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PubMed2001

[Autonomic nervous system regulation of cardiac rhythm and psychophysiologic state of individuals working with wood antiseptics].

The authors evaluated vegetative homeostasis and higher nervous activities in individuals working with various wood antiseptics. The work with the antiseptics free of chlorphenols appears to increase parasympathetic activity; longer length of work with chlorphenol antiseptics activates sympathetic system. Contact with chemicals speeds up nervous processes and changes relationships between brain structures associated with decision making and motor activity regulation.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Minimal inhibitory and bactericidal concentrations of some antiseptics and disinfectants against strains of hospital origin].

The MIC in solid media and the B.M.C. by the dilution-neutralization test using sterile water, was determined using 10 antiseptics and disinfectants with 70 strains of 10 species of Gram negative bacteria more frequently causing nosocomial infections in Ciudad Sanitaria Reina Sofía, Córdoba, in Spain. Relationship between the two tests was searched with no positive results. The more effective antiseptics were silver nitrate and chlorhexidine, the less active was phenol. Activity of some antiseptics was similar at 30 or 60 minutes of contact with the microorganisms.

Anti-Infective Agents, Local↗
PubMed2005

Topical antiseptics in healthcare.

Topical antiseptics are essential for infection control. Antiseptic formulations employ a variety of mechanisms, act at various rates and persistence intervals, demonstrate various levels of toxicity, and are more or less likely to trigger resistance. The desired characteristics are considered when selecting antiseptics for hand washing, surgical scrubbing, and patient preoperative skin preparation. The selection process requires evidence of product safety and efficacy. This article explores currently available topical antimicrobial agents used in medical settings.

Anti-Infective Agents, Local↗
PubMed2006

Disinfection by antiseptics in management of postoperative surgical wounds in urologic operations.

The objective of this study was to confirm that frequent disinfection by antiseptics is unnecessary on surgical wounds of urologic operations. Patients who received urologic operations were divided into 3 groups that had the same surgical dressings but different frequencies of disinfection and different antiseptics used. Surgical wounds were evaluated clinically and bacteriologically for the period until removal of sutures. Of the 97 patients randomly recruited for the study, 3 developed surgical-site infection (SSI). There was no significant difference in the incidence of SSI among the 3 groups. Bacterial counts of surgical wounds increased over time after operation, to similar extents in the 3 groups. The major isolate was Staphylococcus epidermidis, one of the normal florae on the skin. This strain was found at almost equal frequencies in all groups. In conclusion, our study suggested that covering with the surgical dressing without frequent disinfection by antiseptics was effective for prevention of SSI. Thus, traditional frequent disinfection should be abandoned.

Anti-Infective Agents, Local↗
PubMed2005

Persistence of antimicrobial effect of antiseptics in surgical hand hygiene regimens.

OBJECTIVES: To determine the persistence of antimicrobial effect of antiseptic solutions used in surgical hand hygiene procedure, and the in-house preparation was compared to the commercial solution for its efficacy. MATERIAL AND METHOD: The present study was performed in a 150-bed hospital involving 19 staff from general, orthopedics, KUB, and OB-GYN surgical teams in 48 operations. The antimicrobial effects from 4 different solutions were determined and compared. RESULTS: The study showed that the commercial alcohol-based antiseptic solution was equally or more effective than long-time accepted povidone-iodine or chlorhexidine gluconate solutions and had better persistent effect. The in-house preparation was effective comparable to the commercial solution. CONCLUSION: The commercial alcohol-based antiseptic solution had better persistence of antimicrobial effects compared to the in-house alcohol-based hand rub, povidone iodine and chlorhexidine gluconate.

Anti-Infective Agents, Local↗
PubMed1991

Penetration power of antiseptic creams ("in vitro" model with pig skin).

