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Results for “Social Behavior Disorders”

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PubMed1991

Cognitive and social cognitive development of depressed children and adolescents.

Depressed juveniles show evidence of functional impairment in various cognitive and social domains. Actual school performance seems to be more consistently affected by depression than cognitive and intellectual abilities. In addition, depressed youth appear to be less socially adept than nondepressed peers, although depression does not consistently impair social-cognitive abilities. Indications that depressed youth show mild declines in tested verbal performance over time and that residual problems in social functioning persist after symptomatic recovery suggest that major depression may have negative effects on development in childhood.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1996

Origins of comorbidity between conduct and affective disorders.

OBJECTIVE: This analysis used methods of structural equation modeling to assess the extent to which comorbidity between conduct and affective disorders could be explained by (1) common or correlated causal factors that influenced both outcomes or (2) reciprocal causation between these conditions. METHOD: Data were obtained during the course of a 16-year longitudinal study of a birth cohort of New Zealand children. The data analyzed comprised measures of conduct and affective disorders at ages 15 and 16 years and data on a series of antecedent childhood factors. RESULTS: Structural equation modeling suggested that a substantial component of the comorbidity between conduct and affective disorders arose because the risk factors associated with the development of conduct disorders in teenagers overlapped and were correlated with the risk factors for adolescent affective disorders; of the shared variance between conduct disorder and affective disorders, more than two thirds was explained by common risk factors. These conclusions were replicated using diagnostically scored measures and methods of categorical data analysis. Model extensions suggested an absence of direct causal pathways between conduct and affective disorders. CONCLUSIONS: A substantial amount of the correlation and comorbidity between conduct and affective disorders arises because the risk factors and life pathways that predispose adolescents to one outcome are also associated with the risk factors and life pathways that predispose adolescents to the other outcome. Nonetheless, even after control for common causal factors, there was evidence of some unexplained comorbidity between conduct and affective disorders.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2005

Health-related quality of life and psychosocial functioning of adolescents with inflammatory bowel disease.

BACKGROUND: This study aimed to study how inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) affects health-related quality of life (HRQoL) during adolescence and to examine how self-esteem influences HRQoL. METHODS: We compared self-esteem, anxiety, and parental reports on behavioral problems in a group of IBD patients to a healthy norm group. Forty children and 38 parents filled out questionnaires separately. Trait anxiety, self-perception, and the data on the Child Behavior Checklist were taken to compare the IBD population with healthy norms, using Student's t tests and 1-sample t tests. Effect sizes were calculated to show the clinical relevance of the differences. Multiple regression analyses were performed to assess the association between disease-related variables and self-perception with HRQoL, anxiety, and problem behavior. RESULTS: The results of this study show that adolescents with IBD, especially boys, have a significantly worse HRQoL and show more internalizing problem behavior compared with healthy peers. An important predictor of HRQoL is self-esteem. CONCLUSIONS: In conclusion, adolescents with IBD are at risk for experiencing problems with their illness. Because self-esteem is an important predictor of HRQoL, it should be taken into account in future interventions for these children.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1997

An investigation into the psychobiology of social phobia: personality domains and serotonergic function.

The aim of the present study was to explore a psychobiological perspective in the aetiology of social phobia. The emphasis was on serotonergic function and personality. A total of 20 social phobics according to ICD-10 DCR criteria were assessed with the Schedule for Clinical Assessment in Neuropsychiatry and the International Personality Disorder Examination. They were compared with an age-matched normal population with regard to scores on the Fear of Negative Evaluation Scale, the Social Avoidance and Distress Scale, the Temperament and Character Inventory, and platelet 5HT2 receptor function. Other Axis-I disorders and cluster C personality disorders were frequently encountered. The social phobia group was characterized by high levels of harm avoidance, and low levels of novelty seeking, co-operativeness and self-directedness. Platelet 5HT2 receptor density did not differentiate between the groups, but was associated with severity of social phobia. An integrated psychobiological model is presented.

Adult↗
PubMed1996

Public perceptions of former psychiatric patients in England.

To determine whether casual contact with former psychiatric patients changes public perceptions of and attitudes toward persons with mental illness, 100 residents of urban North London, England, were interviewed before and six months after a residential facility for former patients was opened in their neighborhood. Their responses were compared with those of a control group of residents living elsewhere. The semistructured, door-to-door interviews revealed extremely negative attitudes toward persons with mental illness, largely formed by the media. No differences between the study and control groups were found. The negative attitudes in the study group had not changed at the six-month interview.

Activities of Daily Living↗
PubMed1986

A preliminary outcome study of a community group treatment programme for emotionally disturbed adolescents.

The treatment of adolescents with psychiatric disturbance remains a highly unsuccessful area. Empirical research is limited and treatment decisions are often based on theoretical bias rather than proven results. This study reports on the results of a multivariate analysis of pre- and post-individual and family measures on patients in a community based day and evening programme. The programme utilized a broad range of treatment modalities including group and family therapy and chemotherapy. An accredited educational programme was also provided to the patients attending the day programme. The results of this study showed that adolescents were referred to either the day or evening programme components based on level of acting out behaviour rather than on DSM III diagnosis. Adolescents reported significant positive changes at post testing in all areas, but this improvement was not endorsed by parents. Although therapists perceived considerable improvement in their families after treatment, this improvement did not show up on the family assessment measure chosen. The findings of the study endorse the need for further empirical research in adolescent treatment and underscores the fallacy of relying on anecdotal evidence to report treatment results. Questions are raised as to the operational usefulness of the present DSM III criteria in making treatment decisions and the validity of associating individual dysfunction with family dysfunction. Some question as to the sensitivity of the family measure used was also raised. The study outlined strengths and weaknesses in the present treatment programme and underscored the importance of further evaluative research, if the treatment of adolescents with psychiatric disturbance is to become successful.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1980

Male admissions to the English Special Hospitals--1961-1965: a demographic survey.

The social, criminal and psychiatric backgrounds of 878 male patients admitted for the first time to the three English Special Hospitals during the years 1961-1965 are examined and the implications of differences between them for research discussed. It is noted that only 35 per cent of the admission group have been discharged within a four year period. The need for long term follow-up studies is stressed.

Adult↗
PubMed2001

[Psychopathological aspects of a child with Klinefelter's syndrome].

The description of a 9 year old boy introduces the discussion about psychopathology and Klinefelter syndrome. This child's profile is not typical. He presents several visuo-spatial impairments and important behaviour deviance. We discuss the connections between biological, psychological and environmental variables in the emergence of such a trouble.

Child↗

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