Search PubMed⌕ Search

SEARCH · Search PubMed

Results for “ACANTHOSIS”

Search indexed PubMed citations on genomics, clinical trials, systematic reviews and public health. Explore titles, authors and supplied subject terms, then open the PubMed record.

Quote a phrase for an exact phrase match. Source license links do not imply unrestricted reuse.

At least 199 records · Page 11Linked to original sources
PubMed2005

[Generalized hyperpigmentation and malignant acanthosis nigricans. A case of a patient with hereditary hemochromatosis and gastric cancer].

A 56-year-old previously healthy man developed hyperpigmentation of the entire skin over the previous 6 months without any other signs of further impairment. Additionally, we found accentuated skin lines of the neck and intertriginous sites as well as cutaneous papillomatosis. Histological examinations, laboratory tests and technical diagnostics revealed the existence of both hereditary hemochromatosis and adenocarcinoma of the stomach. Simultaneous manifestation of hyperpigmentation as a result of hemochromatosis as well as malignant acanthosis nigricans as a paraneoplastic symptom in gastric cancer is very rare.

Acanthosis Nigricans↗
PubMed1998

[Acanthosis nigricans maligna. Case report and review of the literature].

More than 400 cases of acanthosis nigricans maligna (ANM) and 23 cases of "florid cutaneous papillomatosis" (FCP) were published. ANM is an obligatory paraneoplastic symptom. A 28-year old female patient with an adenocarcinoma of the stomach presented with ANM. We review the number and types of associated cancer with ANM. In most cases and adenocarcinoma of the gastrointestinal tract has been present. We feel that FCP is not an entity of its own but a variant of ANM; the literature supports this view.

Acanthosis Nigricans↗
PubMed2000

Genetic basis of acanthosis nigricans in Mexican Americans and its association with phenotypes related to type 2 diabetes.

Acanthosis nigricans (AN) is a skin condition associated with hyperinsulinemia and insulin resistance and has been shown to be a risk factor for type 2 diabetes. The influence of genetic factors on AN and the basis of its association with type 2 diabetes and its risk factors are unknown. Using data from 397 participants from two Mexican American family studies, we investigated the heritability of AN and its genetic correlation with other diabetes risk factors. AN was examined as both a continuous trait and a dichotomous trait by means of a previously described validated scale. The results indicated that the heritability (h2) for AN, when examined as a continuous trait, was high (0.58+/-0.10) and statistically significant (P<0.001). The h2 for AN as a dichotomous trait was estimated to be moderate (0.23+/-0.05) and was also significant (P=0.018). The additive genetic correlations between AN (either as a continuous trait or a dichotomous trait) and type 2 diabetes and its risk factors, including body mass index and fasting insulin, were high or moderately high and statistically significant. The random environmental correlations, by contrast, were low and statistically insignificant. These data suggest that genes that influence AN have pleiotropic effects on diabetes and its risk factors.

Acanthosis Nigricans↗
PubMed1990

Insulin resistance and acanthosis nigricans: evidence for a postbinding defect in vivo.

Acanthosis nigricans (AN) with insulin resistance has been traditionally attributed to insulin receptor abnormalities. To further clarify the postbinding defects of in vivo insulin action in this state, we applied the euglycemic insulin clamp technique, combined with the glucose trace infusion method, to 26 subjects: 12 AN patients (eight normoglycemic and four hyperglycemic), eight obese, and eight lean control subjects. The normoglycemic AN group exhibited fasting hyperinsulinemia (666% of control), 160% elevated hepatic glucose production (HGP), 425% increased posthepatic insulin delivery rate, and only slightly reduced (19%) insulin clearance rates, compared with controls. Except for the latter, all these abnormalities were statistically significant (P less than .05), and could not be accounted for by body overweight. AN patients with diabetes mellitus (AN + DM) exhibited a further decreased insulin responsiveness (30%) and clearance (38%), together with a major increase in HGP (320%). All AN patients showed a significant right-shift in the insulin dose-response curve, indicating a decrease in insulin sensitivity. In conclusion, AN is characterized by increased basal rates of HGP, and peripheral insulin resistance, which can be partially attributed to postbinding defects. In AN + DM, a worsening of these abnormalities may be responsible for unmasking the existence of diabetes.

