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At least 199 records · Page 11Linked to original sources
PubMed1995

Bacteremia/septicemia due to Aerococcus-like organisms: report of seventeen cases. Danish ALO Study Group.

Some Aerococcus-like organisms (ALOs) have recently been described in Denmark. The bacteria were originally isolated from the urine of elderly patients with urinary tract infections. Since 1987, we have identified 17 cases of bacteremia/septicemia in which ALOs have been isolated in pure culture of blood; we report the data from these cases. Six of the patients presented with endocarditis, eight presented with urosepticemia, and three presented with septicemia. In all but one of the reports, the urinary tract was suspected as the focus of infection, and ALOs were isolated from the urine of nine patients. All but one patient had predisposing illnesses; these were predominantly of urinary or cardiac origin. Five patients died of their infection, two survived the infection but eventually died during hospitalization, and 10 recovered. All of the patients received adequate antimicrobial therapy.

Aged↗
PubMed1972

The Relation between Photosynthesis, Respiration, and Crassulacean Acid Metabolism in Leaf Slices of Aloe arborescens Mill.

Leaves and leaf slices from Aloe arborescens Mill. were used to study the interrelations between Crassulacean acid metabolism, photosynthesis, and respiration. Oxygen exchange of leaf slices was measured polarographically. It was found that the photosynthetic utilization of stored malic acid resulted in a net evolution of oxygen. This oxygen production, and the decrease in acid content of the leaf tissue, were completely inhibited by amytal, although the rate of respiratory oxygen uptake was hardly affected by the presence of this inhibitor of mitochondrial electron transport. Other poisons of respiration (cyanide) and of the tricarboxylic acid cycle (trifluoroacetate, 2-diethyl malonate) also were effective in preventing acid-dependent oxygen evolution. It is concluded that the mobilization of stored acids during light-dependent deacidification of the leaves depends on the operation of the tricarboxylic acid cycle and of the electron transport of the mitochondria.A comparison of enzyme activities in extracts from Aloe leaves and from other plants and studies of leaf anatomy and chloroplast morphology revealed typical characteristics of C(3)-, as well as C(4)-, plants in Aloe.

Journal Article↗
PubMed1993

Rhein and aloe-emodin kinetics from senna laxatives in man.

Therapeutic doses of two laxatives (Agiolax and Sennatin) were repeatedly administered to 10 healthy volunteers in a two-way change-over design. Blood samples were collected up to 96 h after the first dose, and plasma levels of total aloe-emodin and rhein were determined simultaneously with a sensitive (lower limit of quantification: 0.5 ng aloe-emodin and 2.5 ng rhein per millilitre plasma) and specific fluorometric HPLC method. Aloe-emodin was not detectable in any plasma sample of any subject. Rhein concentration time courses showed highest levels of 150-160 ng/ml and peak maxima at 3-5 h and 10-11 h after dosing probably according to absorption of free rhein and rhein released from prodrugs (e.g. sennosides) by bacterial metabolism, respectively.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1996

A purgative action of barbaloin is induced by Eubacterium sp. strain BAR, a human intestinal anaerobe, capable of transforming barbaloin to aloe-emodin anthrone.

Orally administered barbaloin (100 mg/kg) did not induce any diarrhea in male Wistar rats, in spite of severe diarrhea with sennoside B (40 mg/kg). Also, in gnotobiote rats mono-associated with Peptostreptococcus intermedius, a human intestinal anaerobe capable of reducing sennidins to rhein anthrone, barbaloin did not induce diarrhea; the faecal water content (71.9%) 8 h after the administration of barbaloin was not increased, compared with that (73.9%) just before the treatment. However, severe diarrhea was induced with barbaloin in gnotobiote rats mono-associated with Eubacterium sp. strain BAR, another human intestinal anaerobe capable of transforming barbaloin to aloe-emodin anthrone; the faecal water content was significantly increased to 85.5% 8 h after the administration, from 73.2% before the treatment. At this time, barbaloin was transformed to aloe-emodin anthrone in the feces from the gnotobiote rats mono-associated with the strain BAR, but not in feces from the conventional rats or the gnotobiote rats mono-associated with P. intermedius. These facts indicate that barbaloin is inactive as a laxative itself but is activated to aloe-emodin anthrone, a genuine purgative component, by Eubacterium sp. strain BAR.

