometria were detected in 17 of the 50 infertile women. Lack of alphavbeta3 integrin expression was detected in 27 of the 50 mid-luteal endometrial biopsies. Thus, hormonal concentrations were compared in the mid-luteal phase between the following eight groups of women: group 1 (n = 10), control fertile women; group 2 (n = 50), infertile women (all); subdivided into group 3 (n = 33), with in-phase biopsies; group 4 (n = 17), with out-of-phase endometria; group 5 (n = 23), expressing alphavbeta3 integrin in endometria; group 6 (n = 27), whose endometria did not express alphavbeta3 integrin; group 7 (n = 18), with both in-phase endometrial biopsy and alphavbeta3 integrin expression; and finally group 8 (n = 12), whose endometria were out-of-phase and did not express alphavbeta3 integrin. Mid-luteal serum concentrations of oestradiol, progesterone, prolactin, and inhibin-A of the seven infertile groups were similar to those of the control group of fertile women. No statistically significant difference between the infertile groups was observed for any hormonal parameter considered. CONCLUSION: Mid-luteal serum inhibin-A determination does not accurately reflect endometrial function/maturation and it is not a better indicator of endometrial luteal phase dysfunction than mid-luteal serum progesterone.
Adult↗
Nicotine inhibits pulsatile luteinizing hormone secretion in human males but not in human females, and tolerance to this nicotine effect is lost within one week of quitting smoking.
CONTEXT AND OBJECTIVE: Despite having increased knowledge of the adverse reproductive effects of smoking, it is unclear whether nicotine affects the pulsatile LH secretion in humans. We addressed this issue in male and female smokers and nonsmokers. SUBJECTS AND METHODS: Twenty-nine male and 16 female nonsmokers and smokers were recruited as volunteers. In male smokers, nicotine effect was also studied before and after quitting smoking. In females, cyclic ovulatory function was assessed by measuring basal body temperature, and sampling studies were performed during the follicular phase. In the morning of the sampling day, an iv catheter was inserted into an anterobrachial vein, and blood samples (1.0-1.5 ml each) were taken at 10-min intervals for 480 min, during which, at 240 min, nicotine was administered via a transdermal patch (Nicotinell transdermal therapeutic system) containing 17.5 mg nicotine. Plasma LH was measured by immunoradiometric assay kits. RESULTS: Nicotine significantly lengthened the interpulse interval of pulsatile LH secretion in male nonsmokers but not in female nonsmokers. In male smokers, nicotine did not lengthen the interpulse interval, and in female smokers it was also ineffective. After quitting cigarette smoking in male smokers, the refractory to nicotine effect disappeared within 1 wk. CONCLUSIONS: We conclude that nicotine inhibits pulsatile LH secretion only in males, and the tolerance developed to the nicotine effect disappears within 1 wk of quitting cigarette smoking. However, we cannot deny the possibility that nicotine effect would have been detected in females if more subjects had been studied.
Drug Tolerance↗
The check-up of reproductive health and genetic counseling.
The Hungarian Family Planning Program was a feasibility study on combining methods of periconceptional care. The first step was the check-up of reproductive health, including family history of the couples, case history of females, pre-pregnancy examination (vaginal and cervical smears), and the measurement of basal body temperature, sperm examination, psycho-sexual exploration and exclusion of some risk factors. This preconception screening program was carried out by graduate trainee nurses to identify those participants secondary health services. The data of 4,240 couples attending in the Budapest Center indicated a useful relationship between the check-up of reproductive health and genetic counseling clinics, by selecting couples requiring genetic counseling and preventing other couples making unnecessary visits.
Adolescent↗
Regulation of microtubules in Tetrahymena. II. Relation between turnover of microtubule proteins and microtubule dissociation and assembly during oral replacement.
Experiments are reported which were designed to test for induced synthesis of microtubule proteins associated with the rapid proliferation of basal bodies and associated intracytoplasmic microtubules which occurs during oral replacement in Tetrahymena. None was found. Instead, it is shown that these structures can be formed with de novo synthesis of as little as 6% of their microtubule proteins. It is suggested that basal body proliferation may be controlled by synthesis of morphogenetic regulator proteins.
Animals↗
[Effects of modified longdan xiegan decoction on hyperandrogenism in patients with polycystic ovary syndrome of stagnant fire in Gan channel type].