Acanthosis Nigricans↗
PubMed1987

Acanthosis nigricans.

Acanthosis nigricans (AN) is a well-defined skin disorder characterized by velvety hyperkeratotic macules that can be accompanied by various degrees of pigmentation. Other manifestations of AN are marked papillomatous growths and deep skin markings. These changes can affect the entire skin but preferentially are observed in the axilla, neck, genitals, and oral cavity. The presence of AN around and within the oral cavity as well as its well-known association with internal malignant conditions, especially adenocarcinoma of the stomach, and/or its association with insulin resistance, has prompted this review article, which emphasizes the oral manifestations of AN.

Acanthosis Nigricans↗
PubMed1987

Prolonged suppression of hirsutism with combination therapy in an adolescent with insulin resistance and acanthosis nigricans.

Spironolactone and oral contraceptives have been used separately with some success in the treatment of hirsutism. Hirsutism associated with the Kahn type-A syndrome of insulin resistance, acanthosis nigricans, and polycystic ovaries may be severe and refractory to conventional treatment. In view of their different sites and mechanisms of action, spironolactone and an oral contraceptive were used in combination to treat severe hirsutism in a 13-year-old girl with features of this syndrome. The two therapeutic agents, apparently acting together, resulted in a marked reduction in facial hair and serum androgen concentrations, which persisted during 18 months of treatment. Testosterone and androstenedione levels fell from 100 ng/dl and 628 ng/dl, respectively, to 47 ng/dl and 230 ng/dl by six months and to 35 ng/dl and 156 ng/dl by 18 months. This result suggests that combination therapy may be an effective treatment for severe hirsutism.

Acanthosis Nigricans↗
PubMed2006

Influence of skin color on the diagnostic utility of clinical acanthosis nigricans to predict insulin resistance in obese patients.

BACKGROUND: Skin color may influence the presence of acanthosis nigricans (AN) as predictor of insulin resistance (IR). The objective of this study was to determine how skin color influences the diagnostic utility of AN as a marker of IR. METHODS: We designed a cross-sectional study. Subjects were classified according to their skin color (phototypes I-VI of Fitzpatrick), presence, and severity of AN (Burke quantitative scale). Blood samples were taken for measurement of glucose and insulin to calculate the Matsuda insulin sensitivity index (ISI). RESULTS: Sixty two obese subjects with BMI of 39.6 +/- 8 were included. Males were more prone to AN (9/12, 75% vs. 24/50, 48%, p <0.085) than females. The neck was the most frequent affected body region (53/62, 85.5%), followed by the elbows (15/62, 24.2%), knuckles (6/62, 9.7%), and knees (4/62, 6.5%). No concordance was found among them. AN was more frequent in those with skin phototype IV (18/23, 78.3%, p = 0.001) than those with phototype III (12/23, 52.2%) and phototype II (3/16, 18.8%). The utility of AN on the neck to predict ISI <3.5 (surrogate of insulin resistance) was sensitivity, 66.7 (95% CI 40.9-79.5); specificity, 82.5 (95% CI 56-95); positive predictive value, 91%; negative predictive value, 48% (p <0.001 for all values). CONCLUSIONS: People with skin phototype IV have a high frequency of AN on the neck, compared with those with phototypes II and III. Those with AN and skin phototype II showed high specificity and positive predictive values for insulin resistance. Thus, AN is a good marker for IR only in lower phototypes.

Acanthosis Nigricans↗
PubMed2006

The acanthosis nigricans form of epidermal nevus.

