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At least 199 records · Page 11Linked to original sources
PubMed1988

[Lesions of skeletal muscles in rats with acute alcoholic intoxication].

Histological and histochemical studies of the rat skeletal muscles in acute alcohol intoxication have revealed metabolic disturbances, characterized by a decreased glycogen level, small-drop fatty infiltration, decreased activity of aerobic and enhanced activity of anaerobic enzyme glycolysis, dystrophic and focal necrotic myocyte changes. Acute alcohol intoxication in fasting animals is accompanied by more pronounced dystrophic and necrotic myocyte changes, decreased glycogen and lipid content.

Alcoholic Intoxication↗
PubMed1988

Acute alcohol intoxication in socially drinking female and male offspring of alcoholic fathers.

Alcohol pharmacokinetics, mood-state alterations and psychomotor performance were investigated in women and men at risk for developing alcoholism. Estimated body water was used to calculate the alcohol dose in an effort to eliminate differences in alcohol pharmacokinetics between women and men due to differences in body composition. Differences were not detected between women and men or family history groups (family history positive, FH +, and family history negative, FH-) on absorption time, peak blood alcohol level (BAL), elimination time, or area under the blood alcohol curve (AUC). FH + men reported no central stimulant effects at peak BAL on the Sensation Scale, whereas FH- men and women all reported central stimulant effects. Further, FH + men reported a decrease in anxiety after the ingestion of alcohol. Acute intoxication did not affect performance in the FH + group on a finger-tapping task. In the FH - group, the dominant hand was significantly impaired during the ascending limb of the blood alcohol curve and recovered during the descending limb. Differences between family history groups or sex were not detected on a grooved-pegboard task. Results indicated that FH + men may experience alcohol differently from the FH - group and FH + women. FH + women also showed different reactions to acute alcohol than the FH - group. However, these differences were not as consistent across tasks.

Adult↗
PubMed1988

[Effect of M and N-cholinoblockers on the excitability of the dorsal hippocampus in acute alcoholic intoxication].

It has been established in chronic experiments on rabbits that acute alcohol intoxication increased the after-discharge thresholds in response to electrical stimulation of dorsal hippocampus. It has been shown that neurotropic agents selectively blocking M- or N-cholinoceptors exerted various effects. M-cholino-blocker methamizol (1 mg/kg, i. p.) decreased the excitability of dorsal hippocampus, potentiated EEG and behavioural effects of alcohol intoxication. N-cholinoblocker etherophen (IEM-506, 20 mg/kg, i. p.), on the contrary, increased the excitability of dorsal hippocampus and reduced behavioural effects of alcohol administration.

Alcoholic Intoxication↗
PubMed1988

The emergency department surveillance of alcohol intoxication after motor vehicle accidents.

To assess the surveillance of alcohol intoxication by surgical house staff, we examined the charts of 346 motor vehicle accident patients who presented to the trauma center of an urban teaching hospital emergency department. Half of the charts were reviewed before and half were reviewed after June 1986, when Connecticut enacted PA86-345, a law changing court rules of evidence so that the analysis by a hospital of a patient's blood could be used to establish probable cause for driving while under the influence of an intoxicant. We predicted and found no change in house-staff practice after passage of the law, since information about intoxication was obtained for immediate treatment. The rate of testing remained constant at 25%, with the median alcohol concentration at 200 mg/dL. Not one patient was referred for alcohol abuse evaluation or treatment. We recommend more vigorous attempts to evaluate, diagnose, and refer patients who abuse alcohol since they threaten the public health.

Accidents, Traffic↗
PubMed1989

'Alcohol intoxication' or 'drunkenness': is there a difference?

The terms 'alcohol intoxication' and 'drunkenness' have hitherto been used interchangeably. A distinction between these terms is justified. Anthropological research suggests that the behaviour displayed by people who have consumed alcohol has more to do with culturally-determined expectations than with the properties of alcohol. Subjects who believe they have consumed alcohol when they have not behave more aggressively than those who believe that they have not consumed alcohol. There are significant false-positive and false-negative rates when doctors use clinical signs to judge whether or not a patient is intoxicated. People who die in police custody after arrest for offences of drunkenness include a proportion who have a negligible quantity of alcohol in the body and whose cause of death is unrelated to alcohol. It is proposed: (1) that the term 'alcohol intoxication' should refer to a state in which alcohol is present in the body; (2) its diagnosis should be based on toxicological evidence for the presence of alcohol in body fluids or tissues; and (3) the term 'drunkenness' should be used to describe behaviour displayed by people who have consumed, believe that they have consumed, or want others to believe that they have consumed, alcohol. Some clinical and legal implications of this distinction are discussed.

Adult↗
PubMed1983

[Left ventricular hemodynamics in acute alcohol intoxication in guinea pigs].

