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PubMed2005

Jung's lives.

Forty published life histories of C. G. Jung are grouped into eight categories: autobiography, hagiographies, pathographies, professional biographies, intellectual biographies, illustrated biographies, religious biographies, and joint Jung/Freud biographies. Each work is briefly reviewed in terms of its scope, its main contributions to the biographical literature on Jung, and its principal shortcomings. A short list of selected readings on Jung's life is recommended.

Biographies as Topic↗
PubMed1987

An annotated interview with Giuseppe Moruzzi, 1910-1986. Interview by Louise M. Marshall.

Utilizing three modes of information exchange, this "annotated autobiography" presents in perspective a picture of an eminent neuroscientist of the 20th century. The reminiscences of Guiseppe Moruzzi, Director of the Institute of Physiology of the University of Pisa for more than thirty years, were combined with contemporary tributes, a review of his major published work, and comments of friends and associates. Such a three-dimensional view of a scientific career illustrates the possibilities of "the medium is the message."

Belgium↗
PubMed1991

Where the hormones, there moan I.

This autobiography traces the effects of "marriages" of different fields on the development of new directions of research. Such events occurred several times in my career and generated much of my research.

Endocrinology↗
PubMed1998

Panic disorder and agoraphobia: a sufferer's perspective.

This is a story by a woman about her life with panic, agoraphobia, and depression. She tells us about the clinical features, the heritable components, the environmental contributions, the developmental penalties, the social consequences, and the therapies for these conditions far more vividly than even the most dramatic of our systematic studies. But this is more than a clinical vignette. It is a human story of courage to proceed undaunted in the face of terror and despair to ultimately prevail over the most formidable internal obstacles. Nowadays I rarely see Mrs. Edwards. She is too busy living. I know she is productively and gratifyingly employed and engaged with her family. Usually I learn of her adventures here and abroad through letters written in the same captivating style as the autobiography below. I have witnessed Mrs. Edwards reading her story to others with similar problems, to medical students, and to psychiatric residents. The impact invariably was stunning. Making her acquaintance even in the dry print medium is an unforgettable learning experience.

Agoraphobia↗
PubMed1991

Remembering autobiographically consequential experiences: content analysis of psychologists' accounts of their lives.

The autobiographies of 49 eminent psychologists were content analyzed in terms of autobiographically consequential experiences (ACEs). Most memories for ACE were not single episodes. Episodic ACEs did, however, share many characteristics of "flashbulb" and vivid memories elicited in studies using more traditional experimental procedures. Memories were concentrated during the college and early adult years. Thus, as in other autobiographical memory studies that have used older subjects, there was a pronounced reminiscence effect. These results were considered in light of Erikson's theory of adult personality development.

Adult↗
PubMed2000

Language, discourse and the chronotope: applying literary theory to the narratives in health care.

Language, discourse and the chronotope: applying literary theory to the narratives in health care One of the most significant developments in nursing has been the recognition of the power of the narrative approach. Narrative knowing has evolved from both the patient and the nurse experience. In the case of the individual, it can be told through case history (clinical) and life story (theory-building). The life story of the individual as a patient represents him or her to the nurse and is in turn responded to through appropriate care. Alternatively, the life story of the individual as research participant represents him or her to the researcher and is in turn responded to through appropriate interpretation. The value of the narrative is that the 'otherness' of the teller/writer can be regarded by the listener/reader. There resides a major tension, however, whether in theory building or the practice setting: meaning What this paper argues, is that the emphasis placed on the subject to provide an authentic story of their life is misguided, whether in the care setting or in interpretive research. My contention is that we need to develop a less naive understanding of the complexities of the language with which the individual speaks. This can be achieved by adopting post-structural analyses of the spoken or written word, from both the originator's and recipient's experiences. By reconceptualizing such narratives as 'autobiographies' it is possible to borrow from the field of literary criticism a tool known as chronotopic analysis to perform this task.

Attitude of Health Personnel↗
PubMed2002

Unravelling the unknowns of reflection in classroom teaching.