We observed 4 individuals with the acanthosis nigricans (AN) form of epidermal nevus, with clinical and histopathologic features of AN oriented along Blaschko's lines. Three patients had stable lesions since childhood. One patient concurrently had typical bilateral AN lesions. This condition may represent a mosaic form of AN.

Acanthosis Nigricans↗
PubMed2006

Adipose tissue, hepatic, and skeletal muscle insulin sensitivity in extremely obese subjects with acanthosis nigricans.

We evaluated insulin action in skeletal muscle (glucose disposal), liver (glucose production), and adipose tissue (lipolysis) in 5 extremely obese women with acanthosis nigricans (AN), who had normal oral glucose tolerance, and 5 healthy lean subjects, by using a 5-stage pancreatic clamp and stable isotopically labeled tracer infusion. Basal plasma insulin concentration was much greater in obese subjects with AN than lean subjects (54.8 +/- 4.5 vs 8.0 +/- 1.3 microU/mL, P < .001), but basal glucose and free fatty acid concentrations were similar in both groups. During stage 1 of the clamp, glucose rate of appearance (R(a)) (2.6 +/- 0.3 vs 3.7 +/- 0.3 micromol x kg FFM(-1) x min(-1), P = .02) and palmitate R(a) (2.4 +/- 0.6 vs 7.0 +/- 1.5 micromol x kg FFM(-1) x min(-1), P < .05) were greater in obese subjects with AN than lean subjects despite slightly greater plasma insulin concentration in subjects with AN (3.0 +/- 0.7 vs 1.1 +/- 0.4 microU/mL, P < .05). The area under the curve for palmitate R(a) (1867 +/- 501 vs 663 +/- 75 micromol x kg FFM(-1) x 600 min(-1), P = .03) and glucose R(a) (1920 +/- 374 vs 1032 +/- 88 micromol x kg FFM(-1) x 600 min(-1), P = .02) during the entire clamp procedure was greater in subjects with AN than lean subjects. During intermediate insulin conditions (plasma insulin, approximately 35 microU/mL), palmitate R(a) was 5-fold greater in subjects with AN than in lean subjects (2.6 +/- 1.1 vs 0.5 +/- 0.2 micromol x kg FFM(-1) x min(-1), P = .05). Maximal glucose disposal was markedly lower in obese subjects with AN than in lean subjects (13.0 +/- 0.8 vs 23.4 +/- 1.8 mg x kg FFM(-1) x min(-1), P = .01) despite greater peak plasma insulin concentration (1842 +/- 254 vs 598 +/- 38 microU/mL, P < .05). These data demonstrate obese young adults with AN have marked insulin resistance in multiple tissues. However, marked insulin hypersecretion can compensate for impaired insulin action, resulting in normal glucose and fatty acid metabolism during basal conditions.

Acanthosis Nigricans↗
PubMed1993

Eyelid involvement in acanthosis nigricans.

We treated a 56-year-old man who had acanthosis nigricans associated with gastric adenocarcinoma and involving the axillae, hands, feet, anus, soft palate, and eyes. The patient developed epiphora from occlusion of the canaliculi with papillomatous lesions. Recognition of the ocular signs of this paraneoplastic syndrome may indicate to the ophthalmologist that the patient should have a thorough oncologic examination.

Acanthosis Nigricans↗
PubMed1999

Pregnancy after treatment with the insulin-sensitizing agent troglitazone in an obese woman with the hyperandrogenic, insulin-resistant acanthosis nigricans syndrome.

