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PubMed2001

[Clinico-immunological variants of the course of chronic pancreatitis].

AIM: To study relationships between clinical course of chronic pancreatitis (CP) and humoral immunity in CP patients. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Humoral immunity to structural and secretory pancreatic components and some phlogogenic factors of humoral and cellular origin as well as distribution of HLA antigens were studied in 115 CP patients. RESULTS: Two variants of CP course were identified: immunologically dependent and immunologically independent. These variants have typical clinical, laboratory, immunological and immunogenetic differences. CONCLUSION: Identification of immunologically dependent variant of CP has both fundamental and practical value as it enables more precise prognosis of the disease clinical course and differential approach to its treatment.

Antigen-Antibody Complex↗
PubMed2002

Developmental expression of pIgR gene in sheep mammary gland and hormonal regulation.

Secretory IgA found in external secretions are constituted by polymeric IgA (pIgA) bound to the extra-cellular part of the polymeric immunoglobulin receptor (pIgR). The receptor mediates transcytosis of pIgA across epithelial cells. The aim of the present study was to analyse the evolution of pIgR expression in the sheep mammary gland during the development of the mammary gland and to analyse its hormonal regulation. Gene expression of the pIgR was analysed in sheep mammary gland during pregnancy and lactation. By Northern Blot analysis, we observed that low levels of pIgR mRNA are expressed until day 70 of pregnancy. Accumulation of pIgR mRNA started during the third part of pregnancy and intensified 3 d after parturition to reach highest levels during established lactation (day 70). In situ hybridization analysis was used to confirm the increase in pIgR gene expression per mammary epithelial cell. In order to examine the hormonal regulation of the pIgR expression, virgin ewes were hormonally treated. Treatment with oestradiol and progesterone increased pIgR mRNA levels slightly. Subsequent addition of gluocotricoids induced a significant accumulation of pIgR mRNA in the mammary gland of the treated animals. Immunohistochemical analysis was performed to verify that the increase of pIgR mRNA level was associated with enhancement of the pIgR protein in mammary cells. No increase of pIgR mRNA levels were observed if PRL secretion was blocked by bromocryptine injections throughout the hormonal procedure. In conclusion, the present experiments suggest that the enhancement of pIgR levels during lactation result from combined effects of both prolactin and glucocorticoids.

Animals↗
PubMed2002

The distribution of secretory immunoglobulin A in the liver of patients with hepatolithiasis.

Patients with hepatolithiasis are known to be complicated with bile stasis and bacterial infections in the stone-containing ducts. It has been suspected that a decrease in portal venous flow is important in the progression of hepatolithiasis. This study was done to find if the affected liver in hepatolithiasis is inflamed or has lowered local immunity by an examination of the distribution of secretory immunoglobulin A and proliferating cell nuclear antigen in the intrahepatic biliary tracts in operative specimens of 36 patients with hepatolithiasis. The number of biliary epithelia stained for the immunoglobulin was greater when the cholangitis was more severe up to a point; in advanced cholangitis, with severe parenchymal atrophy or proliferating epithelia, there were fewer cells stained for the immunoglobulin than in mild cholangitis. In hepatolithiasis, secretory immunoglobulin A decreases when inflammatory changes become severe and there is parenchymal atrophy caused by stenosis or obstruction of portal branch.

Calculi↗
PubMed2003

[Correlation between the organ blood flow, substrate absorption from blood, the activity of transport into mammary gland secretory cells and formation milk components in cow].

Epithelial cells of mammary alveoles may he considered as a bioreactor that works being monitored by regulatory system maintaining balance between blood substrate supply and rate of macromolecular synthesis. In the trial performed on lactating cows assigned to feeding regimen with temporally altered level of nutrition, functioning of this system in the course of a transition period was studied. The earliest sign of adaptation was a decrease in volume blood flow through mammary gland provoking decline in uptake of water soluble substrates (glucose, amino N, P-hydroxybutyrate) with increase in arterio-venous difference across mammary gland and extraction efficiency. At the end of deprivation period, an activity of transport into the cell decreased for amino N from 7.5 to 4.5; l/min (p < 0.05), for P-hydroxyhutyrate from 16.0 to 13.8 l/min; activity of glucose transport was not changed. The data obtained indicate existence of defined points in the system monitoring organ blood supply and transport of substrates into the cell being adjusted during adaptation to alteration in the level of nutrition.

Adaptation, Physiological↗
PubMed1991

The polymeric immunoglobulin receptor.

As a model system to study protein traffic in epithelial cells we have used the polymeric immunoglobulin receptor. This receptor travels first to the basolateral surface where it can bind polymeric IgA or IgM. The receptor is then endocytosed and delivered to endosomes. The receptor is sorted into transcytotic vesicles which are exocytosed at the apical surface. The 103 amino acid cytoplasmic domain of the receptor contains several sorting signals. The 17 residues closest to the membrane are an autonomous signal for basolateral sorting. For endocytosis there are two signals, both of which contain tyrosines. Finally, transcytosis is signaled by serine phosphorylation.

Animals↗
PubMed1991

Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay of SIgA in whole saliva of healthy subjects and patients with oral diseases.

The author tried to determine the secretory immunoglobulin A (SIgA) level in the whole saliva of healthy subjects and patients with oral diseases by the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) technique. An ELISA system that was previously developed for determining the SIgA level in the pancreatic juice was modified and was proved to be applicable for the SIgA in the whole saliva. It was found that the SIgA in the whole saliva could be determined with excellent reproducibility and linearity when the samples were diluted 1,000-fold. This assay method was superior to the conventional techniques in terms of accuracy, covering a wide range SIgA levels in the saliva. In the 74 healthy subjects, the SIgA level in the whole saliva did not show any major age- or sex-related difference. However, patients with leukoplakia, lichen planus and carcinoma in the oral cavity showed higher levels of SIgA. The elevated levels of SIgA in the saliva of these patients suggested that some local changes in immunological competence might occur due to prolonged exposure to the antigen in the oral cavity.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1990

Histological features and histochemistry of the mucous glands in ventral skin of the frog (Rana fuscigula).

The glycoconjugate components of secretory granules were analyzed in cells of mucous glands in ventral skin from Rana fuscigula. The analysis was done with standard histochemical methods on semithin glycol methacrylate-embedded tissues. The staining patterns in semithin sections were comparable to those using paraffin-embedded tissue while the cytological detail was better preserved. The mucous glands contained at least two different types of secretory cells lining the lower two-thirds of the mature gland: a principal cell type filled with dense staining secretory granules and a solitary type containing paler staining, globular secretory granules. The principal type of cell contained variable amounts of acid glycoconjugates; predominantly carboxylated but also variably carboxylated and weakly sulfated glycoproteins. Other secretory cells contained mainly neutral glycoproteins. The results indicated that the mucus is a heterogeneous substance and that one cell type may produce different secretory products. We suggested that the variability in histochemical staining might be related to the sequence of biosynthesis of the secretory granule.

Animals↗
PubMed1990

Deletions in the cytoplasmic domain of the polymeric immunoglobulin receptor differentially affect endocytotic rate and postendocytotic traffic.

We have examined the function of the cytoplasmic domain of the polymeric immunoglobulin receptor (pIg-R) by producing two separate deletions in the cytoplasmic domain of the pIg-R, expressing the mutant receptors in polarized MDCK cells, and analyzing each for their effects on receptor and ligand traffic. Deletion of the C-terminal 30 amino acids (726-755) reduces the rate of internalization of receptor-bound ligand from the basolateral surface. However, this mutation has no effect on delivery of receptor from the Golgi to the basolateral surface or the post-endocytotic traffic of receptor and ligand. Mutation of a tyrosine at position 734 to serine produces a receptor with a similar phenotype. If residues 670-707 are deleted from the middle of the cytoplasmic domain, both basolateral delivery and internalization are unaffected. However, unlike wild type, after endocytosis from the basolateral surface, both receptor and ligand are largely degraded. We reported previously that deletion of the entire cytoplasmic domain prevents the basolateral delivery of newly synthesized receptor (Mostov, K.E., de Bruyn Kops, A., and Deitcher, D.L. (1986) Cell 47, 359-364). In contrast, the mutants reported here are delivered to the basolateral surface, suggesting that only residues 653-669 and/or 708-725 are necessary for basolateral delivery. Thus, different deletions in the cytoplasmic domain of the pIg-R can produce mutant receptors which alter different aspects of receptor traffic.

Animals↗
PubMed1988

Adenoid cystic carcinoma of the trachea and main-stem bronchus. A clinical, histopathologic, and immunohistochemical study.

Twelve cases of adenoid cystic carcinoma of the trachea and main-stem bronchus were histologically analyzed, and the results were examined with reference to the growth pattern of the tumor and the prognosis. The tumors were histologically classified into tubular, cribriform, and solid subtypes. Three histologic grades were established: grade I, tumors with tubular and cribriform subtypes but without solid subtype; grade II, tumors with tubular and cribriform subtypes in which the solid subtype comprised less than 20% of the area; grade III, tumors in which the solid subtype comprised more than 20% of the area. Three gross infiltrating types were established: type I, entirely intraluminal; type II, predominantly intraluminal; type III, predominantly extraluminal. In most cases histologic grade correlated with gross tumor type; that is, grades, I, II, and III were grossly types I, II, and III, respectively. The tumors infiltrating along the tracheobronchial wall were of the tubular or cribriform subtype, but not of the solid subtype. In two patients who died of distant metastasis, the histologic studies revealed the solid subtype. Immunohistochemical analysis demonstrated that the tubular subtype was the most differentiated form and the solid subtype, the most undifferentiated form. The histologic subtype of adenoid cystic carcinoma of the tracheobronchial tree was an important factor in the growth pattern of the tumor and the prognosis.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

Processing of the polymeric immunoglobulin receptor.

The transcellular transport of polymeric immunoglobulins (pIg) across mucosal epithelia is mediated by a membrane glycoprotein known as the polymeric immunoglobulin receptor (pIgR). The intracellular routing of the pIgR has been used as a model to study protein traffic. Examination of the biosynthesis and processing of the pIgR in mammary gland and liver have led to a working hypothesis for pIgR routing in the cell. These hypotheses are currently being tested in an immortalized cell line derived from rabbit mammary gland alveolar cells.

Animals↗

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