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PubMed2003

[Effect of para-aminobenzonic acid on cell-surface hydrophobicity of Actinomyces viscosus].

OBJECTIVE: To study the effect of Para-aminobenzonic acid (PABA) on cell-surface hydrophobicity of Actinomyces viscosus. METHODS: Microbial adhesion to hydrocarbons (MATH) was used to measure the cell-surface hydrophobicity of Actinomyces viscosus which grew in modified Carlsson medium with different dilution of PABA. RESULTS: Following the increase of concentration of PABA, the value of cell-surface hydrophobicity of Actinomyces viscosus decreased, which were 0.38900 +/- 0.00026, 0.25462 +/- 0.00168, 0.16360 +/- 0.00026 respectively(P < 0.05). CONCLUSION: PABA could inhibit the adherence of Actinomyces viscosus by way of changing its cell-surface hydrophobicity.

4-Aminobenzoic Acid↗

PubMed1992

[The incidence of Actinomyces israeli colonization in tonsillar tissue. A histopathological study].

The presence of the Actinomyces usually is not determined by the common histologic examination of preparations of tonsillar tissue which has been removed surgically. The Actinomyces are common saprophytic microorganisms which are found inter alia in the oral cavity and palatine tonsils. In this study, the authors examined histologically 238 surgical preparations of tonsillar tissue. In 84 of these, that is 35.21%, it has been noted, except the others, the presence of Actinomyces israeli. At the same time, the authors state their views concerning the contribution of the Actinomyces of tonsillar crypts to the pathogenesis of chronic tonsillitis.

Actinomyces↗

PubMed2006

[On the relationship between exopolysaccharides and Actinomyces viscosus in biofilms].

OBJECTIVE: To elucidate the biofilm structure of Actinomyces viscosus and the spatial distribution of exopolysaccharides in it. METHODS: The Actinomyces viscosus biofilm was made by allowing bacteria to attach to the cover glass surface. The biofilm structure and exopolysaccharides distribution at 24 hours were stained with Fluorescein, BODIPY and Calcofluor respectively and were visualized by confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM). RESULTS: Actinomyces viscosus could attach to glass surface and form a structural biofilm where bacteria were embedded in the EPS glycocalyx polymers, and characteristic microcolonies and channels were taking shape. Bacteria were sparse in the substratum area but crowd in the center. In the biofilm, the distribution of bacteria was consistent with the distribution of exopolysaccharides. CONCLUSION: The findings demonstrate an important role of exopolysaccharides in the process of Actinomyces viscosus biofilm formation.

Actinomyces viscosus↗

PubMed1990

[Nutrient media for fermenting Actinomyces].

Fitness of various commercial nutrient media, manufactured in the USSR, for isolation and cultivation of fermentation-producing actinomyces was under study. The media were tested in two stages. Reference and newly isolated actinomyces cultures were examined at stage 1, clinical material at stage 2. Hottinger's blood agar was found the best for maintaining the growth of facultative anaerobic actinomyces and possessed the highest differentiating characteristics. This medium maintained sufficiently intensive growth of anaerobic actinomyces but only in the presence of meat extract. A liquid nutrient medium was designed, based on Hottinger's hydrolysate, that may be used for studies of these microorganisms' physiologic parameters.

Actinomyces↗

PubMed1987

[Actinomyces and other bacteria isolated from cervical cultures of women using IUDs].

In this study we performed endocervical cultures from 517 patients with infection. In 75 of these 517 cultures (14.5%) Actinomyces has been grown. The incidence of Actinomyces has increased in correlation with IUD period, but the type of IUD has not affected the incidence of Actinomyces. Actinomycosis of uterus is usually superficial. It rarely spreads and causes pelvic actinomycosis. Even it can change to systemic infection. For this reason, in women who have used IUDs for long period Actinomyces infection should be kept in mind. Clinicians should be in corporation with the laboratories, this is important for identification of the microorganism and for the right therapy.

Actinomyces↗

PubMed2004

Actinomyces canaliculitis: diagnosis of a masquerading disease.

BACKGROUND: To review the diagnosis and management of seven cases of Actinomyces canaliculitis. METHODS: Culture of discharge was performed in six of seven patients with Actinomyces canaliculitis using a PD Plus/F blood culture bottle. All patients were treated by canaliculotomy with curettage of dacryoliths, followed by treatment with systemic penicillin and Sulphacetamide drops over a period of 3-6 months. Part of the curetted concretions was fixed on a glass slide and part was sent to the laboratory for culture. RESULTS: Four patients were women and three men with age ranging between 43 and 90 years. The average time lapse between onset of symptoms until diagnosis was 3 years. All cases presented with epiphora, chronic conjunctivitis, palpably thickened canaliculus, and yellow punctal discharge. Diagnosis was achieved by culture of discharge in three of six cases, culture of concretions in three of five cases, and staining of dacryoliths in all seven cases. Follow-up ranged between 12 and 48 months. The canaliculitis resolved completely and all patients have patent canalicula. CONCLUSIONS: Actinomyces canaliculitis presents with epiphora, chronic purulent conjunctivitis, a palpably thickened canaliculus, and yellow punctual discharge. In suspect cases canuliculotomy and curettage should be performed, although canalicular reconstruction is generally unnecessary. Culture of discharge and concretions using PD Plus/F blood culture medium gave improved results over accepted norms. Fixation of smeared concretions on a slide in alcohol is simple and is diagnostic of the disease. We recommend long-term systemic penicillin treatment in Actinomyces canaliculitis.