BACKGROUND: The use of reflection in education has emerged as an effective means of connecting theory with practice. However, the literature reveals limited empirical work on the conceptualization of reflection. AIM OF THE STUDY: The purpose of this qualitative research study was to understand more fully the meaning and use of reflection in teaching, and how reflection contributes to the development of teaching expertise in the classroom. Ethical approval. The study received ethical approval from the Faculty of Nursing Ethical Review Committee, University of Manitoba. Issues related to confidentiality of information, and power relationships between the investigators were addressed. Students were reassured that no data were collected about them during participant observations in the classrooms. METHODS: The investigators were the sources of data. Data were collected using five different methods over the course of two academic years, including written autobiographies, critical incident journals, classroom observations, debriefing following classroom observations and research team meetings. FINDINGS: The data were analysed using content analysis, and four themes were identified (i) making connections, (ii) developmental aspects, (iii) influence of context on reflection, and (iv) influence of emotions on reflection. Study limitations. The interpretation of the findings of this study should be used with caution given the qualitative design and small number of participants. CONCLUSION: Participation in the study increased the awareness of the investigators' personal use of reflection. The process of studying our own use of reflection allowed us to step outside the performance treadmill to better understand, accept and reshape what we do over and over in the classroom. This study supports an examination of one's experiences as a means of understanding reflection and its use in the classroom.

Attitude of Health Personnel↗
PubMed1996

In search of bioethics: a personal postscript.

De nobis ipsis silemus: About ourselves-we keep silent. If we violate this prudent rule by the least modest of literary exercises-the autobiography-we must be able to say that we do so to bear witness. From my intellectual vocation of physician and philosopher, I have received the Chinese blessing of "living in interesting times." I received two degrees in 1962 and spent thirty years developing a previously unimaginable encounter between medicine and humanism. That which follows tells the story of the development of bioethics in Ibero-America from the perspective of a testifying witness.

Argentina↗
PubMed2001

From proteases to proteomics.

This personal and professional autobiography covers the 50-yr period of 1950-2000 and includes the following topics: History of the University of Washington School of Medicine and its Department of Biochemistry (Mount Rainier and the University of Washington, recruiting faculty, biology, research programs); scientific editing (publication, Biochemistry, Protein Science, electronic publication); Europe revisited (Heidelberg, approaching retirement, the German Research Center, reunion in Vienna); and 50 yr of research on proteolytic enzymes (trypsin, carboxypeptidases, mast cell proteases, future developments).

Biochemistry↗
PubMed1991

Ethnographic traits in the writing of Mary Breckinridge.

Mary Breckinridge, founder of The Frontier Nursing Service, employed ethnographic methodologies--participant observation, interviewing and fieldwork--as foundation efforts toward construction of highly responsive health-service systems, developed under circumstances of duress, e.g. after World War I and pre-industrial Appalachia. In culturally representing the Appalachian, she drew upon two vast resources, her first-hand field experience as well as her considerable rhetorical skill. She narrated and described an enormity of selected 'realities' of Appalachian life with immediacy of detail and nonpatronizing sensitivity for 'insider' perspectives. In an era of transition with few indigenous cultural writers, Breckinridge capitalized on her family heritage in Appalachia, which further underscored the intimacy and authenticity of her accounts. As portrayed in her autobiography, crosscultural encounters of one kind and time or another supplied an infrastructure of longstanding meaning throughout her life. The final and lasting impression is that, in both skills and orientation, Breckinridge's were essentially those of the ethnographer.

Appalachian Region↗
PubMed1996

Personal influences on professional work: an empirical case study of B.F. Skinner.

This study addresses the hypothesis that individuals have characteristic ways of looking at the world that are revealed not only in their life story but also in their professional work. It seeks to provide the first empirical test of this hypothesis using systematic methods for data selection, interpretation, and matching, as applied to the case of B. F. Skinner. Using the salience identifier "primacy" (Alexander, 1990), Skinner's first research design and the first paragraph of his autobiography were selected for analysis. Adopting a personological approach to interpretation, "scripts" (Tomkins, 1987) were derived from these materials by blind and independent coders. A matching task (Allport, 1961) then indicated that the scripts derived from Skinner's work and life were substantially similar and significantly more similar than random pairs of scripts . A search through other autobiographical and professional writings by Skinner revealed that the elements of the discovered script appear recurrently in his imagery.

Behaviorism↗
PubMed2003

Gathering no moss.

I never imagined that I would be asked to write an autobiography in a microbiology tome. For that matter, little did I think that I would consider microbiology the most intriguing subject in the life sciences and the only field I wanted to study. My formal scientific training was in chemistry. This is a recounting of my conversion and the opportunities I have had to work in the microbial sciences with some of the major figures (and characters) during a period of marvelous intensity and productivity. I want to recognize and thank my many distinguished colleagues for the ways in which they have helped me to experience a fruitful and stimulating life as a microbiologist.

France↗
PubMed2002

Over half a century of playing with inkblots and other wondrous pursuits.