By means of an "in vitro" method using pig skin, the authors determine the penetration power of some antiseptic creams in order out the most effective one from this point of view in the treatment of subscar-located infections. The following antiseptic creams were studied: 1% Silver Sulfadiazine, 1% Silver Sulfadiazine with 2.2% Cerium Nitrate, 2.2% Cerium Nitrate, 10% Iodine Povidone, 0.2% Nitrofurazone 0.1%, 0.5% and 1% Chlorhexidine. These products were faced with 17 microorganisms isolated from burn wounds and a control one. The minimal inhibitory concentrations (MIC) obtained after passing through the penetration power of some antiseptic creams in order to find out the most effective one from this point of view in the treatment of subscar-located infections.

Animals↗
PubMed1991

Evaluation of surgical scrub and antiseptic solutions for surgical preparation of canine paws.

The purpose of the prospective study reported here was to evaluate surgical preparation of canine paws. Three combinations of surgical scrub solutions and antiseptic solutions were used: (1) 7.5% povidone-iodine scrub/10% povidone-iodine solution; (2) 2% chlorhexidine acetate scrub/2% chlorhexidine diacetate solution; and (3) tincture of green soap/70% isopropyl alcohol. The control was warm (38 to 42 C) tap water. Four microbial colony counts were used to evaluate surgical preparation of 4 paws of 8 dogs. Specimens were obtained from the paws for a baseline microbial flora count. After surgical scrub was performed, additional specimens were obtained for bacteriologic culturing. Antiseptic was applied followed by collection of another specimen for bacteriologic culturing. A final specimen was obtained following a 24-hour period under a sterile occlusive bandage. The 3 scrub solutions and the tap water control resulted in lower colony counts following scrubbing of the paws; however, only the 3 antiseptic solutions resulted in further colony count reduction after their application. Evaluation of residual colony counts isolated from specimens taken after a 24-hour period under a sterile occlusive bandage revealed chlorhexidine and povidone-iodine scrub/antiseptic combinations to be similar in antibacterial activity, with significantly (P less than or equal to 0.05) lower colony counts than those from specimens of paws treated with either the tincture of green soap/isopropyl alcohol combination or the tap water control. The lack of a significant difference between the bacterial counts immediately after surgical preparation with povidone-iodine and chlorhexidine and their respective 24-hour residual counts, indicated no particular advantage to surgical preparation and occlusive bandaging 24 hours prior to surgery.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Animals↗
PubMed1990

[Evaluation of the effectiveness of an antiseptic preparation "Apolam" for the treatment of surgeon's hands].

The authors discuss the efficacy of sterilizing the surgeon's hands with apolam, a new antiseptic. This antiseptic is a surfactant referred to quaternary ammonia salts. Studies carried out in 140 volunteers have demonstrated high quality of sterilization with this antiseptic and its high activity against pathogenic and opportunistic microflora. No allergic reactions or local irritation symptoms were recorded. Reliable sterilization of surgeon's hands is achieved by mere plunging and standard treatment of the hands in 0.5 percent apolam solution for 60 sec.

Anti-Infective Agents, Local↗
PubMed1990

[The antimicrobial effectiveness of hand antiseptics].

The new developed antimicrobial agent metacid (chlorine hydrate of polyhexamethylene guanidine) has been suggested to antiseptic of hands in 0.25% water/alcohole solution resp. 0.5% water solution by reason of its good antiseptic effectivity. Admixtures in soaps the agent is able to increase their antiseptic activity distinctly. Metacid in its effectivity can be compared to chlorhexidin.

Colony Count, Microbial↗
PubMed1989

[Influence of antiseptic measures on the flora of the oral cavity. 2. In vivo examinations].

For prophylactic antisepsis of the oral cavity 12 antiseptic solutions and 4 antiseptically acting tablets were examined in vivo. A total of 720 samples were evaluated after indirect contact sampling and 80 after direct contact sampling. After the evaluation of the in vivo findings the following antiseptic agents can be recommended for prophylactic antisepsis of the oral cavity in stomatological practice: the 0.2% chlorhexidine solution, the 0.1% aqueous solution of Tosyl-chloramid-Sodium, and Sulfachin.

Anti-Infective Agents, Local↗
PubMed1989

[Adaptation of pathogens of purulent infections to surface-active antiseptics].

