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PubMedDate not supplied

[An analysis of the genetic sequelae of the contamination of winter rye crops by the radioactive fallout from the Chernobyl Atomic Electric Power Station].

Changes of important cytogenetical indices, like an yield of aberrant cells and their burden by damages, with dose value was shown at the study of genetical consequences of winter rye contamination with radioactive Chernobyl NPP fallout at the acute phase (the vegetation period of 1986). Larger genetical efficiency was demonstrated for low dose rate radiation. Stimulation of morphometric indices in rye seedlings characterizing their survival on the earlier stages of ontogenesis was observed together with significant increase of the cytogenetical damages.

Chromosome Aberrations↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[The genetic sequelae for plant populations of radioactive environmental pollution in connection with the Chernobyl accident].

Populations of Arabidopsis thaliana (L.) Heynh., and Pinus sylvestris L., growing within 30 km of Chernobyl and Bryansk region have been analyzed for the frequency of embryonic lethal mutations on Arabidopsis and frequency of chlorophyll mutations and chromosome aberrations by pine. On pine also have been analyzed rate of mutations at enzyme loci in endosperms of seeds. Dose dependence of the value genetic damage on level of radioactive pollution was observed.

Air Pollution, Radioactive↗
PubMed1997

[The nature of the changes in the immunity of the women who worked in the cleanup of the sequelae of the accident at the Chernobyl Atomic Electric Power Station and were evacuated from the radioactively contaminated area].

During examination of 37 women taking part in elimination of consequences of Chernobyl's disaster was revealed, that complex of disaster factors action resulted the formation of disbalance in the system of immunocompetence cells and caused the oppression of functional activity of neutrophils. In 110 women living on the radioactive contaminated zone (5-40 Ci/km) the phenomena of the secondary immunodeficiency in the form of defeat as cellular as humoral factors of immunity and nonspecific resistance system was diagnosed.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Re-establishment of effective radiation dose to personnel of a radioactive waste utilizing plant].

The radiation dose of incorporated cesium-137 was estimated in the workers of a radioactive waste-utilizing plant. For this, methods were developed to retrospectively estimate the dose of internal radiation from the data available in the archives on the body's cesium levels obtained through mass indicator monitoring. The methods were based on the theoretical considerations and variations of inhaled radionuclide intake. The average rhythm of inhalant intake was restored by 891 measurements made in 490 workers to calculate radiation levels in 1977-1995. The individual effective doses of internal radiation of the staff with cesium-137, which were accumulated by 1995 in the persons who began to work at the plant in 1997, were no greater than 1437 muSv and failed to be as high as 1% of the maximum acceptable dose in all cases.

Adult↗
PubMed1998

Radioactivity measurements on migrating birds (Turdus philomelos) captured in the Comunidad Valenciana (Spain).

The radionuclides 137Cs, 134Cs and 90Sr have been measured in edible tissues and bones of migratory birds (song-thrushes, Turdus philomelos) from central and northern Europe and captured in the Comunidad Valenciana, Spain in the 1994 autumn-winter season. Eight years after the Chernobyl accident, extensive agricultural lands in Europe are still contaminated and this study shows that there was a transfer of radioactive isotopes to the captured migratory song-thrushes. The whole-body dose commitment to humans consuming these birds is estimated.

Agriculture↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[The individual characteristics of 90Sr accumulation in the body of 2 species of the common vole inhabiting the territory of the eastern Urals radioactive trace].

Individual peculiarities of 90Sr skeleton deposition in voles M. gregalis and M. arvalis inhabiting at the territory of East Ural Radioactive Trace were investigated. More high accumulation of radionuclide in the organism of M. gregalis was registered. Considerable variations (3-6 times more, than in linear mice ones) of individual indices of radionuclide accumulation exceeding interspecies level are found. Possible reasons of both interspecies differences and an individual deposition' variability were discussed.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Free radical oxidation of lipids and antioxidant system of blood in infertile women in a radioactive environment].