OBJECTIVE: To report a case of unassisted pregnancy after 5 months of troglitazone treatment in a severely hyperandrogenic, insulin-resistant woman with acanthosis nigricans (HAIR-AN) previously managed with depot leuprolide acetate (LA) plus oral contraceptive and dexamethasone therapy. DESIGN: Case report. SETTING: Private infertility clinic. PATIENT(S): A 28-year-old African-American woman with excessive obesity (body mass index = 42 kg/m2) and HAIR-AN syndrome. INTERVENTION(S): Androgen suppression with depot LA plus oral contraceptive and dexamethasone therapy, troglitazone treatment resulting in normalization of fasting insulin and testosterone, spontaneous menses, and an unassisted pregnancy. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE(S): Luteinizing hormone and testosterone concentrations, fasting insulin and glucose levels, insulin-glucose ratios, hCG levels, and ultrasound examinations. RESULT(S): Spontaneous menses followed by an intrauterine pregnancy after 5 months of treatment with troglitazone, an insulin-sensitizing agent, in a woman with severe HAIR-AN syndrome whose hyperandrogenism previously could be normalized only with depot LA plus oral contraceptive therapy and dexamethasone. CONCLUSION(S): Troglitazone treatment resulted in attenuation of both hyperinsulinemia and hyperandrogenism in an obese woman with HAIR-AN and resulted in resumption of menses and a spontaneous pregnancy.

Acanthosis Nigricans↗
PubMed2000

Association of Acanthosis nigricans with risk of diabetes mellitus and hormonal disturbances in females.

OBJECTIVE: To determine the association of Acanthosis nigricans, hyperinsulinemia, and hormonal levels in female subjects from the United Arab Emirates (UAE). DESIGN: Prospective study. SETTING: Tawam Teaching Hospital of Faculty of Medicine & Health Sciences. SUBJECTS: Ninety-two females (age range 16-65 years) were recruited. METHODS: Height, weight, and sitting blood pressure were recorded on 92 female subjects with A. nigricans. Fasting blood samples were obtained for measurement of uric acid, glucose, cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein- (HDL) cholesterol, and triglyceride levels. Serum levels of thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH), testosterone, luteinizing hormone (LH), follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) and prolactin are obtained by radio-immunoassay. RESULTS: Ninety-two females with A. nigricans were enrolled in the study. Of the 92 females, 36 subjects were considered to have diabetes mellitus (DM) and 56 euglycemic subjects. The analysis showed that in cases of family history of DM, HDL-cholesterol (mmol/l) and uric acid (mmol/l) levels were higher. Overall, DM subjects had significantly higher values for hormone levels of TSH, FSH, LH, progesterone, testosterone, cortisol, prolactin, (growth hormone) GH, and ferritin. CONCLUSION: Patients with A. nigricans have a high prevalence of DM and insulin resistance in UAE. Since A. nigricans is rather prevalent in the UAE, identifying this skin lesion can help detect those subjects with a higher risk of DM and hormonal disturbances.

Acanthosis Nigricans↗
PubMed1992

Paraneoplastic pemphigus, cicatricial conjunctivitis, and acanthosis nigricans with pachydermatoglyphy in a patient with bronchogenic squamous cell carcinoma.

A 77-year-old man with chronic conjunctivitis, acanthosis nigricans with pachydermatoglyphy, and pemphigus-like mucocutaneous lesions was found to have a well-differentiated bronchogenic squamous cell carcinoma. Histopathologic and immunofluorescence studies confirmed the diagnosis of paraneoplastic pemphigus. Skin lesions resolved with oral prednisone and azathioprine therapy, but the conjunctivitis and mucous membrane erosions persisted. The conjunctiva later became scarred with foreshortening of the fornices and development of symblepharon. External beam irradiation arrested the growth of the tumor but did not have any effect on the diseased conjunctiva and other mucous membranes. This case demonstrates that cicatrizing conjunctivitis with bullous mucocutaneous lesions may be a clinical sign associated with an occult neoplasm.

Acanthosis Nigricans↗
PubMed2000

Coexistence of acanthosis nigricans and the sign of Leser-Trélat in a patient with gastric adenocarcinoma: a case report and literature review.

