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At least 199 records · Page 11Linked to original sources
PubMed2003

Activated SRC protein tyrosine kinase is overexpressed in late-stage human ovarian cancers.

OBJECTIVE: The objective of this study was to determine if the Src tyrosine kinase is overexpressed and activated in late-stage human ovarian cancers. METHODS: Western analysis and immune complex kinase assays were performed on a panel of human ovarian cancer cell lines and normal ovarian epithelial cell cultures, and immunohistochemical analysis for Src and activated Src were performed on a panel of late-stage human ovarian tumors. RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS: Src is overexpressed and activated in a majority of late-stage ovarian tumors as well as in a panel of cultured malignant human ovarian epithelium grown in vitro, but not in normal ovarian epithelium (NOE) or immortalized NOE. Src overexpression was found to be frequently, but not always, associated with HER-2/neu overexpression, but no statistical association between Src and Her-2/neu overexpression could be demonstrated.

Enzyme Activation↗
PubMed1995

Associated autoimmunity in Addison's disease.

As the last extensive series of patients with Addison's disease and coincident autoimmune phenomena were published approximately two decades ago, we studied the cause of the disease, the prevalence of autoimmune disorders and the frequency of occurrence of autoantibodies in 91 patients (31 men and 60 women, mean age 45.3-years-old, range 12-77) with Addison's disease. The cause of Addison's disease in six patients was tuberculosis (6.6%), and autoimmune adrenalitis was considered to be the cause in 83 patients (91.2%). In two patients (2.2%) other causes were responsible for Addison's disease. In 47% of the patients with autoimmune Addison's disease at least one other autoimmune disorder was present. Primary hypothyroidism had the highest prevalence (20.5%), followed by vitiligo (9.6%), non-toxic goiter (8.4%), premature menopause (7.3% of the women), Graves' disease (6%), pernicious anaemia (4.8%), Sjögren's disease (2.4%), hypoparathyroidism (1.2%), type 1 diabetes mellitus (1.2%) and coeliac disease (1.2%). The frequency of autoantibodies in the patients with autoimmune Addison's disease was: adrenal antibodies (82.7%), antibodies against microsomal antigens (58%), thyroglobulin antibodies (23.4%), parietal cell antibodies (19.8%), pancreatic islet cell antibodies (6.2%) and ovary antibodies (3.7% of the women). In comparison with other extensive series of patients with Addison's disease, we found the highest prevalence of autoimmune adrenalitis as the cause of Addison's disease, the highest prevalence of hypothyroidism and vitiligo as concomitant autoimmune disorders and the lowest prevalence of type 1 diabetes mellitus.

Addison Disease↗
PubMed1994

Comparison of different iron chelators as protective agents against acute doxorubicin-induced cardiotoxicity.

Doxorubicin (Dox) is a widely used antineoplastic agent. Irreversible cardiomyopathy is a serious and dose-limiting side effect after chronic administration. The iron chelating bispiperazinedione ICRF-187 is currently the only drug which affords protection against Dox-induced cardiotoxicity. To compare the protective value of structurally unrelated iron chelators, isolated mice atria were exposed to Dox (30 microM) and either the hydroxamate desferrioxamine (DFO, 200 and 500 microM), EDTA (200 microM) or the hydroxypridones CP44 (200 microM), CP51 (200 microM), and CP93 (200 microM) and ICRF-187 (200 and 500 microM). The nitroxide TEMPO (5 mM) lacks iron chelating properties but was used to prevent redox cycling or iron and scavenge superoxide. All iron chelators, except EDTA. CP93 and CP44, were modestly protective against a Dox-induced decrease in contractile force. As a single agent the hydroxypridones decreased atrial contractile force. At a concentration of 200 microM, DFO was the most effective protector of the chelators tested. However, this effect disappeared when a concentration of 500 microM was used. This in contrast to ICRF-187 for which a concentration-dependent inhibition of Dox-induced decrease in contractile force was observed. TEMPO exerted a biphasic response consisting of a two-fold increase in contractile force, followed by a decrease in force and irregular contractions. In this model TEMPO lacked any perspective as a cardioprotectant. We conclude that at 200 microM. DFO was the most effective agent to afford protection against Dox-mediated atrial malfunction. However, at 500 microM, DFO was not effective whereas ICRF-187 afforded partial protection. Hydroxipyridones were found to be of limited value because of a negative inotropic effect on the isolated atria.

