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At least 199 records · Page 11Linked to original sources
PubMed1995

Arthritis and other rheumatic conditions: who is affected now, who will be affected later? National Arthritis Data Workgroup.

OBJECTIVE: We present national and state estimates for 1990 and projections for the year 2020 of the prevalence of self-reported arthritis and other rheumatic diseases and related activity limitations. We further suggest a research and policy agenda to address this important and growing public health problem. METHODS: Estimates and projections were derived from household interviews conducted for the 1989-1991 National Health Interview Survey, and were applied to United States census population estimates for 1990 and projections for 2020. RESULTS: The prevalence rate of self-reported arthritis and other rheumatic conditions in the United States is projected to increase from 15.0% (37.9 million) of the 1990 population to 18.2% (59.4 million) of the estimated 2020 population. Activity limitation attributed to these conditions is projected to increase from 2.8% (7.0 million) of the 1990 population to 3.6% (11.6 million) of the 2020 population. Prevalence rates were higher for older persons, women, residents of nonmetropolitan areas, and those with less education or lower income. CONCLUSIONS: Arthritis and other rheumatic conditions are frequent and disabling public health problems now, and are projected to become even more so by 2020. Implementing the suggested research and public health agenda could reduce the occurrence and impact of these conditions.

Activities of Daily Living↗
PubMed2003

Racial disparities in breast carcinoma survival rates: seperating factors that affect diagnosis from factors that affect treatment.

BACKGROUND: Black females have lower breast carcinoma survival rates compared with white females. One possible reason is that black females have more advanced-stage breast disease. Another factor may be racial differences in the utilization of cancer treatments. METHODS: The authors determined racial differences in 6-year stage specific survival rates, adjusting for age and treatments (using estrogen receptor [ER] status), to determine whether there were racial differences in treatment. Racial differences in the stage distributions of breast disease were used to examine the impact of racial factors on breast carcinoma diagnosis. RESULTS: For all breast carcinoma cases, the stage specific 6-year survival rates, in general, were significantly lower for black females for all stages combined and for Stages I-III in every age group. However, examination by different treatments, as measured by ER status, revealed some different results. Only black women younger than age 50 years with ER-positive tumors and women younger than age 65 years with ER-negative tumors had significantly lower stage-specific survival rates. In addition, the stage distribution analyses showed that black females of every age group had less Stage I breast disease. CONCLUSIONS: For younger black women (younger than age 50 years), there was evidence of racial differences in treatment for both women with ER-positive tumors and women with ER-negative tumors, as indicated by their lower stage-specific survival rates. In contrast, for black females age 65 years or older with ER-positive or ER-negative tumors, the lack of a significant difference in the stage-specific survival rate suggests that Medicare may help to alleviate racial disparities in cancer treatment. Furthermore, racial differences in the stage distributions indicated the need for earlier diagnosis for black females of every age.

Black or African American↗
PubMed2006

Amino acid substitutions affecting protein dynamics in eglin C do not affect heat capacity change upon unfolding.

The heat capacity change upon unfolding (deltaC(p)) is a thermodynamic parameter that defines the temperature dependence of the thermodynamic stability of proteins; however, physical basis of the heat capacity change is not completely understood. Although empirical surface area-based calculations can predict heat capacity changes reasonably well, accumulating evidence suggests that changes in hydration of those surfaces is not the only parameter contributing to the observed heat capacity changes upon unfolding. Because packing density in the protein interior is similar to that observed in organic crystals, we hypothesized that changes in protein dynamics resulting in increased rigidity of the protein structure might contribute to the observed heat capacity change upon unfolding. Using differential scanning calorimetry we characterized the thermodynamic behavior of a serine protease inhibitor eglin C and two eglin C variants with altered native state dynamics, as determined by NMR. We found no evidence of changes in deltaC(p) in either of the variants, suggesting that changes in rigidity do not contribute to the heat capacity change upon unfolding in this model system.

Amino Acid Sequence↗
PubMed1990

Genetics of factors affecting the life history of Drosophila melanogaster. IV. Cytoplasmic/maternal factors affect egg insertion behavior.

