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At least 1,801 records · Page 100Linked to original sources
PubMed1992

Exudative retinal detachment and posterior scleritis associated with massive scleral thickening and calcification treated by scleral decompression.

A 66-year-old man presented with massive bilateral scleral thickening and calcification associated with a unilateral exudative retinal detachment which did not respond to systemic anti-inflammatory agents including steroids and cyclophosphamide but improved with scleral resection. This patient shows the features of both posterior scleritis and the uveal effusion syndrome, providing further evidence for the role of a thickened sclera and interference with the trans-scleral flow of fluid in the formation of such an exudative retinal detachment.

Aged↗
PubMed1981

Results with a temporary balloon buckle for the repair of retinal detachment.

We created temporary scleral buckles in 100 patients who had retinal detachments by inserting a balloon into the parabulbar space for one week. Cryopexy- or laser-induced adhesions were needed to make the attachments permanent. In 90 patients the balloon closed the retinal break and reattached the retina. In six instances the break reopened because of traction or poor adhesion and required a scleral sponge operation to reattach the retina permanently. The low complication rate may compensate for the increased risk of redetachment.

Adult↗
PubMed1995

[Intraocular surgery for secondary retinal detachment in proliferative vitreoretinopathy].

BACKGROUND: Proliferative vitreoretinopathy (PVR) is defined as the growth and contraction of cellular membranes within the vitreous cavity and on both surfaces of the retina following rhegmatogenous retinal detachment. This process is extremely important as these membranes exert traction and may cause recurrent detachment by reopening otherwise successfully treated retinal breaks or create new retinal breaks. We present the results of a small retrospectively series of 63 cases operated in the University of Geneva Eye Clinic, between 1990 and 1993. Surgical procedure, anatomical results, visual acuity have been reviewed. SUBJECTS AND METHODS: Surgical technique, number of surgical procedures, anatomical result and final visual acuity, have been reviewed in each case. Subjects have been divided into two groups depending on the degree of PVR (stage B or C). All patients have been operated combining extra- and intraocular microsurgical technique (scleral buckling, extended vitrectomy, perfluorodecaline, peroperative tamponade, endolaser photocoagulation, retinectomy and gaz or silicone oil tamponade). RESULTS: In the group presenting a stage-B PVR, the retina was reattached in 79% of cases, but only in 47% of the stage-C cases after one surgical procedure. The functional results showed only 31% of cases with a visual acuity superior to 0.4 in the stage-B group and 28% in the stage-C one. In all the stage-B cases that needed further surgical procedure, the retina could be definitely reattached, but in 9% cases of the stage-C group the retina remained detached and in 18% of the same group permanent silicone oil tamponade was necessary to maintain the retina reattached. CONCLUSION: Significant evolution has been observed in microsurgical endoocular surgery in the last ten years, allowing a significant improvement in the anatomical results. Stage-B PVR could be efficiently treated by one surgical procedure in more than 2/3 of cases strongly suggesting the use of endoocular microsurgery as a first intention procedure for retinal detachment complicated by stage-B PVR. An initial stage-C PVR is associated with a poorer anatomical and functional result because of an increased risk of recurrent PVR.

Female↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Retinal detachment in pseudophakia. Results apropos of 74 cases].

If the pseudophakic retinal detachment presents certain analogies with aphakic detachment; it as however a certain specificity: higher frequency of macular involvement, of proliferative vitreoretinopathy, of detachments without tears. In addition pseudophakic detachments must be analysed according to the mode of extraction and implantation.

Humans↗
PubMed1994

Visual outcome of secondary lens implantation after trauma or complicated retinal detachment surgery.

PURPOSE: Visual outcome of intraocular lens (IOL) implantation as a separate surgical procedure after severe trauma of the anterior or posterior segment or after vitreoretinal surgery for complicated retinal detachment resulting in aphakia was evaluated. METHODS: The charts of all patients undergoing secondary IOL implantation for the above reasons between 1988 and 1992 were retrospectively reviewed. A special transcleral suturing technique was developed for the posterior chamber lenses, where needles are primarily passed from the outside through the sclera to enhance correct positioning of the sutures. RESULTS: In all but one of the cases in group 1, visual acuity after surgery was equal to or better than before surgery. In the second group, visual acuity after surgery was equal to or better than before surgery in 9 of 12 cases. CONCLUSIONS: Secondary IOL implantation after severe trauma or vitreoretinal surgery for complicated retinal detachment is a fairly safe technique, with only few transient complications. Visual acuity did not deteriorate after surgery by more than two lines in any the cases discussed. Peripheral binocularity was restored in all cases. The suturing technique described here, in which the needles are primarily passed from the outside through the sclera, offers the advantage of exact positioning of the haptics in the ciliary sulcus.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2002

Differential expression of cone opsin mRNA levels following experimental retinal detachment and reattachment.