Animals↗
PubMed1989

[Protective effect of extracts from Aloe vera L. var. chinensis (Haw.) Berg. on experimental hepatic lesions and a primary clinical study on the injection of in patients with hepatitis].

The injection(10-15 ml/kg/d, ip x 4), total glycoside (125-225 mg/kg/d, ip x (3-4); 600 mg/kg/d, ig x 3) and crystal III (120 mg/kg/d, ip x 4) of Aloe vera var. chinensis were found to be effective in lowering the elevated sGPT induced by CCl4, thioacetamide and D-aminogalactose in mice or rats. It was also observed that these agents could protect hepatic cells from the CCl4-induced injury. When dogs were given in with Aloe injection of 0.1 ml/kg/d x 180, no toxicity was noted. The total effective sGPT-lowering rate of Aloe injection on 38 patients of chronic hepatitis with positive HBsAg was 86.8%.

Alanine Transaminase↗
PubMed1999

Antifungal effects of different plant extracts and their major components of selected aloe species.

Different extracts of both fresh and dry leaves of Aloe eru A. Berger, A. vera L. Webb & Berth and A. arborescens Mill. were screened for their antifungal activity against Aspergillus niger, Cladosporium herbarum and Fusarium moniliforme. The toxicity of the isolated pure components were evaluated on the tested fungi. A comparative chromatographic study was performed to differentiate between natural components existing in various fractions and extracts of Aloe species and specific spray reagents were used for the detection of anthraquinones in the isolated components.

Aloe↗
PubMed2000

Aloe polymannose enhances anti-coxsackievirus antibody titres in mice.

Aloe polymannose (AP), a high mannose biological response modifier (BRM) purified from the Aloe barbadensis Miller plant, was tested for activity in enhancing antibody titres against coxsackievirus B3 (CVB3) and CVB3-induced myocarditis in murine models of the disease. Inoculation of mice with AP over a range of three nontoxic doses and in varying schedules did not reduce virus titres in heart tissues or ameliorate virus-induced cardiopathological alterations during acute disease. However, this BRM was found to significantly enhance titres of anti-CVB3 antibodies produced during acute infection of three strains of mice with CVB3. Simultaneous intraperitoneal inoculation of AP at a dose of 0.5 mg/kg body weight per mouse with purified CVB3 significantly increased ELISA titres of anti-CVB3 antibodies and the proportion of mice with these titres, compared with similar parameters in mice inoculated only with CVB3. The data conclusively show that AP can immunopotentiate antibody production against capsid protein epitopes of a nonenveloped picornavirus and suggest this BRM (AP) might be of benefit in enhancing antibody titres against other enteroviruses during a natural infection and poliovirus vaccine strains.

Adjuvants, Immunologic↗
PubMed2006

Lipid lowering activity of hydrosoluble chitosan and association with Aloe vera L. and Brassica olearaceae L.

The lipid lowering activity of chitosan associated with Aloe vera L. or hydrosoluble chitosan with Brassica olearaceae L. has been studied in rats. In this study, rats were submitted to different treatments with hydrosoluble chitosan alone (4% diet), hydrosoluble chitosan associated with Aloe vera L. or hydrosoluble chitosan with Brassica olearaceae L. (1:4, 4% diet) for 35 days, to identify the formula with the highest hypolipaemic potential. The results showed that all treatments reduced blood lipid levels but that hydrosoluble chitosan associated with Brassica olearaceae L. proved most efficient, because it decreased the levels of total cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol, VLDL-cholesterol and triglycerides in blood serum. The overall results suggest that the hydrosoluble chitosan/Brassica olearaceae L. association is a therapeutic alternative for hyperlipidaemia, and in this way may contribute to the prevention of atherogenic processes.

Aloe↗
PubMed1985

Effect of aloe lectin on deoxyribonucleic acid synthesis in baby hamster kidney cells.