Actinomycosis↗

PubMed2005

Enzymatic/biochemical analysis of Actinomyces with commercial test kits with an emphasis on newly described species.

In clinical microbiology laboratories, the identification of Actinomyces-like bacteria can be very laborious and problematic. In the present study, we focused on reactivity patterns of 4 commercial test kits, RapID ANA II, RapID 32A, RapID CB Plus, and BBL Crystal ANR ID, that could be used for rapid preliminary identification of Actinomyces isolates belonging to newly described Actinomyces and closely related species. Out of the 54 strains tested, 25 strains (46%) were correctly identified to the genus/group level by BBL Crystal ANR ID system, 16 strains (30%) by RapID 32 A, 11 strains (20%) by RapID CB Plus, and 7 strains (13%) by RapID ANA II. The main problems with these kits were due to occasional weak enzymatic and sugar fermentation reactions. In conclusion, chromogenic substrate sensitivity and specificity need to be enhanced in order to improve the reliability of the test results of these kits, and the present database updated in order to more precisely identify newly described Actinomyces and closely related species.

Journal Article↗

PubMed1979

Pelvic colonization with Actinomyces in women using intrauterine contraceptive devices.

Recent reports suggest a relationship between intrauterine contraceptive device (IUD) use and colonization or infection of the genital tract with Actinomyces species. This prospective, case-controlled study was designed to determine the incidence of colonization or infection with Actinomyces in IUD users. None of 50 control patients and four of 50 study patients (8%) had Actinomyces identified. None of the patients with positive results had symptomatic pelvic infection. Cervical cytology was effective in detecting each of the four study patients with positive results. It appears that the presence of any type of IUD is a major predisposing factor to colonization with Actinomyces.

Actinomycosis↗

PubMed2000

Splenic abscesses caused by Actinomyces meyeri in a patient with autoimmune hepatitis.

We report a case of actinomycosis with uncommon localizations that was due to Actinomyces meyeri. Although penicillin is the standard treatment for this condition, our patient was treated successfully with imipenem. Actinomyces organisms are important constituents of the normal flora of mucous membranes and are considered opportunistic pathogens; these organisms may produce infection after local trauma, surgery, or aspiration. The mains forms of actinomycosis are cervicofacial, thoracic, and abdominal; most cases are due to Actinomyces israelii, whereas other Actinomyces species are occasionally implicated. Actinomycosis usually occurs in immunocompetent persons, but may occur in persons with diminished host defenses.

Abdominal Abscess↗

PubMed1993

Comparison of the distribution of Actinomyces in dental plaque on inserted enamel and natural tooth surfaces in periodontal health and disease.

The distribution of Actinomyces naeslundii, Actinomyces viscosus and Actinomyces odontolyticus in healthy and diseased adult populations was studied in 3 different ways. First, supragingival plaque formation at 2 through 72 h was examined in 12 periodontally healthy adults using a removable pre-measured surface of enamel bonded to molars and premolars. Second, a cross-sectional examination of the composition of both supragingival and subgingival plaque of unknown age was conducted in 205 adults exhibiting periodontal health to moderate disease. Third, the effects of oral hygiene instruction and root planing on the subgingival microflora of a subset of 19 subjects with moderate periodontitis were examined. The evaluation of 12 adults revealed that the predominant species in early plaque formation (2, 4 and 8 h) was A. odontolyticus. A. viscosus and A. naeslundii were present in developing plaques in almost all subjects in 2-h plaque, but absent in half the subjects when 4-, 8- or 24-h plaque was examined. These two species significantly increased in numbers per mm2 enamel surface area in 48- and 72-h plaques. A. odontolyticus was not related to clinical signs of periodontal disease in 205 adults, and its subgingival proportions in plaque did not change following periodontal treatment of 19 individuals. A. naeslundii was found in significantly higher numbers in supragingival than subgingival plaques in the 205 adults examined. The mean proportion of A. naeslundii significantly decreased as the magnitude of probing depth and attachment loss increased. The proportions of A. naeslundii and A. viscosus were found to be significantly increased in subgingival plaques following periodontal treatment.