A comparative study was carried out of adaptative capacities of microorganisms to antiseptic agents from the group of cationic surface-active substances (SAS) and antibiotics. It was established that antiseptic agents from SAS group may induce the appearance of resistant to them populations of microorganisms. The resistance acquired to one of the surface-active antiseptics spreads to other agents of this group. At the same time, cationic SAS reduce the frequency and rate of appearance of antibiotico-resistant populations of bacteria during combined use with antibiotics.

Adaptation, Biological↗
PubMed1977

A reappraisal of the use of antiseptics in surgical practice.

The use of antiseptics was reappraised because of the increasing problem of antibiotic-resistant bacteria. A formaldehyde (noxythiolin) and a halogen (povidone-iodine) were investigated, these being the most appropriate antiseptic groups. Povidone-iodine solution significantly reduced the mortality of mice (P less than 0.01) and rats (P less than 0.01) with peritonitis. Noxythiolin (1% and 0.5%) did not. Antiseptic irrigation of the rat colon before and after anastomosis resulted in significantly fewer 'poor' anastomoses (P less than 0.05) without inhibiting healing. Noxythiolin 2.5% and 1% significantly reduced peritoneal adhesion formation in rats, but a newly formulated povidone-iodine solution with increased polyvinylpyrrolidone content was superior to noxythiolin 1% and 0.5%. Povidone-iodine neither inhibited rat abdominal wound healing nor induced bacterial resistance. In 3 subsequent controlled clinical trials a dry-powder povidone-iodine formulation halved wound infection after grid-iron appendicectomy (P less than 0.025), reduced infection in elective 'clean' surgery, and significantly reduced infection after a wide variety of 'potentially contaminated' abdominal procedures (P less than 0.01). A return to the principles of Lister is advocated.

Animals↗
PubMed1988

[The effect of blood on the activity of some antiseptics].

The effect of blood on the activity of 7.5% povidine-iodine, 4% chlorhexidine gluconate, 10% benzalconium chloride, 1.5% chlorhexidine gluconate with cetrimide mixture, dust detergent and soap has been investigated. Two experimental methods have been applied. Using the first experimental method, the activity of antiseptics with an absence and presence of 25% blood in vitro has been investigated. It has been observed that povidone-iodine no germicidal activity at all whereas the activities of the other antiseptics decreased in varying raties. In the second experiment, the effect of blood has been investigated while the activity of antiseptics continued on the residuent flora of the hands. The changes brought about by blood was not found to statistically significant.

Anti-Infective Agents, Local↗
PubMed1985

Activity of non antiseptic soaps and ethanol for hand disinfection.

This study was done to investigate the antibacterial efficacy of the successive use of non-antiseptic soaps with different pH and ethanol at different dilutions during in-use tests on the natural cutaneous flora for both surgical and hospital hand-washing. The successive combinations of detergents and alcohol were less effective than the use of alcohol alone. The influence of humidity and pH could be taken into consideration. The antibacterial effect of ethanol after hand-washing is relatively slow. Taking into account this delayed effect, the antibacterial action of soap + ethanol is of the same order as that obtained with antiseptic preparations which have more efficient immediate results. The existence of large individual variations during repeated assays suggests an important role of local phenomena in the cutaneous coat. Thus for surgical purposes (= with glove-wearing), the use of ethanol after hand-washing with an acidic soap could be taken into consideration, but for hygienic purposes (= immediate effect, without glove-wearing) the application of ethanol after hand-washing with non antiseptic soap is not advantageous from a bacteriological quantitative point of view.

Disinfection↗
PubMed1984

[Effect of various antiseptics on Chlamydia trachomatis].

We compared the activity of different antiseptics (chlorhexidine, picloxidine dichlorhydrate, povidone-iodine, and noxythiolin) on Chlamydia trachomatis using two techniques. In the first, an antigenic preparation obtained from a Chlamydia trachomatis-infected cell culture was used. Different times of contact and different concentrations were studied. The antigen-antiseptic mixture was inoculated on healthy cell cultures and infected cells were counted 48 hours later. In the second technique, previously infected cells were incubated with antiseptics at different concentrations for 48 hours. Results are given as a percentage of infected cells. Chlorhexidine and picloxidine dichlorhydrate have a rapid action on Chlamydia trachomatis. Noxythiolin requires a longer period (2 hours) to be active. Povidone-iodine exhibits no activity on Chlamydia trachomatis.

