Search PubMed⌕ Search

SEARCH · Search PubMed

Results for “BODY”

Search indexed PubMed citations on genomics, clinical trials, systematic reviews and public health. Explore titles, authors and supplied subject terms, then open the PubMed record.

Quote a phrase for an exact phrase match. Source license links do not imply unrestricted reuse.

At least 199 records · Page 11Linked to original sources
PubMed2004

Appearance of smaller lipid bodies and protein kinase activation in the lipid body fraction are induced by an increase in the nitrogen source in the Mortierella fungus.

We studied the regulation of lipid body biogenesis in the oleaginous fungus Mortierella ramanniana var. angulispora by investigating culture conditions to modulate lipid body size, which we found was affected by the carbon-to-nitrogen ratio (C/N ratio) in the culture medium. Increasing the nitrogen source or decreasing the C/N ratio from 38 to 9 induced the appearance of lipid bodies with diameters less than 2-3 micro m, which are usually found at a C/N ratio of 38 in this fungus. To determine factors regulating lipid body size, we compared lipid body fractions from fungal cells cultured at different C/N ratios. We found some differences in polypeptide profiles between lipid body fractions from fungal cells cultured at different C/N ratios for 2 days when the lipid bodies were enlarged at a C/N ratio of 38. We then compared the phosphorylation of lipid body proteins, since protein phosphorylation plays a pivotal role in various aspects of signal transduction. In vitro phosphorylation in the lipid body fraction indicated that protein kinase activity toward endogenous and exogenous substrates such as histone IIIS, VIIS, and myelin basic protein increased in the lipid body fraction at a C/N ratio of 9. Further analysis by in-gel protein kinase assay indicated the presence of at least three activated protein kinases with molecular masses of 75, 72, and 42 kDa, which were also autophosphorylated. These results indicate the presence of nutrient-regulated protein kinases and increased phosphorylation in lipid bodies, which correlate with the appearance of smaller lipid bodies in this fungus. Further studies to characterize these protein kinases at the molecular level should provide new insights into the link between nutrient sensing and lipid storage.

Animals↗
PubMed1996

Caterpillar bodies of porphyria cutanea tarda ultrastructurally represent a unique arrangement of colloid and basement membrane bodies.

Caterpillar bodies are eosinophilic, periodic acid-Schiff (PAS)-positive globules arranged in a linear fashion in the epidermis overlying subepidermal blisters of porphyria cutanea tarda (Am J Dermatopathol 1993;15:199-202). We retrospectively studied by transmission electron microscopy nine cases of porphyria cutanea tarda (PCT) that demonstrated caterpillar bodies. We identified three components of the eosinophilic bodies: degenerating keratinocytes, colloid bodies, and basement membrane bodies. The colloid bodies consisted of whorled masses of filaments containing degenerating melanosomes, vacuoles, mitochondria, and desmosomes. Basement membrane bodies were composed of convoluted basement membrane material and associated collagen. Both colloid and basement membrane bodies were often associated with degenerating keratinocytes, were located both intra-and extracellularly, and were occasionally fused to one another. We believe that caterpillar bodies are a combination of degenerating keratinocytes, colloid bodies, and basement membrane bodies formed by repeated blistering and reepithelialization with transepidermal migration. Furthermore, we believe that caterpillar bodies are a diagnostic clue for the diagnosis of PCT.

Basement Membrane↗
PubMed1998

[Ethnics of the body - a study on the ethical meanings of body in Spinoza and Yi Jae-Ma].