A homogeneous glycoprotein (mol. wt 40,000) containing 34% carbohydrate was isolated from Aloe arborescens var. natalensis. At a concentration of 5 micrograms/ml, this glycoprotein was shown to stimulate deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) synthesis in baby hamster kidney (BHK) cells and to have the properties of a lectin which reacts with sheep blood cells. The chemical and physical properties of the glycoprotein (aloe lectin) are also discussed.

Aloe↗
PubMed1998

In vitro angiogenic activity of Aloe vera gel on calf pulmonary artery endothelial (CPAE) cells.

Angiogenic activity of Aloe vera gel was investigated by in vitro assay. We obtained the most active fraction from dichloromethane extract of Aloe vera gel by partitioning between hexane and 90% aqueous methanol. The most active fraction (F3) increased the proliferation of calf pulmonary artery endothelial (CPAE) cells. In addition, F3 fraction induced CPAE cells to invade type 1 collagen gel and form capillary-like tube through in vitro angiogenesis assay, and increased the invasion of CPAE cells into matrigel through in vitro invasion assay. Furthermore, the effect on the mRNA expression of proteolytic enzymes which are key participants in the regulation of extracellular matrix degradation was investigated by northern blot analysis. F3 fraction enhanced mRNA expression of urokinase-type plasminogen activator (u-PA), matrix metalloproteinase-2 (MMP-2), and membrane-type MMP (MT-MMP) in CPAE cells whereas the expression of plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1) mRNA was not changed.

Aloe↗
PubMed1998

The development of a new method to detect the adulteration of commercial aloe gel powders.

Simple and accurate methods to detect the adulteration of commercial aloe gel powder were developed. Crude polysaccharide in aloe gel powder was isolated by precipitating with excess ethyl alcohol and total hexose in isolated polysaccharide was determined by Dubois assay. After hydrolysis of non-dialysable polysaccharides, resultant free sugar was determined by gas chromatography for sugar recognition and ash contents was considered simultaneously. In some products, the content of ash was very low while the content of total hexose was very high. And polysaccharides of these products revealed typical dextran pattern, therefore, these products could be identified that adulterated with commercial maltodextrin. The content of maltodextrin in adulterated product was determined by HPLC and TLC analysis which could be adopted as a part of a certification process.

Aloe↗
PubMed2000

Aloe L.--a second plant family without (TTTAGGG)n telomeres.

The physical ends of chromosomes are protected and stabilised by telomeres. The sequence of telomeric DNA normally consists of a simple repeating unit that is conserved in many organisms. Most plants examined have been shown to possess Arabidopsis-type telomeres consisting of many repeat copies of the sequence 5'-TTTAGGG-3'. Using fluorescent in situ hybridisation, slot blotting and the asymmetric polymerase chain reaction we demonstrate an absence of Arabidopsis-type telomeres in the genus Aloe (family Asphodelaceae). The only other plant genera so far reported without such telomeres are Allium, Nothoscordum, and Tulbaghia (family Alliaceae). As these genera and Aloe are petaloid monocots in the Asparagales, it is suggested that an absence of Arabidopsis-type telomeres may be characteristic of this related group of plants.

Allium↗
PubMed2007

In vitro antileishmanial activity of Aloe vera leaf exudate: a potential herbal therapy in leishmaniasis.

Aloe vera has wide spread use in health products, and despite several reports on the whole plant and inner gel, little work has been performed on the leaf exudate. Our aim was to evaluate the in vitro efficacy of Aloe vera leaf exudate (AVL) in leishmaniasis. Irrespective of the disease manifestation, promastigotes from strains responsible for cutaneous, mucocutaneous, and visceral leishmaniasis were susceptible to AVL and their IC(50) ranged from 100 to 180 microg/ml. In axenic amastigotes cultured from a L. donovani strain 2001 responsible for visceral leishmaniasis, the IC(50) was 6.0 microg/ml. AVL caused activation of host macrophages evident by an increased release of members of reactive oxygen species that was attenuated by preincubation with free radical scavengers. Collectively, our data indicates that AVL, via its direct leishmanicidal activity which can be further enhanced by activation of host macrophages, is an effective antileishmanial agent meriting further pharmacological investigations.

Aloe↗
PubMed2005

Standardization of marketed Kumariasava--an Ayurvedic Aloe vera product.