This invited autobiography focuses on the highlights in the career of a psychologist who has devoted over a half century to personality assessment, among other lifetime pursuits. Beginning with an introduction to my early years growing up in Chicago, the story continues through World War II when, as a naval officer, I developed a late-blooming interest in coping behavior and reactions to stress. As with many other post-war graduate students, inkblots held a particular fascination for me as an indirect means of assessing personality and psychopathology through perception. A successful dissertation followed by fellowships and grants over several decades made possible the development of the Holtzman Inkblot Technique (HIT). Published in 1961 by the Psychological Corporation, the HIT consists of two parallel forms containing 45 test blots each. It has been used in hundreds of research studies and in clinical practice as an alternative to the Rorschach throughout the world. In addition to work on the HIT, I describe my efforts to expand personality assessment and psychological research into the international arena and provide a summary of activities in administration and public service.

History, 20th Century↗
PubMed2003

Discontinuities, side steps, and finding a proper place: an autobiographical account.

In this invited autobiography, I present an account of some influential events and experiences in my life that led me eventually, after some false starts, to a career in personality assessment psychology. The psychological research and applied areas (self-report personality assessment and cross-cultural research) with which I have been identified for over 40 years can, however, be seen in early interests, although their impact and their direction were not always apparent at the time of occurrence. Several people who were influential in my career development are noted and a number of important collaborators who helped sustain my efforts in personality assessment research and practice over the years are highlighted.

Career Mobility↗
PubMed2004

Chance and choice, change and continuity--that's life.

Responding to this invitation to write an autobiography, I have tried to put in some order, the jumble of memories that come to mind. There are markers of the journey--the major decisions and changes in direction, many influenced by external events. Despite turns and detours, there is also continuity of interests and behavioral style. My beginnings on a Nebraska farm were a considerable distance in place and character from my current retirement in Oregon. The trail of events was especially marked by the death of my father, early choice of psychology, military service in Germany, marriage in Paris, establishing the university clinic and clinical program at the University of Oregon, starting a school of Community Service and Public Affairs, working with Leona Tyler on books and an extensive research project, and a year going around the world with my family including a long period in India. My principal contributions to personality assessment include cross-cultural studies, development of a boredom scale, community psychology connections, many reviews, books in clinical psychology and assessment, and work with students and others who continue this important branch of psychology.

Career Choice↗
PubMed2006

A personal odyssey.

In this autobiography, I tried to capture important aspects of my personal and professional development from my childhood in the ethnic ghettos of South Philadelphia to Pennsylvania State University and the University of Chicago and eventually to over 45 years on faculty at Yale. It has been a journey that I could never have anticipated and that has given me a sense of the unpredictability of psychological development. We all evolve in an open system and a significant portion of the variance of the outcome is determined by fate. But much is also determined by the ability to recognize opportunities and the willingness to take chances and to work hard when opportunities arise. As I reflect on my career of over 50 years, I have been delighted that I opted for a career as a clinical psychologist because it has provided me with opportunity to develop clinical skills and to combine these skills with scholarship and research. While I take considerable satisfaction in the recognition that my contributions have received, the most important aspect of my career has been my relationship with students and colleagues. These collaborations have clearly enriched my work; but more important, they have enriched my life.

History, 20th Century↗
PubMed2003

Memory, narrative and the search for identity in psychoanalytic psychotherapy: a second chance.

The need to create order out of chaos is a driving force, ethologicalty determined, and part of the human condition. Narrative, especially autobiography and self narrative, helps us sort out myriad fantasies, events, and images, weaving them into a cohesive whole that eventually promotes self-awareness. The narratives of Virginia Woolf, St. Augustine, and Samuel Beckett are briefly described. Attachment theory and current research demonstrates that secure attachment is a first step in the socialization process and helps put one's life in perspective. The therapeutic use of narrative is demonstrated by three clinical vignettes of patients with various psychiatric disorders who had successful therapeutic outcomes.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1991

The African-American grandmother in autobiographical works by Frederick Douglass, Langston Hughes, and Maya Angelou.

Using the autobiographies of Frederick Douglass, Langston Hughes, and Maya Angelou, this article demonstrates that the portrait of the African-American grandmother is one of action, involvement, hope, and dignity. In examining the works, we observe her functioning in three areas: as the preserver and most tenacious survivor of the African extended family; second, as repository and distributor of the family history, wisdom, and black lore; this role places her at the foundation of the Black, oral and written, literary and creative traditions; and third, as the retainer and transmitter of values and ideals that support and enhance her humanity, her family, and her community. This function emphasizes her spirituality. It is suggested that the grandmother, having played an important role in the growth, development, and artistic flowering of the autobiographer, can become a model and source of empowerment for future generations.

Adaptation, Psychological↗