Michel Foucault has brought some considerable changes in our way of seeing the human body. He argued that the body is not merely a natural object, but a medium of numerous social messages and even the most favorable habitat of power. According to him, the birth of social institutions, such as asylums, clinics, and jails, have been closely linked to the process of modernization and further that the very process through which the body becomes an object of social control has been an important part of our modernization. He proposed a new concept, viz., the social stigma carved on the body and provided us certain clues that makes us think newly of the boundary between nature and culture. Although his arguments opened a new perspective on our body, it did have a premise of so-called "the passivity of body" as its limitation. The body is not just a purely natural object, nor a purely social construction. It resides at both sides simultaneously and the disease, an incident happened within the body, reveals subtle relationship between these two. Those who see the body as an object of power as such or a medium of certain social messages tend to consider it only as an objective being, yet on the other side of this standpoint, the Cartesian dualism is hidden as a premise. Deleuze defined, in his book on Spinoza, the ethics of Spinoza as a practical study mainly dealing with the mode of existence. Provided that this definition is correct enough, we may term this practical study for the mode of existence of the body as the ethics of the body. Spinoza proposed a very unique view with regard to the body, which differs from that of the Cartesian Dualism. It is based on the entire system of his philosophy, viz., the system of the univocity of substance and the immanence of being which finally appears in the form of ethics. In the later half of this article, a very unique medicine whose starting point is none other than this kind of ethics, a practical study for the mode of existence, was dealt with. It is named Sasang(Four Symbol) medicine which was founded upon the long tradition of one of the most profound ethical teachings of mankind, Confuciaism. Sasang medicine of Yi Jae-ma is in a sense a continuation of the Neo-Confucianism tradition of Korea in the field of medicine.

Asia↗
PubMed1996

Body composition during weight loss in obese patients estimated by dual energy X-ray absorptiometry and by total body potassium.

OBJECTIVE: To validate the ability of DXA to measure total body composition before and after weight loss and the composition of the lost body mass. DESIGN: Cross sectional and follow-up study of body composition before and after a weight loss of 10.6 +/- 6.8 kg. SUBJECTS: 31 obese subjects with a mean body weight of 105.2 +/- 15.2 kg at baseline, and a mean body weight of 94.6 +/- 16.5 kg at follow-up. MEASUREMENTS: Body composition was measured by dual X-ray absorptiometry, total body potassium counting, and high precision scales before and after a weight loss. RESULTS: DXA and the scales showed a strong linear relation (r = 1). At baseline, however, DXA underestimated the body weight by a maximum of 3.2 kg because the subjects were too large for the scan table. After weight loss body weight measurements were accurate. Before and after weight loss the linear relations between DXA and TBK for FFM were strong (r = 0.92 and 0.93). Bland and Altman plots showed limits of agreement of +/-9 kg before and after weight loss; DXA underestimated FFM in women and overestimated FFM in men. DXA accounted for 80% of the lost body weight. The composition of the lost body mass did not differ from that estimated by TBK (7.6% FFM and 92.4% FM by TBK; 11% FFM and 89% FM by DXA). CONCLUSION: DXA estimates accurately the body composition and the composition of weight loss in groups of obese subjects. However, the scan table may be too small for patients weighing more than 95 kg.

Absorptiometry, Photon↗
PubMed1983

Evaluation of body composition and nitrogen content of renal patients on chronic dialysis as determined by total body neutron activation.

Total body protein (nitrogen), body cell mass (potassium), fat, and water were measured in 15 renal patients on maintenance hemodialysis (MHD). Total body nitrogen was measured by means of prompt gamma neutron activation analysis; total body water was determined with tritium labeled water; total body potassium was measured by whole body counting. The extracellular water was determined by a technique utilizing the measurement of total body chloride and plasma chloride. When compared with corresponding values of a control group of the same age, sex, and height, the protein content, body cell mass, and total body fat of the MHD patients were within the normal range. The only significant change was an increase in the extracellular water/body cell mass ratio in the male MHD patients compared to the controls. The lack of significant difference of the nitrogen values of the MHD patients compared to matched controls suggests that dialysis minimizes any residual effects of uremic toxicity or protein-calorie malnutrition. These findings further suggest that there is a need to reevaluate the traditional anthropometric and biochemical standards of nutritional status for MHD patients. It was concluded that it is particularly important to measure protein stores of MHD patients with low protein intake to ascertain nutritional status. Finally, in vivo measurement of total body nitrogen and potassium for determination of body composition provides a simple, direct, and accurate assessment of the nutritional status of MHD patients.