PURPOSE: To identify changes in S- and M-sensitive cone opsin gene expression following retinal detachment (RD) and reattachment. METHODS: Cat retinas were detached for 1, 3, 7, or 28 days, or reattached after 1 h, 1 day, or 3 days of RD and fixed in 4% paraformaldehyde. Pieces of mid-peripheral retina were removed from the same region of each detached, normal (attached), and reattached retina and embedded in paraffin. Paraffin sections (8 mm) were processed for in situ hybridization using S- or M-cone opsins, rod opsin, or phosducin riboprobes in vitro transcribed from cat partial cDNAs. Labeled cells were counted to obtain the number of labeled cells/mm retina. RESULTS: The number of cells labeled with the anti-sense cone opsin riboprobes, and the intensity of this label, decreased after RD. The number of cones labeled with the anti-sense S-opsin riboprobe decreased to 42% of normal at 3 days of RD. The number of M-opsin mRNA-positive cones decreased to 4% of normal at 3 days of RD. The number of cells positive for M-opsin or S-opsin mRNA recovered to near normal levels after reattachment. Phosducin and rod opsin mRNA labeling was near normal in surviving rod photoreceptors after RD. CONCLUSIONS: Cones and rods behave differently after detachment. There are significant obstacles to overcome in order to study the responses of cones after RD because surviving cells no longer label with antibodies used as cone markers in normal retina. The results of this study show that: (1) After RD, surviving cones decrease their expression of opsin mRNA while rods do not; (2) Upon reattachment of the retina, the cones once again begin to express their opsins; (3) Most cones survive short-term detachments; and (4) Defects in cone-based vision after reattachment may not be based mainly on the loss of cones but due to other changes in these cells, for example, reduced phototransduction and/or changes in synaptic connectivity to second order neurons.

Animals↗
PubMed2002

Basic fibroblast growth factor, glutamine synthetase, and interleukin-6 in vitreous fluid from eyes with retinal detachment complicated by proliferative vitreoretinopathy.

PURPOSE: To investigate the presence of basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF), glutamine synthetase (GS), and interleukin-6 (IL-6) in vitreous fluid from eyes with retinal detachment complicated by proliferative vitreoretinopathy (PVR). DESIGN: Comparative case series; experimental study. METHODS: In a prospective study, we measured bFGF, GS, IL-6, and total protein in vitreous fluid samples from 53 eyes from 53 consecutive patients with PVR operated on in our hospital. As controls, vitreous fluid samples from eyes with a macular hole (n = 9) or pucker (n = 11) were used. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Laboratory data of the patient group were compared with the control group and correlated with various clinical data, especially with visual recovery and redetachment. RESULTS: For IL-6, bFGF, and total protein we found significantly higher levels in PVR patients' eyes than in control eyes (P =.03, P =.046, and P <.0001, respectively). Within the PVR group, no significant correlation was found for IL-6, bFGF, GS, or total protein with the various tested clinical variables. CONCLUSIONS: We found increased levels of IL-6, bFGF, and total protein in vitreous fluid from patients' eyes with PVR. Whether the increased levels of IL-6, bFGF, and total protein are the result of an injury-induced upregulation of these proteins as part of a self-protective mechanism of the retina to minimize photoreceptor damage after the mechanical injury induced by retinal detachment is, at present, not known.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Retinal detachment in pseudophakia].

In the years 1987-1991, a total of 851 cataract extraction with artificial lens implantation were performed in the Ophthalmological Clinic of the Medical Academy in Poznań. There were 244 anterior and 607 posterior chamber IOLs. Retinal detachment was observed in this clinical material in 6 eyes (0.7%), only in the group of anterior chamber IOLs. The methods of applied retinal detachment surgery, its results and the status of the fellow eye are presented.