The genetic basis of insertion behavior of laboratory strains of Drosophila melanogaster was examined. Reciprocal crosses among five strains revealed a significant effect of interaction between cytoplasmic/maternal factors and the chromosomal genotype in determining the insertion tendency, thus complicating the characterization of the dominant/recessive nature of the insertion genes. The majority of heterozygous combinations demonstrated dominance or partial dominance for the higher insertion tendency over low insertion, while a few combinations produced results to the contrary. These could be due to a more complex genetic basis of insertion behavior than a simple dominant/recessive relationship or else to the cytoplasmic/maternal-chromosome interactions. Examination of the effects of each chromosome revealed the greatest contributions to insertion tendency from the second and third chromosomes, with a significant effect of interaction or nonadditivity of the insertion genes in these two chromosomes in the genotypes tested. The X and fourth chromosomes appear to contribute a small effect in some strains.

Animals↗
PubMed2002

MECP2 mutations in Rett syndrome adversely affect lymphocyte growth, but do not affect imprinted gene expression in blood or brain.

Rett syndrome (RTT) is an X-linked dominant neurodevelopmental disorder caused by mutations in MECP2, encoding methyl-CpG-binding protein 2 (MeCP2). As female somatic cells are mosaic for expression of mutant MECP2, we performed single cell cloning of T lymphocytes from four RTT patients with MECP2 mutations to isolate cells expressing mutant MECP2. Mutant-expressing clones were present at a significantly lower frequency (P<0.0001) than wild-type clones. These results demonstrate that although MECP2 is not essential for lymphocyte growth, expression of the MECP2 mutation causes a growth disadvantage in cultured clonal T cells by reducing the response to mitogenic stimulation. Mutant MECP2 was expressed at normal transcript and protein levels, and exhibited no significant effect on acetylated histones or methyl-binding protein 3 (MBD3) levels. Since MeCP2 was predicted to silence transcription of methylated genes, we hypothesized that MeCP2 may be required for silencing imprinted or methylated gene expression. The allelic expression of three different imprinted genes (SNRPN, IPW and IGF2) was examined by RT-PCR and RFLP analysis, and demonstrated normal monoallelic expression of all RTT clones. We also examined the expression of five imprinted genes (SNRPN, IPW, NECDIN, H19 and IGF2) in RTT brain samples and observed exclusive monoallelic expression. Expression levels were also normal in MECP2 mutant-expressing T cells for IFNG, a non-imprinted, but methylated gene differentially expressed in T cells, and LINE-1 retrotransposons hypothesized to be silenced by MeCP2. The histone deacetylase inhibitor Trichostatin A did not alter SNRPN expression, but did reverse silencing of IFNG in a MECP2-mutant-expressing clone. In conclusion, our results do not support an essential role for either MeCP2 or HDAC in the silencing of several imprinted genes.

Acetylation↗
PubMed1996

Medical, economic, and regulatory factors affecting point-of-care testing. A report of the conference on factors affecting point-of-care testing, Philadelphia, PA 6-7 May 1994.

On 6-7 May 1994, the National Academy of Clinical Biochemistry sponsored a conference on point-of-care testing (POCT) in Philadelphia, PA. Several other organizations including the American Association for Clinical Chemistry, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, the Clinical Laboratory Management Association, the National Laboratory Training Network Eastern Area Resource Office, and Thomas Jefferson University co-sponsored the program, which brought together approximately 225 healthcare professionals involved in the decision making processes of implementing and overseeing POCT. These individuals included clinical chemists, medical technologists, clinicians, pathologists, nurse managers, respiratory therapists, laboratory and hospital administrators, and manufacturers of point-of-care devices. The conference focused primarily on the critical care setting, but some attention was given to the more general patient setting. The panelists assessed POCT from four perspectives: (1) medical aspects, (2) delivery options for achieving rapid turn-around time, (3) the economics of the different delivery options, and (4) legislative, regulatory, and legal issues. At the completion of the meeting, areas of agreement and disagreement were summarized. In addition, areas requiring further research and standardization were delineated. The impact of the conference on laboratory practices was evaluated by means of a questionnaire sent to hospital-based healthcare personnel approximately 6 months after the meeting.

Critical Care↗