Adipose Tissue↗
PubMed2000

Assessing body composition and changes in body composition. Another look at dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry.

Dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) is selected with increasing frequency as a method for both assessing body composition and measuring the changes in body composition. Issues have been raised about hydration, software version, hardware (fan beam vs. pencil beam), and the subject population in relation to the validity of DXA-derived estimates of body composition. This paper reviews validation studies of DXA to assess the impact of recent developments in its technology. Studies by Prior et al., Kohrt et al., Salamone et al., Going et al., and Pietrobelli et al. demonstrate the effectiveness of DXA estimates of changes in body composition. By contrast, Clasey et al., Nelson et al., and Friedl et al. found limitations in DXA estimates of body composition and its changes. These contradictory conclusions were explored for threats to internal validity in each research study. From this analysis, two validation guidelines are recommended for use when evaluating estimates of body composition. When multicomponent models are used, it is essential that estimates of body water as a fraction of fat-free mass fall in the expected range (71 to 75%) and have a relatively small standard deviation (2 to 3%). For measuring changes in body composition, DXA estimates of total body mass must accurately reflect both baseline and posttreatment scale body weight estimates. Failure to meet these guidelines threatens the internal validity of the study and raises the likelihood of methodological discrepancies. Applying these criteria to DXA studies of body composition under review accounts for much of the contradictory conclusions among investigations.

Absorptiometry, Photon↗
PubMed2002

Comparative studies of body mass, body measurements and organ weights of wild-derived and laboratory golden hamsters (Mesocricetus auratus).

All laboratory golden hamsters originate from a sibling pairing back in 1930. To investigate possible differences between domesticated and wild conspecifics, descendants of both strains were maintained under standardized laboratory conditions individually and in unisexual groups. Body mass and food consumption were monitored from birth to 22 weeks of age. The animals were subsequently sacrificed, and body measurements and body composition were analysed. In addition, the absolute and relative masses of different organs were measured. Laboratory hamsters gained more body mass through higher food consumption. However, they did not get fatter, since relative fat values were the same for both strains. Body measurements revealed only minor differences (in body and ear lengths). As deducible from the body mass, the organs (spleen, kidneys, adrenal glands, testes, epididymis and ovaries) were seen to be heavier in laboratory hamsters. Furthermore, with the exception of the kidneys, the same went for the relative values. There were distinct sexual specific differences in both strains only for body fat ( male symbol male symbol upward arrow ) and adrenal glands ( male symbol male symbol upward arrow ). In females, group housing induced an elevated level of aggression. In general, these housing conditions led to social stress symptoms, such as heavier adrenal glands. Additionally, spleen, kidneys, ovaries, body length and mass, body water and body fat were increased in group-housed hamsters. In conclusion, no major differences between laboratory and wild-derived hamsters were observed.

Animals↗
PubMed2006

Perceived body size affected by garment and body mass index.

This study investigated the effect of garment size on perceived body size. The perceived body sizes of nine Chinese men, with Body Mass Index between 17.0 and 37.1 kg/m(2), wearing five sizes of white T-shirts were assessed using Thompson and Gray's Nine-figural Scale. Garment sizes on perceived body sizes were different for those of different Body Mass Index. A backpropagation neural net model was used to model the nonlinear relationship between the perceived body size and the body's BMI, body chest girth, and garment ease (difference between garment and body chest girth). When the BMI was less than 20, wearing larger-sized T-shirts tended to increase perceived body size. For large chest sizes and for taller persons (BMI of 20 to 28) large garments made the wearer look thinner. However, for small persons (BMI of 20 to 28) effect of garment size was relatively small. Obese persons (BMI of > 28), wearing garments too tight or too loose were perceived as larger. Minimum perceived body size was found for garment ease of 2 to 3 cm.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

Humoral factors released during trauma of Aplysia body wall. I. Body wall contraction, cardiac modulation, and central reflex suppression.