OBJECTIVE: To observe the therapeutic effect of modified Longdan Xiegan Decoction (LXD) on hyperandrogenism in patients with polycystic ovary syndrome (POS) of stagnant fire in Gan channel type. METHODS: Forty-eight patients were divided into two groups: the LXD group (25 cases) treated with LXI) for 3 months, and the Diane-35 group (23 cases) with Diane-35. Condition of menstruation, acne, hairiness were observed, basal body temperature (BBT) was measured, and the serum levels of luteinizing hormone (LH), follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), prolactin (PRL), free testosterone (FT), and androstenedione (A) were detected before and after 3 months' treatment. Meanwhile, adverse reaction was observed. RESULTS: After treatment, the condition of menstrual disorder, acne and single-phase BBT were improved significantly, and serum levels of LH, LH/FSH, FT and A decreased in both groups (P < 0.05), showed insignificant difference between them (P > 0.05). The PRL level dropped in the LXD group (P < 0.05), which significantly lower than that in the Diane-35 group (P < 0.05). There were 3 cases with adverse reaction of irregular colporrhagia and 5 cases with nausea and vomiting in the Diane-35 group, while no adverse reaction in the LXD group occurred. CONCLUSION: Modified LXD could significantly improve the condition in hyperandrogenism patients with POS of stagnant fire in Gan channel type.
Adolescent↗
[Methods of anesthesia in intracranial surgery].
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Acidosis↗
A study of risk factors for ovarian metastases in stage Ib-IIIb cervical carcinoma and analysis of ovarian function after a transposition.
OBJECTIVE: The objective of the present study was to examine the incidence and risk factors of ovarian metastases in cervical carcinoma. The function of transposed ovaries was also studied. METHODS: In order to analyze the risk factors of ovarian metastases, 255 slides of pathological specimens were reassessed by multivariate logistic regression analysis. Fifty-six patients were studied prospectively on the basis of the function of transposed ovaries. Basal body temperature and serum hormone levels were analyzed. RESULTS: Ovarian metastasis was identified in 2 of 485 (0.4%) patients with squamous cell carcinoma and in 12 of 146 (8.2%) patients with nonsquamous tumors of the cervix. Histologic type (P = 0.0014) and blood vessel invasion (P = 0.0433) were significant independent risk factors for ovarian metastases, as revealed by multivariate logistic regression analysis. Cumulative survival curves of preserved ovaries showed a significant (P < 0.005) decline in the group with postoperative radiotherapy. CONCLUSION: Preservation of ovarian function should be pursued in patients with squamous cell carcinoma of the cervix, provided that the patient has no other risk factor (blood vessel invasion) for ovarian metastases. Moreover, sufficient attention should be paid to the proper handling of ovarian blood vessels during surgery, in order to shield and protect them from exposure to scattered radiation administered during postoperative radiotherapy.
Adenocarcinoma↗
Monitoring techniques to predict and detect ovulation.
This study was designed to evaluate the accuracy of various methods in predicting and detecting ovulation in 14 spontaneous and 17 clomiphene citrate (CC)-induced cycles. From cycle day 11 all subjects (n = 27) were followed with daily transvaginal ultrasound; rapid measurement of serum luteinizing hormone (LH) and estradiol (E2); determination of urinary LH with First Response (Tambrands Inc., Palmer, MA) and Ovustick (Monoclonal Antibodies, Inc., Mountain View, CA) kits; and recording of basal body temperature (BBT). The results demonstrated that transvaginal ultrasound detected ovulation in all cycles. Mean daily serum LH levels were similar in both groups, and peak values of 40 mIU/ml or greater preceded the day of ovulation in all cycles. Serum E2 peak was significantly greater in CC cycles (961 +/- 96 versus 463 +/- 39 pg/ml) (P less than 0.01) and preceded the LH peak in 97% of the cycles. First Response and Ovustick predicted ovulation in 53.3% and 87.5% of the cycles, respectively (P less than 0.01). BBT nadir predicted the day of ovulation in only 10% of cycles. In conclusion, this study revealed that transvaginal ultrasound is an excellent method for detection of ovulation and that Ovustick is a very useful method for prediction of the day of ovulation.
Adult↗
[Anxiety models on mice: experimental evaluation and criticism of the method].
The analysis of publications in the field of experimental psychopharmacology (in particular, anxiety models) shows a lack of data concerning the general methodological problems such as reproducibility and reliability of data. There are only a few works where important characteristics concerning solution pH, sham injections, body temperature, locomotion indices (basal and injection-modulated), etc, are reported. Figures on the illumination level in experimental chambers are generally missing. Three simplest, fastest, and most commonly used anxiety models (dark-light compartments, social isolation test, elevated plus-maze) are considered with special attention to the mistakes and artifacts most frequently encountered in registration of the experimental animal behavior and in the data interpretation.
Animals↗
Methods of ovulation induction.
The results of ovulation induction in patients with ovulatory dysfunction were reviewed for a one year period. Eighty-six women were assigned to four groups: secondary amenorrhea, anovulation, oligo-ovulation, and luteal phase defect/short luteal phase (LPD). All patients were monitored with basal body temperature (BBT) graph, postcoital testing, and ultrasonic scanning of ovarian follicles. All patients received therapy with clomiphene citrate (CC) for a minimum of four cycles and 13 patients conceived. Fifty patients were offered additional therapy with human menopausal gonadotropins (HMG-HCG). Seventeen completed a minimum of four cycles, and 13 conceived. The number of CC-treated patients with poor mucus quality in the face of adequate follicular development was 24, or 48%. The overwhelming problem with ovulation induction when CC failed was the large number of patients who dropped out of therapy, 48%. In summary, close monitoring during ovulation induction to confirm ovulation, and assess mucus quality and luteal function allow detection and correction of inadequate response. Induction of ovulation can be highly successful if patients can follow through and complete protocols of therapy.
Adult↗
Ovarian function after the menarche and hormonal contraception.
The aim of the study was to determine the date of regular ovulation after the menarche to better understand the physiology of female adolescence, especially as it pertains to the use of hormonal contraception. Early morning urine samples were collected from 51 girls in the perimenarche for 9 weeks semi-annually during 2 years. Estrone- and pregnanediol-3-glucuronide values were determined. Cycles lasting 35-40 days at the onset of menses shortened to 28 days after the 23rd-25th cycle. Menses reached a 5.0-5.5 day average length at about the same time. After the 20th cycle, ovulation could be demonstrated in more than 50% of the study patients. Using a scoring system, regular ovulation could be expected on the basis of somatic data with scores of greater than 16. Hormonal contraception may be prescribed 2 years after the menarche, based on scores of greater than 16 and ovulation proven be hormonal cytology and basal body temperature.
Adolescent↗
[Determination of the ovulation date in women with disturbed cervical factor by means of sonographic measurement of follicular growth, hormonal parameters and basal body temperature].
In 23 women from the fertility clinic with disturbed cervical factor and ovulatory cycles, the BBT was carried out, FSH, LH, progesterone and E2 were assayed and the follicular maturation was determined sonographically. The hormonal assays and ultrasound investigations were performed as a rule at 1-2 day intervals. The follicles were measured three dimensionally. At the time of ovulation, the mean diameter averaged 23 mm. There was a very good correlation between the various methods for determining the date of ovulation. Since the cervical factor could not be used for date determination in the patient group investigated, the immediately available result of the ultrasonographic investigation proved to be especially valuable. It was possible to attain a pregnancy in four cases.
Body Temperature↗
Effect of ambient temperature on metabolic rate after thermal injury.
OBJECTIVE: The authors describe the effect of ambient temperature on metabolic rate after thermal injury. SUMMARY BACKGROUND DATA: Thermal injury induces a hypermetabolic state, which is reported to increase with the extent of burn. The magnitude of this response is further influenced by ambient temperature. METHODS: The resting energy expenditure was measured by indirect calorimetry at ambient temperatures of 22, 28, 32, and 35 C. It was indexed to a calculated basal metabolic rate in normal volunteers and adult patients with burns involving at least 20% of the total body surface area who had no evidence of systemic infection. These measurements were performed between postburn days 6 and 21. RESULTS: The effect of ambient temperature on metabolic rate was measured in 44 burn patients and 8 normal volunteers. Burn size ranged from 20 to 97% total body surface area with a mean of 44 +/- 18.5% total body surface area. Metabolic rate did not change significantly in control subjects as ambient temperature was varied (p<0.05). Regression analysis showed that burn size and ambient temperature were significant determinants (p<0.01) of metabolic rate in the patients and that together these factors accounted for 55% of the variation observed (df adj. r(2)=0.55) across the range of ambient temperatures studied. Metabolic rate was independent of burn size at ambient temperatures of 32 and 35 C (p<0.02) and increased by a factor of 1.5 X basal metabolic rate. A further increase in metabolic rate, which was positively correlated with burn size, resulted from nonshivering thermogenesis at ambient temperatures 28 and 22 C. The magnitude of this response was greatest at 22 C. CONCLUSIONS: These findings suggest that the hypermetabolic response to thermal injury is maximal in burns as small as 20% total body surface area and that an additional burn size-dependent increase in metabolic rate results from heat loss at ambient temperatures below thermoneutrality.
Adult↗
Screening for hypothermia in the ambulatory elderly. The Maine experience.
This study investigated the prevalence of low body temperatures in 97 elderly and 20 nonelderly subjects. To the best of our knowledge, no earlier survey has been conducted with a North American population. To ensure comparability with the British National Survey performed in 1973, urine temperatures were collected as a proxy measure of core temperatures. The urine-collecting funnel was modified to minimize cooling artifact introduced by the device. Study subjects were selected from an internal medicine clinic that serves the poor, a federally subsidized housing project, and a subsidized housing project in northernmost Maine. A youthful population (mean age, 32.3 years) was chosen to provide a comparative population to elderly participants (mean age, 73.9 years). Based on the British National Survey, the expected prevalence of low body temperatures (less than 35.5 degrees C) was 10%. The present study detected no low body temperatures, and the average urine and mouth temperatures were 0.3 and 0.19 degree C warmer, respectively, than those in the British National Survey. Youthful subjects were not significantly different from elderly participants. There appears to be no evidence from this study that low early-morning basal body temperature (less than 35.5 degrees C) is a common geriatric occurrence in ambient room temperature.
Adult↗