This study was undertaken to investigate to what extent the cardiodepression of acute alcohol intoxication is dose-dependent and to assess the validity of isovolumetric and afterload parameters in the latter condition. Isovolumetric and ejection phase parameters were measured in-situ in the intact heart of the guinea pig. The diastolic and systolic pressure-volume-relationships were calculated on the basis of direct measurements obtained at control conditions and during acuta alcohol intoxication at blood alcohol concentrations (BAC) of 160 and 280 mg/100 ml, respectively. Cardiodepression was dose-dependent; left ventricular isovolumetric pressure fell 13% at a BAC of 280 mg/100 ml, maximal rate of pressure rise (dp/dt max) decreased 33%. The changes in afterload parameters were less consistent: there was an increase in left ventricular isovolumetric pressure and dp/dt max in the group with BAC of 160 mg/100 ml, but both of these parameters decreased at BAC levels of 280 mg/100 ml. Stroke volume and preload decreased comparably in both groups. The divergent pattern of induced hemodynamic alterations may be due to peripheral effects of ethanol and/or counter-regulatory adrenergic mechanisms. The mortality rate associated with BAC of 160 mg/100 ml was 55% and that of 280 mg/100 ml was 75%.

Alcoholic Intoxication↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Action of alcoholic intoxication in rats during lactation on the function of the hypothalamo-hypophyseal-adrenal system in the progeny].

The authors review the effect of alcoholic intoxication of mother's body during lactation on hypothalamo-hypophyseal-adrenocortical function (HHACF) of the offspring both at rest and during performance of muscle exercise of medium duration. During lactation, alcoholic intoxication disturbs the normal development of HHACF), with the disturbances being persistent and aggravated with age. The offspring of rats exposed to alcoholic intoxication responded to muscle exercise by a significant lowering of all the parameters under study. Of paramount importance are two concepts derived from the studies described. First, it is clearly seen that abnormalities are experienced both by the adrenal cortex and the central component of HHACF--the hypothalamic control of the corticotropic function of the hypophysis. Second, the data obtained enrich the concepts about the adverse action of alcohol on the offspring (alcohol intake by lactating mothers).

11-Hydroxycorticosteroids↗
PubMed1988

Alcohol intoxication reduces visual sustained attention.

Effects of alcohol intoxication on visual sustained attention were studied using a vigilance task entailing detection of degraded target stimuli. Data were obtained in separate sessions under four ethanol doses, ranging from 0 (placebo) to 1.05 g/kg lean body weight, with periodic maintenance dosing of 0.12 g/kg. Intoxication lowered the overall level of detection performance, and in addition produced dose-related increases in the rate of performance decrement over time. Analysis of performance data using techniques derived from Signal Detection Theory indicated that the decrements were due specifically to alterations in perceptual sensitivity. Examination of eye movements and blinks indicated that the effects of ethanol were not mediated peripherally. Rather, alcohol appears to have deleterious effects on central processing capacity and the availability of capacity over time. The alcohol-related failure of sustained attention may contribute to increased accident risk in tasks requiring continuous performance.

Adult↗
PubMed1983

Race, sex, marihuana use and alcohol intoxication in college students.

In college students, alcohol intoxication was more frequent in men than in women, in Whites than in Blacks and in White women than in Black women. The difference between White and Black men was negligible. Only gender differences were noted in marihuana use.

Black or African American↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Energy metabolism disorders in the myocardium due to alcoholic intoxication].

Energy metabolism was studied in rat myocardial mitochondria by estimation of respiratory enzymes activity and content of the Krebs cycle substrates under conditions of acute and chronic intoxication with ethyl alcohol. In the acute intoxication mitochondrial redox enzymes were inhibited (glutamate- and malate dehydrogenases, NADH cytochrome C oxidoreductase and cytochrome C oxidase), succinate- and lactate dehydrogenases were activated; at the same time, contents of pyruvate, succinate, and alpha-ketoglutarate were elevated and the content of oxalacetic acid was decreased. Prolonged administration of alcohol (within 2 months) caused an intensification of glycolysis and an increase in NADH cytochrome C oxidoreductase pathway with preferable oxidation of succinate and activation of cytochrome C oxidase; the phenomenon appears to be an adaptation to chronic "alcohol hypoxia". Discontinuation of alcohol administration led to deficiency of native substrates in myocardium (primarily, oxalacetic and succinic acids) due to decrease in NAD reduction via alcohol dehydrogenase reaction and to increase in oxidation of NAD-dependent endogenous substrates.

Alcoholic Intoxication↗
PubMed1993

[Medicolegal aspects of acute alcoholic intoxication].

The médico-legal aspects of acute alcohol intoxication mainly concern driving while under the effect of alcohol and the regulation thereof. In France, the legal limit is 0.8 mg of alcohol per litre of blood and 0.4 mg per litre of expired air. Examination is made by breathalyser on expired air. In the blood, measurement is performed by oxidation-reduction or gas chromatography, and in the expired air, by alcoholometry. Determination of the level of blood alcohol remains only approximate and a minimal indicator, given the variable number of factors that may intervene.

Alcoholic Intoxication↗