1. Mechanical or electrical stimulation of isolated sections of body wall produced contractions that were graded with the intensity of the stimulus. Injury of body wall with shallow incisions produced extremely persistent contractions. 2. Long-lasting contraction of isolated body wall was also produced by brief application of "stimulated body wall wash" (SBW), sea water which was first washed through another section of body wall subjected to intense mechanical or electrical stimulation. Contractions were produced by SBW diluted to concentrations as low as 1% of the initial concentration. Contractions produced by prolonged application of SBW showed little fatigue, tachyphylaxis, or desensitization. 3. SBW caused contraction of isolated sections of body wall from all regions of the body, including tail, parapodia, siphon, purple gland, rhinophores, and anterior tentacles. SBW also caused contraction of isolated lateral columellar muscle and of the gill. 4. 30 mM CoCl2 blocked the release of contractile factors into electrically stimulated body wall and reduced but did not abolish contractile responses of unstimulated body wall to perfused SBW. SBW contractions were unchanged by disconnection of the perfused tissue to the CNS. 5. Hemolymph collected from the neck of an intact donor following strong electrical stimulation of the tail or excision of a parapodium ('stimulated hemolymphh, SHL) caused long-lasting contractions which were larger than those produced by control hemolymph (CHL) collected prior to stimulation of the donor. 6. Similarities between body wall contractions produced by SHL and by SBW, including their occurrence in 30 mM CoCl2, suggest that some of the contractile activity in SHL may be directly released from traumatized body wall. 7. SHL caused significantly greater cardioacceleration of the isolated heart than did CHL. Similarities between the cardioacceleration produced by SHL and by SBW suggest that a source of cardiac activity in SHL may be traumatized body wall. 8. SBW suppressed the gill-withdrawal reflex when applied selectively to the sheathed or desheathed abdominal ganglion. SBW-induced suppression was associated with significant reduction of evoked spike activity in identified gill motor neurons. SHL collected 1-2 h after noxious stimulation caused weak but significant suppression of the gill-withdrawal reflex when applied to the fully sheathed abdominal ganglion.

Animals↗
PubMed1987

An improved procedure for the isolation of lamellar bodies from human lung. Lamellar bodies free of lysosomes contain a spectrum of lysosomal-type hydrolases.

We have recently shown that lamellar body fractions purified from human lung contain a distinct acid alpha-glucosidase distinguishable from lysosomal acid alpha-glucosidase in that it does not cross-react with antibodies raised against the lysosomal enzyme and does not bind to concanavalin A (De Vries, A.C.J., Schram, A.W., Tager, J.M., Batenburg, J.J. and Van Golde, L.M.G. (1985) Biochim. Biophys. Acta 837, 230-238). In order to study the relationship between the non-concanavalin A-binding alpha-glucosidase and lamellar bodies more closely a method was developed for the further purification of the organelles. A purified lamellar body preparation isolated from human lung homogenate by discontinuous sucrose density centrifugation was subjected to gel filtration with Sepharose 4B followed by Percoll density gradient centrifugation, which yielded a lamellar body preparation with a phospholipid phosphorus/protein ratio of 12.57 +/- 0.38 (mumol/mg) (n = 3) as compared to a ratio of 3.34 +/- 0.16 (mumol/mg) (n = 3) in the sucrose density gradient preparation. Concomitantly there was a 3.3 +/- 0.1 (n = 3)-fold enrichment in the content of total acid alpha-glucosidase and a 3.2 +/- 0.1 (n = 3) -fold enrichment of non-concanavalin A-binding acid alpha-glucosidase. The new purification method removes adhering proteins without changing the phospholipid composition. During the successive purification steps the concanavalin A-sensitive and -insensitive alpha-glucosidases remained fully lamellar body fraction associated. Differences between a lysosome-enriched fraction and a lamellar body preparation at varying stages of purification with respect to the ratio between soluble acid hydrolases and the membrane-associated lysosomal enzyme glucocerebrosidase indicate that the purified lamellar bodies were not contaminated with lysosomes. The absence of lysosomes in the purified lamellar body fraction was confirmed by experiments with the weak base glycyl-L-phenylalanine-beta-naphthylamide, which is an artificial substrate for the lysosomal enzyme cathepsin C and brings about lysis of lysosomes. Morphological examination by electron microscopy endorses the absence of contaminating vesicles and organelles and showed a structural integrity of the lamellar bodies in the final preparation. The improved isolation procedure strongly suggests that the concanavalin A-insensitive acid alpha-glucosidase is endogenous to lamellar bodies and supports our earlier idea that it can be used as a lamellar body-specific marker enzyme. In addition, the experiments show that lamellar bodies free of lysosomes contain a spectrum of lysosomal-type enzymes.