Animals↗
PubMed2002

Hypochlorous acid is a potent inhibitor of acetylcholinesterase.

The role of hydrogen peroxide and peroxynitrite in the induction of airway hyperreactivity has been well described. Another reactive species which is formed during airway inflammation is hypochlorous acid (HOCl). In the present investigation the effect of HOCl on cholinergic innervation of the airway was investigated. It was observed that HOCl was capable of increasing the basal tension of electrically stimulated tracheal smooth muscle. It was found that HOCl inhibits purified acetylcholinesterase with an IC50 value of 0.66 microM. Decreased acetylcholinesterase activity could allow accumulation of acetylcholine and increased airway muscle tension. The effects of HOCl on the isolated organ and the enzyme preparation could be precluded with thiol group-containing compounds such as reduced glutathione and N-acetylcysteine. The present findings indicate that HOCl can act as inhibitor of acetylcholinesterase. The implications of this finding for the induction of airway hyperreactivity are discussed.

Acetylcholinesterase↗
PubMed1979

Multiple Ig classes on rabbit B lymphocytes.

Rabbit PBL were studied regarding the presence of different classes of s-Ig, under experimental conditions, ensuring the endogeneous origin of these proteins. About 40% of the lymphocytes are B cells (Fab positive and a1 positive in a1 homozygous rabbits). IgG positive lymphocytes could be found, but only using and anti dll conjugate (allotype located on the Fd gamma region of IgG). Anti Fc gamma conjugates were negative. Most of the B cells are IgM positive, most of these IgM cells however were also positive for either IgG or IgA. Np lymphocytes were found bearing both IgG and IgA. Careful analysis of the percentages of various isotypes found on B cells suggests that some "IgD" positive lymphocytes could be present. Results are discussed in relation to B cell differentiation.

Animals↗
PubMed1991

Is protein kinase C involved in histamine H1-receptor desensitization?

Histamine H1-receptor mediated effects in guinea-pig lung and intestine appear to desensitize homologously rather rapidly. Within a few minutes of exposure to a high concentration of histamine (30-100 microM) the c-GMP production in guinea-pig lung and the contraction of guinea-pig jejunum are markedly attenuated. In both tissues the responses to other stimulating agents (e.g. muscarinic agent, calcium ionophore) are not affected. The protein kinase C (PKC) activating phorbolester phorbol-12,13- dibutyrate (PDB) concentration-dependently depresses H1-receptor responses in both tissues. Yet, PDB does not only attenuate the H1-receptor responses but also affects responses to other stimulating agents. In the guinea-pig ileum muscarinic receptor mediated contractions are inhibited equipotently by PDB, whereas in lung tissue the c-GMP formation after calcium-ionophore addition is affected too. In view of these findings the possible role of PKC in H1-receptor desensitization is discussed.

Animals↗
PubMed1990

Plasticisers, another burden for asthmatics?

The widely used plasticiser di(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate (DEHP) has been reported to have some toxicological effects on pulmonary tissue. Inhalation of DEHP may cause pulmonary edema and bronchial asthma. Moreover intravenous injection of DEHP induces pulmonary inflammation and hemorrhage of the lungs. We now report that DEHP might cause bronchial hyperresponsiveness. The metabolite of DEHP mono(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate (MEHP) induces in vitro a dose-dependent increase in -log EC50 for methacholine dose response curves in rat tracheal tissue. Moreover MEHP induces a decrease in maximal effect of the methacholine dose response curve. We concluded that DEHP due to the formation of MEHP in vivo, may cause bronchial hyperresponsiveness.

1-(5-Isoquinolinesulfonyl)-2-Methylpiperazine↗
PubMed1990

Oxidative stress and receptor responses in guinea-pig tracheal tissue.