Actinomyces↗

PubMed1963

ANTIGENIC STRUCTURE OF ACTINOMYCETALES. VI. SEROLOGICAL RELATIONSHIPS BETWEEN ANTIGENIC FRACTIONS OF ACTINOMYCES AND NOCARDIA.

Kwapinski, J. B. (University of New England, Armidale, N.S.W., Australia). Antigenic structure of Actinomycetales. VI. Serological relationships between antigenic fractions of Actinomyces and Nocardia. J. Bacteriol. 86:179-186. 1963.-A total of 52 chemical fractions were obtained by a comprehensive technique of preparation from three strains of Actinomyces and three strains of Nocardia. The chemical and serological structures and specificities of disintegrated cells, cell walls, cytoplasms, and individual fractions were thoroughly studied. Cytoplasmic materials were found to be serologically alike or identical. The polysaccharide fractions, extracted from cell walls with alkali, formamide, and phenol, proved to be serologically related. Fractions prepared from the Nocardia by extractions in hot and concentrated solutions of acetic acid and sodium hydroxide, as well as the second protein fraction and the acetate-extracted polysaccharides of both the Nocardia and Actinomyces, proved to be genus-specific.

Actinomyces↗

PubMed1963

ELECTRON MICROSCOPY OF CYTOPLASMIC STRUCTURES IN FACULTATIVE AND ANAEROBIC ACTINOMYCES.

Overman, John R. (Duke University Medical Center, Durham, N.C.) and Leo Pine. Electron microscopy of cytoplasmic structures in facultative and anaerobic Actinomyces. J. Bacteriol. 86:656-665. 1963.-Electron microscopy of cytoplasmic complexes and the cytoplasmic fine structure of Actinomyces bovis, A. israelii, A. naeslundii, and A. propionicus demonstrated marked differences among these four species. Also included in the present study was Lactobacillus bifidus, an organism closely related to the Actinomyces species. A relatively small and compact cytoplasmic membrane complex of A. propionicus was unique in its morphology. Membrane structures of A. naeslundii and A. israelii were relatively large and consisted of coils of various sizes of the cytoplasmic membrane. No membrane complexes were found in L. bifidus or A. bovis. Measurements of cell-wall thickness indicated a significant difference between A. bovis and A. israelii. On the basis of general morphology, cell-wall thickness, and cytoplasmic membrane complexes, A. bovis and A. israelii appear to be distinct species. The relation of the fine structure complexity to phylogenetic position of these organisms is considered.

Actinomyces↗

PubMed1993

Adhesion of actinomyces isolates to experimental pellicles.

The ability of oral bacteria to adhere to surfaces is associated with their pathogenicity. Actinomyces can adhere to pellicle and cells through extracellular fimbriae. Research on adhesion of actinomyces has been conducted with use of hydroxyapatite (HA) coated with mammalian-derived salivary constituents, whereas the bacterial-derived components of the acquired pellicle have been largely ignored. The influence of the cell-free bacterial enzyme, glucosyltransferase (GTF), on adhesion of human and rodent isolates of Actinomyces viscosus was examined. Cell-free GTF was adsorbed onto parotid saliva-coated hydroxyapatite (sHA). Next, A. viscosus was exposed to the pellicle following the synthesis of glucan formed in situ by GTF. Glucans formed on the pellicle served as binding sites for adhesion of a rodent strain of A. viscosus. Conversely, the presence of in situ glucans on sHA reduced the adhesion of human isolates of A. viscosus compared with their adhesion to sHA. Adhesion of the rodent strains may be facilitated through a dextran-binding protein, since the rodent strains aggregated in the presence of dextrans and mutan. The human isolates were not aggregated by dextran or mutan. Pellicle harboring A. viscosus rodent strains interfered with the subsequent adhesion of Streptococcus mutans to the bacterial-coated pellicle. In contrast, the adhesion of S. mutans to pellicle was not decreased when the pellicle was pre-exposed to a human isolate of A. viscosus. The experimental data suggest that human and the rodent isolates of A. viscosus have distinct glucan adhesion properties.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Actinomyces↗

PubMed1996

Intrauterine contraceptive device-associated actinomycotic abscess and Actinomyces detection on cervical smear.