Cell Fractionation↗
PubMed1997

A new method for seed oil body purification and examination of oil body integrity following germination.

Plant seeds store triacylglycerols as energy sources for germination and postgerminative growth of seedlings. The triacylglycerols are preserved in small, discrete, intracellular organelles called oil bodies. A new method was developed to purify seed oil bodies. The method included extraction, flotation by centrifugation, detergent washing, ionic elution, treatment with a chaotropic agent, and integrity testing by use of hexane. These processes subsequently removed non-specifically associated or trapped proteins within the oil bodies. Oil bodies purified by this method maintained their integrity and displayed electrostatic repulsion and steric hindrance on their surface. Compared with the previous procedure, this method allowed higher purification of oil bodies, as demonstrated by SDS-PAGE using five species of oilseeds. Oil bodies purified from sesame were further analyzed by two-dimensional gel electrophoresis and revealed two potential oleosin isoforms. The integrity of oil bodies in germinating sesame seedlings was examined by hexane extraction. Our results indicated that consumption of triacylglycerols reduced gradually the total amount of oil bodies in seedlings, whereas no alteration was observed in the integrity of remaining oil bodies. This observation implies that oil bodies in germinating seeds are not degraded simultaneously. It is suggested that glyoxisomes, with the assistance of mitochondria, fuse and digest oil bodies one at a time, while the remaining oil bodies are preserved intact during the whole period of germination.

Biochemistry↗
PubMed2006

A pilot study on body image, attractiveness and body size in Gambians living in an urban community.

OBJECTIVE: We investigated the attitudinal and perceptual components of body image and its link with body mass index (BMI) in a sample of urban Gambians. We also looked at cross-cultural differences in body image and views on attractiveness between Gambians and Americans. METHODS: Four groups of 50 subjects were assessed: men 14- 25y (YM); women 14-25y (YW); men 35-50y (OM); women 35-50y (OW). Socio-economic status, education, healthy lifestyle and western influences were investigated. Height and weight were measured. Body dissatisfaction was assessed with the body dissatisfaction scale of the Eating Disorder Inventory. Perceptions of body image and attractiveness were assessed using the Body Image Assessment for Obesity (BIA-O) and Figure Rating Scale (FRS). RESULTS: Different generations of Gambians had very different perceptions and attitudes towards obesity. Current body size was realistically perceived and largely well tolerated. Older women had a higher body discrepancy (current minus ideal body size) than other groups (p<0.001). Regression analysis showed they were not worried about their body size until they were overweight (BMI=27.8 kg/m2), whilst OM, YM and YW started to be concerned at a BMI respectively of 22.9, 19.8 and 21.5 kg/m2. A cross-cultural comparison using published data on FRS showed that Gambians were more obesity tolerant than black and white Americans. DISCUSSION: The Gambia is a country in the early stage of demographic transitions but in urban areas there is an increase in obesity prevalence. Inherent tensions between the preservation of cultural values and traditional habits, and raising awareness of the risks of obesity, may limit health interventions to prevent weight gain.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2006

Does body satisfaction matter? Five-year longitudinal associations between body satisfaction and health behaviors in adolescent females and males.