Reactive oxygen species are formed during inflammatory reactions in the lung. Alveolar macrophages and neutrophils and eosinophils produce superoxide anions, hydrogen peroxide, hydroxyl radicals and singlet oxygen. Neutrophils and eosinophils produce also hypochlorous acid. We now present the effects of hydrogen peroxide and hypochlorous acid on muscarinic and beta-adrenergic receptor responses of guinea pig tracheal tissue. Hydrogen peroxide (up to 10 mM) has no effect on these receptor responses, but in contrast hypochlorous acid destructs the muscarinic and beta-adrenergic receptor response. The beta-adrenergic receptor response is more susceptible to hypochlorous acid treatment than the muscarinic receptor response. This indicates that hypchlorous acid induces an autonomic imbalance between parasympatic and sympatic receptor responses in the guinea pig trachea.

Animals↗
PubMed1994

Immunogenicity of a viral model vaccine after different inactivation procedures.

Various strategies for the production of safe vaccines have been used. This study compared three different inactivation procedures, i.e. treatment with formaldehyde, beta-propiolactone or UV-light using vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV) as a model antigen. All three inactivation procedures drastically impaired induction of neutralizing IgG responses, confirming previous observations [Bachmann et al. (1993) J Virol 67:3917-3922]. This reduction could be overcome using higher doses for all three preparations. Both formaldehyde and beta-propiolactone completely abrogated the induction of VSV-specific cytotoxic T cells (CTLs), whereas UV-inactivated virus was able to induce significant and long-lasting CTL responses. These results may be of practical relevance since induction of neutralizing antibodies alone is often not sufficient for protection and sometimes may even enhance immunopathological responses of vaccinees.

Animals↗
PubMed1984

Sex differences in the cellular defence system against free radicals from oxygen or drug metabolites in rat.

In this study, it was investigated whether sex-related differences in the protective mechanisms against oxygen radicals and free radical metabolites from drugs were present in rat liver, heart, and kidney. To that end, superoxide dismutase, catalase, the factors of the glutathione system and vitamin E were measured. In addition, NADPH-dependent cytochrome c-reductase activity was established, as this enzyme is involved in the formation of free radicals in the presence of many xenobiotics. The total capacity of the cellular systems that detoxify reactive oxygen species or free radical-drug metabolites seems to be higher in female liver as compared to male. No differences were found for heart and kidney tissue. It is hypothesized that female rats probably are less vulnerable for those drugs whose hepatotoxic action is induced by excessive formation of free radical species.

Animals↗
PubMed1988

The effect of chronic adriamycin treatment on heart kidney and liver tissue of male and female rat.

The influence of chronic adriamycin treatment on cellular defence mechanisms against free radicals has been determined in rats. To that end, the changes in vitamin E content, activity of superoxide dismutase, catalase and factors of the glutathione system were measured in heart, kidneys and liver after 24 and 52 days of treatment. Moreover, damage was assessed by measuring the activity of NADPH- and NADH-cytochrome c reductase. The results concerning the components of the oxidative defence systems in male rats showed reductions in the activity of superoxide dismutase and catalase in renal tissue and in factors of the glutathione system in liver tissue. In cardiac tissue an increased activity of catalase and elevated content of total glutathione were found. Vitamin E content was increased in liver and to a lesser extent, in kidneys. The activity of Se-dependent glutathione peroxidase sharply decreased only in liver. Major differences between male and female rats were not observed in renal and cardiac tissue, as far as protective factors were concerned. However, a decrease in catalase activity was detectable earlier in male kidneys. The protective factors in liver of female rats were far less susceptible to in vivo treatment with adriamycin, as compared to liver of male rats. Decreased activity of the cytochrome reductases was found in liver of male rats. In male renal tissue only cytochrome c reductase activity was significantly reduced. Male cardiac tissue showed no signs of biochemical damage, although from histological examination in a parallel study [J Natl Cancer Inst 76: 299-307 (1986)] lesions were evident. In female rats no damage was found in liver, kidneys and heart.

Animals↗