Kumariasava is a marketed ayurvedic formulation containing Aloe vera as one of the main ingredients. Present study aims to standardize Kumariasava based upon chromatographic and spectral studies. Various extracts of Kumariasava have been prepared and evaluated. Chloroform extract indicated presence of three well-resolved fluorescent components. Spectral data of these three fractions (III-V) have been reported as a valuable analytical tool for routine standardization of Kumariasava. Fraction V indicated presence of anthraquinones, which is reported as the main constituent of aloe, namely aloin. Hence, isolation and evaluation of aloin has been undertaken. Aloin can be used as possible marker compound for standardization of Kumariasava.

Aloe↗
PubMed2006

Nutritional content of fresh, bee-collected and stored pollen of Aloe greatheadii var. davyana (Asphodelaceae).

Aloe greatheadii var. davyana is the most important indigenous South African bee plant. Fresh, bee-collected and stored pollen of this aloe was collected and analysed for its nutritional content, including amino acid and fatty acid composition. Highly significant differences were found between the three types of pollen. Collection and storage by the bees resulted in increased water (13-21% wet weight) and carbohydrate content (35-61% dry weight), with a resultant decrease in crude protein (51-28% dry weight) and lipid content (10-8% dry weight). Essential amino acids were present in equal or higher amounts than the required minimum levels for honeybee development, with the exception of tryptophan. Fatty acids comprised a higher proportion of total lipid in fresh pollen than in bee-collected and stored pollen. This study is the first to compare the changes that occur in pollen of a single species after collection by honeybees.

Aloe↗
PubMed1999

Prevention of ultraviolet radiation-induced suppression of contact hypersensitivity by Aloe vera gel components.

We have recently reported that Aloe vera gel contains small molecular weight immunomodulators, G1C2F1, that restore ultraviolet B (UVB)-suppressed accessory cell function of epidermal Langerhans cells (LC) in vitro. In the present study we evaluated the UVB-protective activity of G1C2F1 in vivo. Exposure of the shaved abdominal skin of mice to 2.4 KJ/m2 of UVB radiation resulted in suppression of contact sensitization through the skin to 41.1%, compared to normal unirradiated skin. Topical application of G1C2F1 immediately after irradiation reduced this suppression significantly. The percentage recovery of UVB-suppressed contact hypersensitivity (CHS) response was 52.3, 77.3, and 86.6% when the irradiated skin was treated once with 0.1, 0.5, and 2.5 mg/ml of G1C2F1-containing cream, respectively. G1C2F1 did not show nonspecific stimulatory activity on CHS response. The present study, together with the previous observation, show that Aloe vera gel contains small molecular weight immunomodulators that prevent UVB-induced immune suppression in the skin by restoration of UVB-induced damages on epidermal LC.

Adjuvants, Immunologic↗
PubMed2000

An isozyme of the NADP-malic enzyme of a CAM plant, Aloe arborescens, with variation on conservative amino acid residues.

In Aloe arborescens, an obligate CAM plant, Western analysis detected three major isoforms of NADP-malic enzyme (NADP-ME), 72kDa with a pI of 6.0, 65kDa with a pI of 5.6 and 65kDa with a pI of 5.5. Among them, the 65kDa protein with a pI of 5.5 was leaf-specific, and the 65kDa protein with a pI of 5.6 was found only in roots, whereas the 72kDa protein was uniformly detected in both organs. Activity staining indicated enzyme activity of both 65kDa NADP-MEs but little activity of the 72kDa protein. A cDNA clone encoding a leaf-abundant NADP-ME, AME1, was isolated. Deduced amino acid sequence of AME1 showed a high degree of homology to known NADP-MEs, but it was also found that AME1 contained substitutions on five conservative amino acid residues, some of which have been predicted to be important for their enzyme activity. Transgenic rice carrying the aloe AME1 gene efficiently produced an additional 65kDa protein with a pI of 5.5 as an active NADP-ME. These results indicate that AME1 corresponds to the leaf-specific 65kDa NADP-ME, which may be involved in CAM photosynthesis. It was also shown that substitutions of these conservative amino acid residues identified in AME1 still allowed it to give enzyme activity.

Aloe↗