Adult↗
PubMed2003

Intraocular expression of endostatin reduces VEGF-induced retinal vascular permeability, neovascularization, and retinal detachment.

Endostatin, a proteolytic fragment of collagen XVIII, is an endogenous inhibitor of tumor angiogenesis that also inhibits choroidal neovascularization. In this study, we assessed the effects of increased intraocular expression of endostatin on vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)-induced changes in the retina. After subretinal injection of a pair of gutless adenoviral vectors (AGV) designed to provide tamoxifen-inducible expression of endostatin, diffuse endostatin immunoreactivity was induced thoroughout the retina by administration of tamoxifen. Induction of endostatin in double transgenic mice with doxycycline-induced expression of VEGF in the retina resulted in significant suppression of leakage of intravascular [3H]mannitol into the retina. The ability of endostatin to reduce VEGF-induced retinal vascular permeability was confirmed by using [3H]mannitol leakage and two other parameters, fluorescein leakage and retinal thickness, after subretinal injection of a bovine immunodeficiency lentiviral vector coding for endostatin (BIV-vectored endostatin, or BIVendostatin). Subretinal injection of BIVendostatin resulted in more discrete, less intense staining for endostatin in the retina than that seen with the inducible AGV system, which suggested lower levels and allowed visualization of sites where endostatin was concentrated. Endostatin staining outlined retinal blood vessels, which suggested endostatin binding to a component of vessel walls. More prolonged or higher level expression of VEGF in the retina resulted in neovascularization and retinal detachment, both of which were also significantly reduced by BIVendostatin. These data suggest that endostatin may be an endogenous inhibitor of vasopermeability as well as neovascularization. In patients with diabetic retinopathy, endostatin gene transfer may provide a way to decrease the risk of three causes of visual loss: macular edema, neovascularization, and retinal detachment.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Coagulation factors and fibrinolytic system in subretinal liquid in patients with rheumatogenous retinal detachment].

The work deals with estimation of some factors of blood coagulation and fibrinolytic systems, which include antithrombin III, factor X, prothrombin, plasminogen, protein C concentrations in the subretinal fluid of the patients with rhegmatogenous retinal detachment retina. The tendency to increase of the blood coagulation and fibrinolysis factor levels, except protein C, was revealed in the patients with complicated forms of the disease. The investigations mentioned above are capable of serving as a diagnostical and forecasting test characterizing the rhegmatogenous retinal detachment retina and surgical treatment proceeding.

Blood Coagulation Factors↗
PubMed1991

Management of intraretinal metallic foreign bodies without retinopexy in the absence of retinal detachment.

In the management of intraocular metallic foreign bodies impacting or embedded in the posterior retina but without retinal detachment, retinopexy can be difficult or dangerous because of surrounding retinal, subretinal, or choroidal hemorrhage, or the proximity of the foreign body to the optic disc and macula. The authors prospectively managed five such cases by pars plana vitrectomy and foreign body removal without intraoperative or postoperative retinopexy. Fluid gas exchange was performed in only one case. No attempt was made to create a posterior vitreous detachment in any of the cases. After follow-up, ranging between 8 and 35 months, all cases had attached retinas and chorioretinal adhesion around the foreign body site. None of the cases had preretinal macular fibrosis. Four of the five cases had a best corrected visual acuity of 20/20 or better. The other, an aphakic 3-year-old patient, was amblyopic. Spontaneous chorioretinal adhesion appears to obviate the need for retinopexy in these selected cases. The avoidance of retinopexy and fluid gas exchange may decrease the risk of retinal detachment and preretinal macular fibrosis.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1987

Secondary retinal detachment interpreted as a part of uveal melanoma by CT-scan.

Four patients with histologically verified uveal melanomas were examined with computed tomography (CT) scan. Ophthalmoscopy revealed a sharply deliminated tumour surrounded by a secondary retinal detachment. The clinically calculated size of the tumours corresponded well with the histological specimens. The CT-scan indicated a greater size of the tumours. The discrepancies were due to difficulties in differentiation between the tumour tissue and the subretinal fluid which have almost identical CT-numbers. By combining axial and coronal views it was possible to distinguish the tumour from the secondary retinal detachment.

Adult↗

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