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At least 1,801 records · Page 100Linked to original sources
PubMed1990

Uveal melanoma in relation to ultraviolet light exposure and host factors.

We conducted a case-control interview study among 1277 subjects (407 patients, 870 controls selected by using random digit dial) in 11 western United States to determine whether uveal melanoma and cutaneous melanoma shared common risk factors. After adjustment for other factors, the risk of uveal melanoma was increased for those with green, gray, or hazel eyes [relative risk (RR) = 2.5, P less than 0.001] or blue eyes (RR = 2.2, P less than 0.001) when compared to brown. A tendency to sunburn after 0.5 h midday summer sun exposure increased risk for uveal melanoma (burn with tanning RR = 1.5, P = 0.02; burn with little tanning RR = 1.8, P less than 0.001; burn with no tanning RR = 1.7, P = 0.002); as did exposure to UV or black lights (RR = 3.7, P = 0.003); and welding burn, sunburn of the eye, or snow blindness (RR = 7.2, P less than 0.001). An association with uveal melanoma was also noted with an increasing number of large nevi (P = 0.04 for trend), although the individual risk estimates were not remarkable. These data suggest that host factors and exposure to UV light are risk factors for uveal melanoma.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

[Evaluation of methods of studying hemostasis].

Comparative assessment of the methods for studies of platelet aggregation, used in the USSR and in Hungary, has demonstrated the usefulness and reproducibility of both. The reagents manufactured by Reanal (Hungary) are characterized by a higher sensitivity, inducing a more distinct and rapid formation of aggregates. This fact is of particular importance when no aggregometers are available and the 'snow whirl' is assessed visually. Another advantage of the Hungarian aggregants is the presence of the whole set of reagents in the kit and standardization of these reagents. Assessment of the activated partial thromboplastin time of mixed donor native plasma with the use of the Soviet native partial thromboplastin stored frozen and with the use of the Reanal reagent has demonstrated a high variability of the results; this may be explained by the employment of nonstandard reference plasma. The advantages of the imported lyophilized reagent are a year's shelf life and the possibility of transportation.

Blood Coagulation Tests↗
PubMed1989

[Intermediate uveitis].

Intermediate uveitis defines the group of diseases formerly called pars planitis or chronic cyclitis. Its frequency amounts to 10-20% of all uveitis cases. The anamnesis is vague. The clinical symptoms mainly involve the vitreous. The visual acuity is variable, depending of the involvement of the retina. A slight inflammation of the anterior chamber is possible, but no synechiae are present. The vitreous shows a positive Tyndall and cells, snow balls, eventual plaques on the pars plana. Serious cases are complicated by a retinal vasculitis, which often leads to cystic macular edema and papillary edema. Schisis and retinal holes are more seldom. A complicated cataract can develop. The most valuable complementary tests are fluorescein angiography and electroretinography, useful to detect retinal damage. Aetiological investigations give mostly poor results and are not very useful. Differential diagnosis has to be made, among others, from Fuchs' heterochromic cyclitis and from acute cellular infiltration of the vitreous in case of retinochoroiditis or candida endophthalmitis. Treatment of intermediate uveitis can be only local and discrete when only the vitreous is involved. If the retina is damaged, systemic steroids or immunodepressive cytostatic drugs might be indicated. Despite the duration of the disease, its prognosis remains rather good. Only about 15% of the cases end up with visual impairment to 1/10 or less, while more than half of the cases maintain a visual acuity higher than 0.6, even after three years of disease progress.

Diagnosis, Differential↗
PubMed1989

[Sarcoidosis with ocular involvement].

A 28-year-old Chinese woman having sarcoidosis with ocular involvement was reported. She demonstrated bilateral hilar lymphadenopathy in a chest X-ray which was taken for a cough. Transbronchial lung biopsy revealed noncaseating epithelioid granulomas. Blurred vision occurred 8 months later when conjunctival follicle-like masses, granulomatous keratic precipitates, iridocyclitis, "snow-ball" vitreous opacity, and retinal periphlebitis developed in both eyes. Biopsy of the conjunctival follicle-like masses revealed noncaseating granulomas composed of epithelioid cells and multinuclear giant cells, typical of sarcoidosis. The ocular lesions waned under topical steroid treatment and vision improved. This is the only case with an ocular involvement among the 10 cases of sarcoidosis seen during the past 20 years at the Taipei Veterans General Hospital.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

The larynx of roaring and non-roaring cats.

Dissections were made of the larynges of 14 species of the cat family, with representative specimens from all genera. It was found that the vocal folds of the larynx of genus Panthera (with the exception of the snow leopard) form the basic structure of a sound generator well-designed to produce a high acoustical energy. Combined with an efficient sound radiator (vocal tract) that can be adjusted in length, a Panthera can use its vocal instrument literally to blow its own horn with a 'roar'. Also, it is proposed that laryngeal morphology can be used as an anatomical character in mammalian taxonomy.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Low-temperature regimens for the decontamination of fish of the larvae of Opisthorchis].

It has been established experimentally that the Opisthorchis metacercaria in fish muscles were killed at -28 degrees S in 15-20 h., at -35 degrees C in 8 h. and at -40 degrees C in 2 h. The period of fish freezing becomes much longer when it is stored in snow-covered heaps, which may be the cause of Opisthorchis invasion of wild and domestic carnivorous animals.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[The use of pesticides in disinfecting soil from ascaris eggs].

Low-toxicity pesticides--polycarbazin and prometrin--are suggested for use in decontamination of helminths' invaded soils. Soils in the invasion foci and microfoci should be treated with pesticides dosed at 50 g/5 l of water per 1 m2, in autumn, after the crop, and in early spring after the snow melt, with respect to the periods of maximal accumulation of helminths' ova in soil and preparations' degradation period (about 6 months).

Animals↗
PubMed1989

[Injury patterns on the first icy day of winter--a survey in Copenhagen County].

The injuries on the first icy day of the winter 1986-1987 in Copenhagen County were compared to the injuries on the preceding day. There were 368 and 276 injuries (both days 95 non-surgical) respectively. The significant increment of fractures and emergency hospitalization was mostly due to fractures of the wrist, humerus and femur. Only a few sprains of the ankle were registered. The majority of patients were middle aged and elderly women. The economical and personal consequences are considerable, but impossible to evaluate, as reliable statistics are needed. Intensive snow clearing and recurrent propaganda are recommended.

Accidental Falls↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Carotid body tumor: flow sensitive pulse sequences and MR angiography.

The magnetic resonance (MR) appearance of carotid body tumors has been previously described. Classically, these lesions are well circumscribed and highly vascular and cause a characteristic separation of the external and internal carotid arteries. Hypointense foci within these tumors are seen on T1-weighted images. The T2-weighted images snow a "salt and pepper" pattern. We report a carotid bifurcation glomus tumor that exhibited the above features on conventional MR. Multiplanar gadolinium enhanced MR as well as flow-sensitive MR techniques including small flip angle gradient refocused images and MR angiography were performed. Magnetic resonance angiography demonstrated the abnormal morphology of the carotid bifurcation. Axial gradient refocused images revealed evidence of flow within the lesion. The findings were then correlated with postcontrast CT, arterial digital subtraction angiography, and histopathology.

Carotid Body Tumor↗
PubMed1987

Viral hepatitis and gastroenteritis transmitted by shellfish and water.

The epidemiology and clinical presentation of water-borne viral diseases, including shellfish-associated viral illnesses, are discussed in this article. Hepatitis A virus, Non A-Non B hepatitis and the agents of viral gastroenteritis, Norwalk agent, Snow Mountain agent, rotavirus, the small round viruses, caliciviruses, and astroviruses are included. The technical problems associated with evaluating the viral contamination of water or shellfish are noted.

Disease Outbreaks↗
PubMed1985

Laboratory colonization of Mansonia uniformis, Ma. indiana and Ma. bonneae in Malaysia.

Methods are described for the laboratory colonization of Mansonia uniformis, Ma. indiana and Ma. bonneae in Malaysia. Gravid females oviposited in 500 ml beakers with a layer of water covered with small leaves of Salvinia. Newly hatched larvae were set up in a basal medium of guinea pig dung and water or liver powder, yeast powder and water. Larvae attached to aquatic plants or 'Keaykolour' ruffia snow white paper. The cultures with paper gave better yields than those with plants. Production of Ma. uniformis was higher than the other two species. Twelve generations of Ma. uniformis and 11 generations of Ma. indiana and Ma. bonneae were monitored in the laboratory.

Animals↗
PubMed1986

Laboratory colonization and life cycle of Coquillettidia crassipes in Malaysia.

Methods are described for the laboratory colonization of Coquillettidia crassipes. The highest rate of insemination occurred in 60 x 60 x 120 cm cages and better insemination in laboratory adapted F15 generation. Embryonation and hatchability of eggs ranged from 69.6 to 97.9% and 63.3 to 94.3% respectively. Gravid females laid egg rafts on water in 500 ml breakers with small leaves of Salvinia for resting. Newly hatched larvae were set up in a basal medium of guinea pig dung and water or liver powder, yeast powder and water. Larvae attached to aquatic plants or 'Keaykolour' ruffia snow white paper. The cultures with paper gave better yields. At present 21 generations of Cq. crassipes have been reared in the laboratory.

Animals↗
PubMed1985

Cleft hands: classification and treatment.

"Atypical" cleft hand should be classified under symbrachydactyly because its etiology and clinical and radiologic findings are quite different from those of typical cleft hand. The operative treatment also differs considerably. For severe forms of cleft hand, the procedure described by Snow and Littler is recommended.

Congenital Abnormalities↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Ultrasonics and deep vein thrombosis. Ilio-caval level and the lower extremities].

All the important abdominal veins and limbs vein can be examined. The veins, in cross-section are rounded in repletion, (maximum normal vein caliber has reached when erect) almost flat in a state of vacuous-ness. The lumen normally echofree is limited by a wall thinner and less echogenic than the wall of adjacent artery. The parietal motions are rythmed by breathing. Venous blood flow can become echogenic, with weak echoes, as snow storm within the lumen. These phenomena are often visible in venous confluent and within the lumen below occlusion where there is sludge. In supine position deep abdominal veins, limbs veins until popliteal veins are easily seen. Below the popliteal fossa in prone position the veins are nearly empty and not visible beyond pathological circumstances. Objective studies demonstrated the inaccuracy of clinical diagnosis of deep venous thrombosis, echotomography (coupled with doppler) is among the non-invasive methods the most interesting, permitting to recognize venous occlusion complete or incomplete by clot but also compression by tumour or ganglion. The compression under the probe collapse the normal vein, but if there is clot inside, the compression become incomplete or impossible. The caliber of the vein is dilated also in supine position. The richest of venous clot in red cells in comparison with arterial thrombus make it more and earlier echogenic and more especially as the investigation is performed with high frequency probe. In the same way if the clot is floating its motions are put in evidence. Echotomography make usually difference between clot and neoplastic thrombus which is again more echogenic and also have special location. Echotomography permit to follow evolution ot venous thrombosis under treatment. The wall vein lesions after thrombosis are analysed showing thickening, destruction of the cups, dilatation of some veins while others are still obstructed.

Humans↗
PubMed1988

Sauna bather's circulation.

Cutaneous circulation increases greatly in sauna in order to prevent body heating. Blood pressure tends to fall but this is prevented by increased cardiac output by means of faster heart rate and by decreased blood flow to the visceral organs. Cooling in cold air, shower, water or rolling in snow causes rapid cutaneous vasoconstriction, which leads to elevation of arterial blood pressure and increase of central venous blood volume. The effects of both heat and cold are mediated via the sympathetic nervous system. The circulatory responses to sauna are related to the intensity and duration of the heat exposure. An ordinary sauna bath increases cardiac workload about as much as moderate or vigorous walking. Habituation to sauna decreases the sympathetic stimulation and cardiovascular responses. Sudden cooling, for example diving in cold water, causes a severe transitory volume load and pressure load to the heart and increases the possibility of cardiac arrhythmias. The risk of cardiovascular complications in correctly practiced sauna bathing is very small and it is confined to subjects predisposed to the risk because of manifest or latent cardiovascular abnormalities.

Blood Circulation↗
PubMed1988

The amino acid sequences of chains a, b, and c that form the trimer subunit of the extracellular hemoglobin from Lumbricus terrestris.

The extracellular hemoglobin of Lumbricus terrestris comprises four major heme-containing chains, a, b, c, and d in equal proportions. We have determined the amino acid sequences of chains a, b, and c which form a disulfide-linked trimer. Chains a, b, and c have 151, 145, and 153 residues and calculated molecular weights of 17,525, 16,254, and 17,289, respectively. The sequence of chain b, reported previously (Garlick, R. L., and Riggs, A. F. (1982) J. Biol. Chem. 287, 9005-9015) has been completely redetermined and found to contain 12 fewer residues than originally reported. Chains a and c both contain unusual, highly polar NH2-terminal extensions of 7 residues before the A helix. These segments must be close together because they are joined by a disulfide bond. We suggest that this structure, with seven negatively charged groups, may be part of a functionally important Ca2+-binding site in the trimer. Comparison of the sequences of chains a, b, and c with those of chain d (Shishikura, F., Snow, J. W., Gotoh, T., Vinogradov, S. N., and Walz, D. A. (1987) J. Biol. Chem. 262, 3123-3131) and the four chains of the hemoglobin of Tylorrhynchus heterochaetus (Suzuki, T., and Gotoh, T. (1986) J. Biol. Chem. 261, 9257-9267) shows that the number and positions of the cysteinyl residues are all conserved. This suggests that the extracellular hemoglobins from both the Oligochaeta and Polychaeta have the same number and configuration of disulfide bonds within the molecule. Phylogenetic analysis suggests that gene duplication first generated an intracellular hemoglobin branch and an extracellular hemoglobin branch. DNA coding for a signal peptide would have been acquired by the extracellular globin gene after this event. At least two further gene duplications are required to account for the present four polypeptide chains.

Amino Acid Sequence↗
PubMed1978

Corticosteroids in patients with a high risk of fat embolism syndrome.

The effects of methylprednisolone on the clinical fat embolism syndrome were studied in a series of 60 patients who had at least two fractures of the pelvis, femur and tibia and who did not have any other important injuries. This series was dichotomized at random, and 29 patients were given 10 milligrams per kilogram of methylprednisolone three times, once upon admission and, then, at eight and 16 hours post-traumatically. Thirty-one patients served as controls. Fat embolism syndrome was defined as a combination of hypoxemia, bilateral "snow storm" infiltrations of the lungs, petechial rash, mental disturbances, pyrexia, anemia and thrombocytopenia. Varying degrees of the syndrome were observed in two patients given methylprednisolone and in 15 patients in the control group. Methylprednisolone reduced all individual signs. There were no fatalities in this series of fracturers. No complications were observed from the use of methylprednisolone. Methylprednisolone in an early pharmacologic dosage is effective in fulminant instances of fat embolism that occur in spite of adequate respiratory care and the proper treatment of fractures.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1987

Cracks in fossil enamels resulting from premortem vs. postmortem events.

Vertebrate enamel preserves a record of fracture-producing strain. Fracturing during the life of the individual is potentially a source of selection for stronger enamel in the course of evolution. To determine if it is possible to recognize such fractures in fossil enamel, cracks in a variety of fossil materials, including enamel-covered holostean scales, crocodilian teeth, theropod and hadrosaurid dinosaur teeth, and mammalian teeth were examined. Cracks that occurred during the life of the individual could be recognized by abrasive wear on edges exposed at the surface of the enamel in areas worn by oral or locomotor abrasion. Certain distinctive crack patterns were identified as results of specific stress states occurring during life. Transverse cracks on the anterior parts of Lepisosteus scales were probably caused by external loading. Hertzian cracks and shallow, arcuate, lateral cracks on the occlusal edges of tooth enamel appear to be caused by stress concentrating impacts. Horizontal cracks arranged asymmetrically on the sides of conical teeth were reproduced in models subjected to bending stresses. Oblique cracks near the tips of conical fossil teeth were produced in models by oblique loads near the tip. Vertical cracks around cylindrical or conical tooth surfaces may be caused by several different sources of stress, including lateral "wind" loads and vertical "snow" loads. Of the postmortem causes of fracturing of fossil enamel, drying cracks seem to be the most important. Experimental drying produced from 25% to 50% of the cracks in dry teeth.

Alligators and Crocodiles↗

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