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At least 1,801 records · Page 100Linked to original sources
PubMed1991

Long-term effects of single-dose metrifonate on the control of urinary schistosomiasis in an endemic area.

During 1989 a survey for urinary schistosomiasis was carried out in children attending Kanhukamwe primary school where, 5 years previously, infected children had been treated with a single dose of metrifonate. The treatment programme had been supplemented by improvements in water supply and sanitation, but no mollusciciding or other vector control measures had been used. The majority of children examined had not taken part in the treatment programme but had grown up in the community where transmission was reduced. While the prevalence of infection in the children in the current study was similar to that seen 5 years previously, the intensity of infection was markedly lower. In a nearby village where improved water and sanitation had been provided but no treatments had been given, the intensity of infection in school-children of similar age remained high. About 20% of the children originally with negative urines and so untreated had now started excreting S. haematobium ova, compared with 45% of children who had been cured following treatment. Children who had been treated in 1983 but who had continued to excrete ova were retreated in this study. It was noted that children who responded well to the previous treatment (greater than 90% reduction in egg excretion) generally responded well when retreated, while poor responders (less than 90% reduction in egg excretion on original treatment) showed only a small reduction in egg excretion on retreatment.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1991

A health examination survey of morbidity in rural Nigeria.

A health survey to describe the morbidity pattern of a rural population in Nigeria was conducted among a 10% random sample of 1091 households in the Kainji Lake area of Nigeria. The diseases most frequently encountered were fevers, gastro-enteritis and chest infections, with prevalence rates of 50.2%, 37.1% and 10.0% respectively. Dental debris, conjunctival pallor, missing teeth and dental calculi were present in 65.8%, 59.1%, 32.2% and 24.1% respectively. The adult males were found to be significantly taller and heavier and with higher blood pressure than the females. Most of the health problems were attributed to various types of infection, but unhealthy social habits, lack of sanitation facilities and poor personal hygiene could have contributed to the overall morbidity in the population. Control of communicable diseases, community mobilization towards provision of basic sanitation facilities, good housing and dental hygiene were recommended to be included in health planning for the Kainji Lake area population.

Delivery of Health Care↗
PubMed1991

Economic effects of mastitis prevention strategies for dairy producers.

For efficient disease management in dairy production, the influence of disease prevention strategies on farm profitability must be known. A survey of mastitis control practices, milking machine function and maintenance, and cow environmental conditions was conducted with 406 dairy producers on the Michigan Dairy Herd Improvement-somatic cell counting program responding. These survey data, in conjunction with Dairy Herd Improvement production data, were used to develop a model estimating the marginal value products of mastitis control practices. Lost milk production associated with increased somatic cell count was calculated for each herd. Mastitis control practices, milking machine function and maintenance, and cow environmental conditions were used as independent variables in an analysis of covariance model with lost milk production as the dependent variable. Variables significant in explaining changes in production from increased somatic cell count were the use of teat dip, use of sanitizer in the wash water, milking cow bedding, summer nonlactating cow housing, summer calving locations, type of regulator, alternating pulsation, and rolling herd average milk production. The marginal value product (change in revenues received) from the use of iodine, chlorhexidine, and quaternary ammonium-type teat dips were $13.79, $16.09, and $22.17/cow/year, respectively, and these changes were statistically significant. However, sanitizer in the wash water was associated with a decrease in production. Management practices that have previously been shown to be economical and did not appear in the final model included nonlactating cow therapy and single-use paper towels.

Animals↗
PubMed1991

The roundworm, Ascaris lumbricoides.

Ascaris lumbricoides is a significant health problem. One billion people worldwide are infected. Most frequently it is seen in malnourished people residing in developing countries. Areas with modern water and waste treatment have a low incidence. The major serious sequelae associated with the parasite is intestinal obstruction, which occurs at a rate of 2 per 1000 people infected. Intestinal obstruction is fatal in 6 per 100,000 children. An estimated 20,000 people die of this infection annually. Although effective chemotherapy is available, long-term cure and ultimate eradication of this parasite requires improved sanitation and change in some cultural habits. The incidence in the United States has seemed to decrease, presumably because of improved sanitation. This problem is still encountered occasionally, necessitating familiarity with the clinical manifestations and treatment modalities. A professional explanation of this parasite and its life cycle will go far to eliminate the guilt of parents whose child has "passed a worm."

Animals↗
PubMed1990

[Experience in using new drug preparations for treating adult patients with acute intestinal infections].