Under the influence of different external factors, much attention was given to the study of the characteristics of pro- and antioxidant systems in the organism. It was studied the state of lipid peroxide oxidation in infertile women, who were evacuated from Chernobyl and Pripyati, and those who permanently live in the radiational-fected area. An appreciably high activity of lipid peroxidation was found in women who were affected by the radioactivity of different intensity. A sharp decrease in the strength of antioxidant defence system promotes a marked activation of the lipid peroxide oxidation. The cause of the sharp decrease of the intensity of antioxidant defence system is its exhaustion.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Histological analysis of the testis of Apodemus sylvaticus and Clethrionomys rutilus living in radioactively contaminated areas].

We made a histological analysis of testis in Apodemus sylvaticus and Clethrionomys rutilus inhabiting a contaminated area of the East Ural Radioactive Trace (EURT). It showed that in the control these species different in the total number of cells of spermatogenic epithelium and in testis indices which were determined by interspecific differences. Concentration of 137Cs and 90Sr in Clethrionomys rutilus from the sampling plot was correspondingly 1.5 and 6.1 times higher than in the control, in Apodemus sylvaticus--1.9 and 3.6 times, correspondingly. Clethrionomys rutilus from the contaminated area had altered kinetics of spermatogenesis--an increased proliferation activity of spermatogenic epithelium. Maximum degeneration of cells was observed at the stage of spermatocytes. Such changes were not observed in Apodemus sylvaticus.

Air Pollution, Radioactive↗
PubMed2006

Estimates of the cancer burden in Europe from radioactive fallout from the Chernobyl accident.

The Chernobyl accident, which occurred April 26, 1986, resulted in a large release of radionuclides, which were deposited over a very wide area, particularly in Europe. Although an increased risk of thyroid cancer in exposed children has been clearly demonstrated in the most contaminated regions, the impact of the accident on the risk of other cancers as well as elsewhere in Europe is less clear. The objective of the present study was to evaluate the human cancer burden in Europe as a whole from radioactive fallout from the accident. Average country- and region-specific whole-body and thyroid doses from Chernobyl were estimated using new dosimetric models and radiological data. Numbers of cancer cases and deaths possibly attributable to radiation from Chernobyl were estimated, applying state-of-the-art risk models derived from studies of other irradiated populations. Simultaneously, trends in cancer incidence and mortality were examined over time and by dose level. The risk projections suggest that by now Chernobyl may have caused about 1,000 cases of thyroid cancer and 4,000 cases of other cancers in Europe, representing about 0.01% of all incident cancers since the accident. Models predict that by 2065 about 16,000 (95% UI 3,400-72,000) cases of thyroid cancer and 25,000 (95% UI 11,000-59,000) cases of other cancers may be expected due to radiation from the accident, whereas several hundred million cancer cases are expected from other causes. Although these estimates are subject to considerable uncertainty, they provide an indication of the order of magnitude of the possible impact of the Chernobyl accident. It is unlikely that the cancer burden from the largest radiological accident to date could be detected by monitoring national cancer statistics. Indeed, results of analyses of time trends in cancer incidence and mortality in Europe do not, at present, indicate any increase in cancer rates -- other than of thyroid cancer in the most contaminated regions -- that can be clearly attributed to radiation from the Chernobyl accident.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2002

Introduction to the physics of molecular imaging with radioactive tracers in small animals.

Recent advances have greatly enhanced the three-dimensional (3D) imaging of radioactive tracers in living animals. this article introduces the physics of imaging behind the imaging methods. The article first discusses the selection of the radiation emitted from the tracer and then the process of tomographic reconstruction or how 3D images are made from imaging around the outside of the animal. The technique of single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) in which the detection of one X-ray or gamma ray at a time is employed for image formation is then described. Finally, positron emission tomography (PET) which relies on the simultaneous detection of the pair of gamma-rays formed when the positron annihilates is presented.

Animals↗
PubMed2001

Radioactive and conventional pollutants accumulated by edible mushrooms (Boletus sp.) are useful indicators of species origin.

Concentrations of artificial radionuclides and trace elements in Boletus samples collected in different areas of the world were detected, respectively, by gamma spectrometry and neutron activation analysis. The particular commercial value of Boletus edulis, B. aestivalis, and B. pinophilus from the Taro Valley (Parma, