Search PubMed⌕ Search

SEARCH · Search PubMed

Results for “Back Injuries”

Search indexed PubMed citations on genomics, clinical trials, systematic reviews and public health. Explore titles, authors and supplied subject terms, then open the PubMed record.

Quote a phrase for an exact phrase match. Source license links do not imply unrestricted reuse.

At least 199 records · Page 11Linked to original sources
PubMedDate not supplied

Disparities in occupational low back injuries: predicting pain-related disability from satisfaction with case management in African Americans and Caucasians.

OBJECTIVE: To predict post-settlement pain-related disability from claimant race and satisfaction with Workers' Compensation case management. DESIGN: Population-based survey with telephone interviewing. SETTING: St. Louis City, St. Louis County, and Jackson County, Missouri. PARTICIPANTS: African American and Caucasian Workers' Compensation claimants (1,475) with single incident low back injuries whose claims were settled between January 1, 2001 and June 1, 2002. MEASURES: Workers' Compensation variables were obtained from the State of Missouri comprising treatment cost, temporary disability payment, disability rating, and settlement award. Satisfaction with Workers' Compensation case management was evaluated across five Likert-type rating scales. Pain-related disability was measured using the Pain Disability Index. Injury variables included diagnosis of disc injury or regional backache. Socioeconomic status included education and income. Demographic variables were race, age, and gender. RESULTS: Path analysis indicated direct negative associations between satisfaction and disability. Race had a direct association with disability but was also mediated through other variables: African Americans received less treatment/compensation across the Workers' Compensation variables (relative to Caucasians), which predicted lower satisfaction. This pattern also held true for lower socioeconomic status claimants and those with regional backache. CONCLUSIONS: For African Americans and lower socioeconomic status persons in the Workers' Compensation system, less treatment/compensation was associated with lower satisfaction with the process, which in turn predicted higher levels of post-settlement disability. Given that the function of Workers' Compensation is to reduce disability from work-related injuries, the current results suggest that the system produces inequitable outcomes for these groups.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1991

Cost per case comparison of back injury claims of chiropractic versus medical management for conditions with identical diagnostic codes.

This study assessed the total cost per case of chiropractic claims and medical claims for conditions with identical diagnostic codes. The sample consisted of 3062 claims or 40.6% of the 7551 estimated back injury claims from the 1986 Workers' Compensation Fund of Utah. For the total data set, cost for care was significantly more for medical claims, and compensation costs were 10-fold less for chiropractic claims.

Adult↗
PubMed2005

Muscle activation imbalance and low-back injury in varsity athletes.

There are conflicting findings in the literature regarding erector spinae activation imbalance in people with low-back pain (LBP). Some studies have found asymmetric recruitment between muscle pairs in people with LBP, whilst other studies have not; some reported people with LBP recruit more lumbar muscles whilst other have reported greater thoracic activity. Using 242 varsity athletes, EMG activity of thoracic and lumbar erector spinae pairs was recorded during an isometric trunk extension. Activation imbalance among muscle pairs and levels was compared between athletes with and without a history of low-back injury (HxLBI). There were no group differences in the imbalance between sides, but the HxLBI group had greater activation imbalance between lumbar and thoracic levels than the No HxLBI group. Activation imbalance between levels was similar for individuals with No HxLBI and those who sustained first time injury suggesting that imbalance does not cause LBI. There was no difference between the athletes with single and multiple episode LBI, nor between short and long symptom duration suggesting that the presence of imbalance is not an impairment. Interestingly, activation imbalance occurred in both directions, meaning more thoracic activity for some, and more lumbar activity for others, which might be a functional adaptation related to pathology.

Adult↗
PubMed2005

Delayed trunk muscle reflex responses increase the risk of low back injuries.

STUDY DESIGN: Prospective observational study with a 2- to 3-year follow-up. OBJECTIVES: To determine whether delayed muscle reflex response to sudden trunk loading is a result of or a risk factor for sustaining a low back injury (LBI). SUMMARY OF BACKGROUND DATA: Differences in motor control have been identified in individuals with chronic low back pain and in athletes with a history of LBI when compared with controls. However, it is not known whether these changes are a risk for or a result of LBI. METHODS: Muscle reflex latencies in response to a quick force release in trunk flexion, extension, and lateral bending were measured in 303 college athletes. Information was also obtained regarding their personal data, athletic experience, and history of LBI. The data were entered into a binary logistic regression model to identify the predictors of future LBI. RESULTS.: A total of 292 athletes were used for the final analysis (148 females and 144 males). During the follow-up period, 31 (11%) athletes sustained an LBI. The regression model, consisting of history of LBI, body weight, and the latency of muscles shutting off during flexion and lateral bending load releases, predicted correctly 74% of LBI outcomes. The odds of sustaining LBI increased 2.8-fold when a history of LBI was present and increased by 3% with each millisecond of abdominal muscle shut-off latency. On average, this latency was 14 milliseconds longer for athletes who sustained LBI in comparison to athletes who did not sustain LBI (77 [36] vs. 63 [31]). There were no significant changes in any of the muscle response latencies on retest following the injury. CONCLUSIONS: The delayed muscle reflex response significantly increases the odds of sustaining an LBI. These delayed latencies appear to be a preexisting risk factor and not the effect of an LBI.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1997

Early physician notification of patient disability risk and clinical guidelines after low back injury: a randomized, controlled trial.

STUDY DESIGN: Back-injured workers with high disability risk scores on a predictive questionnaire participated in a randomized, controlled trial of physician notification, with outcomes follow-up 3 months after injury. OBJECTIVES: To test whether physician intervention improves return to work and self-assessment outcomes for people at relatively high risk for disability. SUMMARY OF BACKGROUND DATA: Only a small number of back-injured workers suffer significant disability. Quick identification of these people would facilitate more efficient targeting and trials of interventions. Controlling variations in practice through practice guidelines has been recommended as a promising strategy for improving care and reducing disability. METHODS: Workers filing back injury reports responded to a disability prediction questionnaire. Those with high risk scores were randomly assigned to control or intervention groups. Patient-designated physicians in the intervention group received two letters identifying the patient's risk and making recommendations for care, including the Agency for Health Care Policy and Research's algorithms for acute low back pain. Predictive accuracy of the questionnaire and efficacy of physician intervention were evaluated on the basis of work status and self-assessments 3 months after injury. RESULTS: Of the 268 workers completing the questionnaire portion of the study, 32 (12%) were out of work because of back pain 3 months after injury. The questionnaire's predictive accuracy included maximum kappa of 0.277 and a receiver operating curve area of 0.78. Fifty-three people completed the physician intervention trial. The intervention had no significant impact on return to work, self-assessed pain, or satisfaction with health care. CONCLUSIONS: Stratification of back-injured people according to disability risk can can increase intervention efficiency by identifying those who require treatment and sparing those who do not. The apparent failure of risk notification and practice guidelines to reduce disability in this study may be improved by different application methods in the future.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1959

Back injuries.

Explore the source record for details and available documents.

Back Injuries↗