Ciprofloxacin (Bayer, FRG), a derivative of hydroxyquinolone acid, was used for the treatment of patients with shigellosis and salmonellosis and for the sanitation of Salmonella carriers. The drug turned out to exert a positive effect on bacteriological sanitation of the body. In order to treat patients with food toxinfection of unknown etiology, use was made of intetrix (Farmacos, Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia). Inclusion of the drug into combined treatment of patients with food toxinfections did not show any material advantages.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1990

[Occupational hygiene when using low-temperature quartz in industry].

Hygienic aspects of the development of plasma technology are considered. As illustrated by the most widespread kinds of industrial technology, hygienic characteristics of noise, dust and gaseous mixtures, electromagnetic radiation and aeroionic air composition are described along with the qualitative indicators of these factors under various ways of plasma treatment. Trends in sanitation of labor conditions are demonstrated and examples of efficacy of various sanitation measures presented.

Air Pollutants, Occupational↗
PubMed1990

[Cost-benefit analysis of the control and cure of enzootic bovine leukosis, described in the example of a selected territory].

Severe economic damage had been inflicted upon numerous industrialised dairy farms by enzootic bovine leucosis in a selected region with predominance of stepwise production. Initial contamination at the beginning of control action and sanitation had been as high as 98 percent. The annual damage, in monetary terms, had been 3,205,041. - Marks, according to calculations. Now, after eleven years of control and sanitation, eradication of enzootic bovine leucosis has come into sight. Even during these eleven years, control action yielded a benefit of 19,005,451. - Marks, that is 1,727,768.20 Marks per annum or 69. - Marks per cow and annum. It will be possible in forthcoming years to bring the cost factor down and, consequently, to further increase the benefit.

Animals↗
PubMed1989

[A medico-rehabilitation complex and physical therapy rehabilitation center at an industrial plant].

Organization of a medical sanitation complex as an autonomous structural unit comprising physical training centres, medical diagnostic sectors, sports sanitation centres and gym-halls helps in raising efficacy of the Health Programme measures directed towards improving physical-training and health-improving work. These measures are conducive to decreasing disease rates among industrial workers and raising economic effect.

Humans↗
PubMed1989

[Optimization of the preoperative preparation of patients with chronic suppurative lung diseases].

Complex preoperative preparation of 87 patients with chronic suppurative diseases of the lungs included sanitation of the tracheobronchial tree by means of bronchoscopies (in 45 patients) and method of continuous nasobronchial catheterization (42 patients). The use of the latter resulted in rapid arrest of inflammatory alterations in the bronchial tree, effective sanitation of the suppuration focus, shorter period of preoperative preparation and less amount of postoperative complications.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1989

[Multiple stepwise regression analysis of etiological factors of esophageal cancer in Cixian county].

Cixian county, one of the high-risk counties of esophageal cancer in the world, has a standardized mortality of 142.19/10(5) population, 1969-1971. The incidence of esophageal cancer had dropped year by year from 1974 to 1982. The significance of the incidence tendency was studied. The results are highly significant (P less than 0.001). The causative factors of esophageal cancer including five independent variables: X1 (number of people taking sanitized water), X2 (number of people on pickled Chinese cabbage), X3 (annual output of fruit), X4 (annual output of fresh vegetable) and X5 (annual output of sweet potato) and one dependent variable Y (morbidity of esophageal cancer) were studied by correlative analysis and multiple stepwise regression. Three correlative factors (X1, X2, and X5) with significant effect on the esophageal cancer were selected from the five suspected factors. The result indicated that taking sanitized water, reducing the number of people on pickled Chinese cabbage, changing the structure of food and keeping the nutrient balance, might decrease the incidence of esophageal cancer.

China↗
PubMed1987

[Organization and ways of extending the scope of surgical services in a polyclinic in relation to total dispensary examination].

The authors analyze the first experience with widening the volume of surgical aid aimed at sanitation of surgical patients under conditions of polyclinics. Advantages of this progressive method are shown. It will improve qualification of polyclinic surgeons, contribute to rational use of surgical places in hospitals, rapid sanitation of population in the course of total dispensary examination which gives a considerable economic effect.

Ambulatory Care↗
PubMed1988

[Epidemiologic survey in the Vila Nova slum in the municipality of Duque de Caxias-RJ (July/1988)].

Due to the high endemicity of Hansens Disease in the "Duque de Caxias Municipality", Rio de Janeiro State, Brazil, an Epidemiological Survey of "Vila Nova" slum was planed. The goal was to verify the prevalence of skin diseases of sanitary concern and, also, to analise the socio-economical conditions of the population, especially those related with environment sanitation. 45% dwellings were visited and 86% of the population (1903 persons) screened by dermoneurological examination performed by auxiliary personnel. Tables show frequency of skin disease that received treatment on domiciliary basis. 19 cases were suspicious of Hansen's Disease. The social profile was assessed through the study of several parameters of the population: --economical, sanitation, personal and home hygiene.

Brazil↗
PubMed1987

[Surgical treatment of patients with diffuse forms of peritonitis].

Under analysis are results of treatment of 178 patients with diffuse forms of peritonitis for 2 periods. In the 1st period only one-step sanitation, drainage of the abdominal cavity and naso-gastral aspiration of the gastric content were performed. Lethality was 24.4%. In the 2nd period in the reactive phase of peritonitis a one-step sanitation, naso-gastral aspiration were performed, in the toxic and terminal periods--fractional peritoneal lavage and decompression of the intestines through ceco- and ileostomy. Lethality was 6.3%.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1986

[Minor surgical procedures and bronchologic cleansing methods in the treatment of acute abscesses and gangrene of the lungs].

Easy means of "minor surgery" and bronchological methods of sanitation were used in 234 patients with acute purulent diseases with the aim of drainage and sanitation of purulent cavities and for bringing antibiotics to the pathological focus in addition to detoxification, stimulating and antibacterial therapy. It reduced lethality among these patients and restricted indications to radical operations.

Gangrene↗
PubMed1985

Effects of water quality and water quantity on nutritional status: findings from a south Indian community.

Quantitative assessments of the relative effects on health of various aspects of water supply are virtually absent from the literature. Despite the lack of information, resources are being allocated throughout the developing world, for projects related to water and sanitation. The present study was designed specifically to overcome many of the methodological problems that other researchers have faced. Data were collected concerning the nutritional status of 627 children in three urban communities in South India. Information was also collected on water quality, water quantity, household sanitation, socioeconomic conditions, and housing. A statistical technique is presented that allows for controlling potential confounding factors in the analyses. The results, in general, indicate that at young ages (i.e., under 3 years old) water quality is relatively more important as a determinant of nutritional status, while at older ages water quantity is relatively more important.

Child Nutritional Physiological Phenomena↗
PubMed1985

[Histologic studies in the course of programmed peritoneal lavage].

A programmed peritoneal lavage was done in 20 patients. During this lavage, tissue samples were withdrawn for histological control. During the therapeutical lavage, the morphological signs of inflammation decreased. For the sanitation of peritonitis, the cause of the disease must be eliminated. The morphological signs of healing start during the first three days postoperatively. Peritoneal repair prevails after the second or third postoperative day. Peritonitis will be lethal without focus sanitation and with microorganisms resisting any therapy, although lavage having been done.

Biopsy↗
PubMed1979

The consultant dietitian in nursing homes. II. Functions and change effectiveness.

Data are reported on functions and effectiveness of consultant dietitians in nursing homes. Key responsibilities of the consultants included: Planning and writing menus, in-service training, nutritional assessment, and discussing diets with physicians. Activities performed on each visit to the nursing home were resident visitation and dietary consultation, nutritional assessment, communication with other departments, and checking foodservice and sanitation procedures. Most important activities of the consultant, as perceived by the administrators, were in three functional areas: Menu planning, modified diets, and education and training. Administrators indicated that the most significant change brought about by consultants involved modified diets, menus, sanitation, and communication between the foodservice department and other departments and with the administration.

Consultants↗
PubMed1972

Intestinal parasitism in Malayan aborigines (Orang Asli).

Surveys were conducted in the southern Malay peninsula to assess intestinal parasitism in the aboriginal ethnic minority groups. Faecal specimens from 1 273 persons were examined by the thiomersal-iodine-formol direct-smear technique. Prevalences are reported and, for helminth infections, data on worm burdens. The state of sanitation in each of 9 cultural-ecological groups was assessed by means of a simplified system of scoring for variables. Particular attention was paid to relationships between cultural and ecological factors, sanitation, and observed patterns of intestinal parasitism. The author also discusses the fact that the number of parasitic species diminishes in habitats simplified by man, whereas an increase occurs in the prevalence and intensity of the more adaptable species that persist in ecosystems of low complexity.

Adolescent↗

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