OBJECTIVE: To summarize clinical features and treatments in reported cases of actinomycotic pelvic abscess occurring in women using intrauterine contraceptive devices (IUD), and to review detection of Actinomyces by cervical smear. DATA SOURCES: The English-language medical literature accessed through MEDLINE. METHODS OF STUDY SELECTION: We identified 92 cases of actinomycotic abscesses associated with IUD use in 63 case reports. In addition, 31 studies of Actinomyces detection were found, 16 of which were studies of Papanicolaou smear-based detection. DATA ABSTRACTION AND SYNTHESIS: Data regarding clinical presentation and treatment were culled from case reports, whereas detection rates of Papanicolaou smear and other methods were obtained from studies of Actinomyces detection. The average patient was 37 years old, had been using an IUD for 8 years, and presented with abdominal pain, weight loss, vaginal discharge, and fever. Laboratory studies commonly revealed anemia, leukocytosis, and an elevated erythrocyte sedimentation rate. Most of these patients underwent operative procedures, usually hysterectomy and salpingoophorectomy. High-dose penicillin was found to be an effective antibiotic. Detection rates of organisms on Papanicolaou smear were somewhat variable; use of other detection methods, including endometrial biopsy, culture, and immunofluorescence, did not improve this variability. CONCLUSIONS: Pelvic actinomycosis associated with the use of IUDs can mimic pelvic malignancy; for that reason, it is often treated surgically. However, if the diagnosis of actinomycosis can be obtained preoperatively, antibiotic treatment may lead to complete resolution. The Papanicolaou smear may be useful in evaluating such patients.

Abscess↗

PubMed2002

Acute postoperative endophthalmitis caused by Actinomyces neuii.

PURPOSE: To describe a case of acute postoperative endophthalmitis caused by Actinomyces neuii after uncomplicated phacoemulsification with posterior chamber intraocular lens implant. METHODS: Interventional case report. A 58-year-old male underwent phacoemulsification, right eye, with posterior chamber intraocular lens implant. On postoperative day 6, he presented with pain, redness, and decreased visual acuity, right eye, and was found to have endophthalmitis. RESULTS: Vitreous cultures revealed the gram-positive, anaerobe Actinomyces neuii. After appropriate intraocular, periocular, topical, and systemic therapy, the infection cleared, but the vision of the patient never improved as a result of a central vein occlusion. CONCLUSION: Actinomyces species can rarely cause postoperative endophthalmitis, and it should be considered in cases of severe postoperative intraocular inflammation.

Actinomyces↗

PubMed1998

Differentiation of oral Actinomyces species by 16S ribosomal DNA polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism.

16S rDNA polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) was used to generate restriction profiles of the reference strains, including the American Type Culture Collection type strains, of oral Actinomyces spp., i.e., A. israelii, A. gerencseriae, A. naeslundii genospecies 1 and 2, A. odontolyticus, A. meyeri and A. georgiae, and 23 Actinomyces strains isolated from human dental plaque. The 16S rRNA gene sequences from isolated genomic DNA samples were amplified by PCR. The PCR products were purified and characterized by single digestion with four restriction endonucleases, i.e., MnlI, HaeIII, CfoI, or HpaII. Among them, MnlI was found to discriminate the respective reference strains. The clinical isolates were assigned to one of the species, i.e., A. gerencseriae, A. naeslundii genospecies 1 and 2 and A. odontolyticus, on the basis of their restriction profiles by single digestion with MnlI. Thus, 16S rDNA PCR-RFLP, using MnlI, is a rapid and reliable method for the differentiation of oral Actinomyces spp.

Actinomyces↗

PubMed2003

Actinomyces hyovaginalis associated with disseminated necrotic lung lesions in slaughter pigs.

Lungs from 26 slaughter pigs with a diagnosis of pyaemic lung lesions (disseminated necrotic lesions and abscesses), as determined at post-mortem meat inspection, were subjected to a thorough examination, including re-evaluation of gross pathology and histopathological and microbiological examination of samples from multiple lesions. The pulmonary lesions, which appeared identical on gross inspection, could be divided into three histopathological types, namely (1) abscesses, (2) circumscribed (contained) necrotic lesions, and (3) bronchiolar ectasias. Some characteristic relations between bacterial species and histopathological type were demonstrated. Thus, abscesses were dominated by Staphylococcus aureus infections, and circumscribed (contained) necrotic lesions were dominated by infections with an Actinomyces species, identified as Actinomyces hyovaginalis by 16S rRNA gene sequencing. Actinomyces hyovaginalis was demonstrated in 23% of all cases, pointing to this organism as an important agent of disseminated lung lesions of pigs. Furthermore, a characteristic pyogranulomatous reaction with a central area of necrosis was found to be associated with this infection.

Abattoirs↗

PubMed1984

Immunoelectron microscopic study of Actinomyces colony in odontogenic periapical infection.

A periapical Actinomyces colony was studied by immunoelectron microscopy with a specific antiserum against Actinomyces israelii. Positive as well as some negative micro-organisms were seen within the colony. Reacting antigens were localized in the cytoplasm and the cell wall of the bacteria, which suggests that more than one antigen is involved in the reactions with the present antiserum. The ultrastructural results confirmed the applicability of the peroxidase method with Actinomyces antiserum in paraffin sections for diagnostic purposes.

Actinomyces↗