Anti-Infective Agents, Local↗
PubMed1984

A new in vivo model for the evaluation of topical antiseptics on superficial wounds. The effect of 70% alcohol and povidone-iodine solution.

A preliminary evaluation of the antiseptic activity of 70% alcohol and 10% povidone-iodine solution was carried out in an animal model. After the inoculation of partial-thickness wounds with Staphylococcus aureus, 0.1 mL of the antiseptic agent (70% alcohol or povidone-iodine solution) was rubbed into the wound for 30 s. The agent was left on the wound for one minute, three minutes, and 24 hours, and then the wounds were cultured for bacteria. After one minute, the treatments did not reduce the number of pathogens. After three minutes, both 70% alcohol and povidone-iodine solution produced a slight reduction, and after 24 hours, povidone-iodine solution slightly reduced the number of pathogenic bacteria that could be cultured. However, after 24 hours, neither agent reduced the number of pathogens below 10(5) colony-forming units per milliliter. These preliminary data suggest that single applications of 70% alcohol or povidone-iodine may have very limited efficacy as antiseptic agents for the treatment of superficial wounds.

Animals↗
PubMed1995

[Antiseptic and antibiotic resistance of 310 gram-positive strains isolated from udders after use of post-milking teat germicides].

The sensitivity of 310 Gram-positive strains, isolated from milking cows udders, to 4 antiseptics (cetrimide, chlorhexidine, hexachlorophene and mercury) and 9 antibiotics (ampicillin, streptomycin, erythromycin, chloramphenicol, kanamycin, tetracycline, gentamycin, novobiocin and oxacillin) was determined. The statistical analysis of correlation was carried out for the bacterial species studied (Staphylococcus, Streptococcus and Bacillus), the scattering of the minimum inhibitory concentrations of which has proved to be statistically heterogeneous towards antiseptics and antibiotics. This analysis revealed positive links between chlorhexidine and 5 antibiotics for Streptococcus and between hexachlorophene and oxacillin for Bacillus. The analysis of results at the level of bacterial species, taking into account a loss of sensitivity of 4 times the modal minimum inhibitory concentration of the species reveals the importance of the strains which are resistant to many antibiotics and especially the Enterococcus and the species Staphylococcus epidermidis. Indeed, these strains are possible reservoirs of plasmids of resistance to antibiotics and antiseptics.

Animals↗
PubMed1994

[Brief antiseptic application of iodine in neonatal intensive care units: effects on thyroid function].

BACKGROUND: Transient thyroid dysfunction with its adverse effects of diminished levels of thyroid hormone on mental development has been reported in neonates whose skin has been cleaned with iodine-containing substances. We report the results of thyroid screening in iodine-exposed neonates and controls. POPULATION AND METHODS: Thirty seven neonates admitted to an intensive care unit from 1990 to 1992 and whose medical condition required umbilical catheterization were included in the study. There were 21 neonates (six term and 15 preterm) for whom the area around the umbilicus was cleansed with iodine antiseptic and 16 controls (four term and 12 preterm) for whom the antiseptic used did not contain iodine. Levels of serum free T3 and T4, and TSH were determined by 7 days after catheterization as did urinary iodine and creatinine concentrations. RESULTS: Iodine-exposed neonates had significant high levels of TSH (P < 0.01) and low free T3 (P < 0.05); levels of free T4 were lower than in controls but not significantly. Urinary iodine excretion was significantly increased. The increase in TSH disappeared between 15 and 30 days after iodine application. CONCLUSION: Application of iodine antiseptics may cause transient thyroid dysfunction in neonates leading to propose the use of non iodinated substances with similar antibacterial efficacy.

Anti-Infective Agents, Local↗