The association of acanthosis nigricans (AN) with the sign of Leser-Trélat (LT) and gastric carcinoma is rare. Our patient was a 69-year-old man, who presented with hematemesis; a stage-IV poorly differentiated, diffuse-type, adenocarcinoma of the gastric antrum was diagnosed. The AN was striking, with florid cutaneous papillomatosis that also involved the mucous membranes of the mouth and eyelids, and keratoderma. AN and the sign of LT predated tumor detection by 6 months and regressed after chemotherapy in parallel with reduction of the tumor load, demonstrating the dermatoses as paraneoplastic phenomena. The patient died 7 months after completion of chemotherapy. The coexistence of AN and the sign of LT should prompt a search for underlying malignancy. The pathogenesis of both dermatoses is discussed.

Acanthosis Nigricans↗
PubMed1983

Acanthosis nigricans in adolescents. Two case reports and guidelines for management.

Acanthosis nigricans (AN) is a dermatologic condition of the flexor surfaces of the body consisting of papular hypertrophy, hyperpigmentation, and rugae. AN is commonly associated with malignancy when in adults but is primarily associated with endocrinologic disorders and obesity when found in adolescents. A special search for occult malignancy is not warranted in adolescents with AN unless no associated benign condition is found. Careful follow-up is recommended, however, since AN may be the first indication of a serious systemic disease.

Acanthosis Nigricans↗
PubMed1989

Epidermal nevus syndrome with hemimegalencephaly: a clinical report of a case with acanthosis nigricans-like nevi on the face and neck, hemimegalencephaly, and hemihypertrophy of the body.

A 5-year-old boy with the epidermal nevus syndrome and hemimegalencephaly is reported. He had pigmented nevi on the forehead and neck, and hemihypertrophy of the body from the birth. He developed intractable seizures, mental retardation, and right hemiparesis. His seizure pattern changed from early infantile epileptic encephalopathy to infantile spasms at 2 months of age. Electroencephalograms showed a suppression-burst pattern in the neonatal period, subsequently changing to hypsarrhythmia. Computerized tomography of the brain disclosed slight dilatation of the posterior horn of the lateral ventricle at the age of 2 months. Later, hemimegalencephaly with calcification on the left side of the brain was noted. Histological examination of the pigmented nevus on the neck showed it to be an acanthosis nigricans-like lesion. Clinical differences between tuberous sclerosis and epidermal nevus syndrome with hemimegalencephaly are discussed.

Abnormalities, Multiple↗
PubMed1995

Fibroblast growth factor receptor 3 (FGFR3) transmembrane mutation in Crouzon syndrome with acanthosis nigricans.

Crouzon syndrome, an autosomal dominant condition characterized by craniosynostosis, ocular proptosis and midface hypoplasia, is associated with mutations in fibroblast growth factor receptor 2 (FGFR2) (refs 1-3). For example, we have identified 10 different mutations in the FGFR2 extracellular immunoglobulin III (IgIII) domain in 50% (16/32) of our Crouzon syndrome patients. All mutations described so far for other craniosynostotic syndromes with associated limb anomalies--Jackson-Weiss, Pfeiffer, and Apert--also occur in the extracellular domain of FGFR2, as well as FGFR1 for Pfeiffer syndrome. In contrast, only FGFR3 mutations have been reported in dwarfing conditions--achondroplasia, thanatophoric dysplasia, and hypochondroplasia. For achondroplasia, greater than 99% of mutations occur in the FGFR3 transmembrane domain. We now report the unexpected observation of a FGFR3 transmembrane domain mutation, Ala391Glu, in three unrelated families with Crouzon syndrome and acanthosis nigricans, a specific skin disorder of hyperkeratosis and hyperpigmentation. The association of non-dwarfing and even non-skeletal conditions with FGFR3 mutations reveals the potential for a wide range of FGFR pleiotropic effects as well as locus heterogeneity in Crouzon syndrome. Our study underscores the biologic complexity of the FGFR gene family.

Acanthosis Nigricans↗