PURPOSE: This study addresses the question, "Does body satisfaction matter?" by examining longitudinal associations between body satisfaction and weight-related health-promoting and health-compromising behaviors five years later among adolescents. METHODS: Project EAT-II followed an ethnically and socioeconomically diverse sample of 2516 adolescents from 1999 (Time 1) to 2004 (Time 2). Associations between body satisfaction at Time 1 and health behaviors at Time 2 were examined, adjusting for sociodemographic characteristics and Time 1 health behaviors, with and without adjustment for body mass index (BMI). RESULTS: In females, lower body satisfaction predicted higher levels of dieting, unhealthy and very unhealthy weight control behaviors and binge eating, and lower levels of physical activity and fruit and vegetable intake. After adjusting for BMI, associations between body satisfaction and dieting, very unhealthy weight control behaviors, and physical activity remained statistically significant. In males, lower body satisfaction predicted higher levels of dieting, healthy, unhealthy, and very unhealthy weight control behaviors, binge eating, and smoking, and lower levels of physical activity. After adjusting for BMI, associations between body satisfaction and dieting, unhealthy weight control behavior, and binge eating remained statistically significant. CONCLUSIONS: The study findings indicate that, in general, lower body satisfaction does not serve as a motivator for engaging in healthy weight management behaviors, but rather predicts the use of behaviors that may place adolescents at risk for weight gain and poorer overall health. Interventions with adolescents should strive to enhance body satisfaction and avoid messages likely to lead to decreases in body satisfaction.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2003

The genetic epidemiology of body attitudes, the attitudinal component of body image in women.

BACKGROUND: There were four purposes of the current study, including the investigation of the: (i) adequacy of a multidimensional measure of body image; (ii) genetic and environmental epidemiology of this measure; (iii) shared variance between genetic and environmental risk factors for body mass index (BMI) and body image; and (iv) Equal Environment Assumption (EEA) as it related to body attitudes. METHOD: Six types of body attitudes, as measured by the Body Attitudes Questionnaire (BAQ) and reported by 894 complete female-female twin pairs (mean age 32.35 years, S.D. = 41.8) from the Australian Twin Registry, were analysed. RESULTS: Confirmatory factor analysis of the BAQ supported the adequacy of the measure. Additive genetic and unique environmental influences best accounted for the variance of all six of the BAQ subscales. The relationship between BMI and body attitudes was primarily due to shared genes rather than environment but the majority of genetic and environmental effects on body attitudes were independent of BMI, with the exception of the Feeling Fat subscale, which shared 53% of its genetic risk factors with BMI. One violation of the EEA was suggested, namely similarity of childhood treatment influenced similarity on Lower Body Fatness subscale. CONCLUSIONS: Findings support the notion that: (i) body image is a multidimensional concept; (ii) it is relatively independent of BMI; and (iii) both genetic and non-shared environment are influential determinants of body attitudes.

Adult↗
PubMed2003

Gender differences in body size dissatisfaction among individuals with low, medium, or high levels of body focus.

The authors designed the present study to test whether women reported higher levels of body dissatisfaction than did men even when the 2 genders were matched on a measure of degree of body focus. Sixty undergraduates (30 men, 30 women) were screened on attention-to-body-shape scores and divided into high, medium, and low body-shape-focus groups. The participants also completed questionnaires that provided information on age, education, vocabulary ability, levels of depression, and body-image assessment. The groups did not differ (ps > .05) on age, education, vocabulary ability, or levels of depression. However, women in all 3 body-shape-focus categories indicated a larger discrepancy between their real vs. ideal body images (p < .01) than did the men. In the high-body-focus group, there was an 11:1ratio between women's and men's reported real-ideal body-shape discrepancies. Women showed greater body dissatisfaction than did men, even when the genders were matched on a measure of body focus.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

The use of body mass index to predict body composition in children.

BACKGROUND: Simple anthropometric indices of body composition have particular appeal for use in children, and as such body mass index (BMI) has been used to predict percentage body fat in a number of studies. AIM: To evaluate the relationship between BMI and percentage body fat (%body fat) and a proposed, more appropriate relationship between BMI and fat mass/height(2) in a cohort of young children. SUBJECTS AND METHODS: Cross-sectional study of 109 children aged between 6 and 10 years residing in either Sydney or Brisbane, Australia. Weight and height were measured using standard methods. Body composition was measured using a stable isotope method to firstly determine total body water and subsequently fat free mass. RESULTS: The correlation between BMI and fat mass/height(2) was markedly greater than that between BMI and percentage body fat. In the entire group of children the R(2) (x100%) value for the relationship between BMI and fat mass/height(2) was 73.3% compared with 46.5% for the relationship between BMI and percentage body fat. CONCLUSIONS: We have shown that the use of BMI to predict fat mass/height(2), and consequently percentage body fat, is superior to the use of BMI to predict percentage body fat based directly upon the R(2) values of the above analysis.

Anthropometry↗
PubMed2000

Healthy percentage body fat ranges: an approach for developing guidelines based on body mass index.

BACKGROUND: Although international interest in classifying subject health status according to adiposity is increasing, no accepted published ranges of percentage body fat currently exist. Empirically identified limits, population percentiles, and z scores have all been suggested as means of setting percentage body fat guidelines, although each has major limitations. OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to examine a potential new approach for developing percentage body fat ranges. The approach taken was to link healthy body mass index (BMI; in kg/m(2)) guidelines established by the National Institutes of Health and the World Health Organization with predicted percentage body fat. DESIGN: Body fat was measured in subjects from 3 ethnic groups (white, African American, and Asian) who were screened and evaluated at 3 universities [Cambridge (United Kingdom), Columbia (United States), and Jikei (Japan)] with use of reference body-composition methods [4-compartment model (4C) at 2 laboratories and dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) at all 3 laboratories]. Percentage body fat prediction equations were developed based on BMI and other independent variables. RESULTS: A convenient sample of 1626 adults with BMIs < or =35 was evaluated. Independent percentage body fat predictor variables in multiple regression models included 1/BMI, sex, age, and ethnic group (R: values from 0.74 to 0.92 and SEEs from 2.8 to 5.4% fat). The prediction formulas were then used to prepare provisional healthy percentage body fat ranges based on published BMI limits for underweight (<18.5), overweight (> or =25), and obesity (> or =30). CONCLUSION: This proposed approach and initial findings provide the groundwork and stimulus for establishing international healthy body fat ranges.

Absorptiometry, Photon↗
PubMed2007

BMI and objectively measured body fat and body fat distribution in prepubertal children.

BACKGROUND: Body Mass Index (BMI) is often used as a surrogate estimate of body fat in epidemiological studies. This study explores the association between BMI, body fat and body fat distribution assessed by Dual-Energy X-Ray Absorptiometry (DXA) in younger children. METHODS: Cross-sectional study of 246 children (138 boys and 108 girls) aged 8-11 years. DXA was used to quantify abdominal fat mass (AFM), total body fat (TBF) and also total body fat as percentage of total body mass (BF%). Body fat distribution was calculated as AFM/TBF. RESULTS: We found close correlations between BMI vs. TBF, BF% and AFM (r = 0.94, r = 0.92 and r = 0.93) for boys and (r = 0.95, r = 0.92 and r = 0.95) for girls, respectively (P<0.05 for all r-values). However, significantly lower correlation (P<0.001 for difference between the r-values) existed for body fat distribution (r = 0.64 for boys and 0.73 for girls). CONCLUSION: Percentage body fat, TBF and AFM were all closely associated with BMI, suggesting that BMI serves as a good surrogate marker for obesity in population studies. However, a significantly lower correlation existed for BMI vs. body fat distribution, which may be a limitation when BMI is used to study cardiovascular risk factors in epidemiological studies.

Adipose Tissue↗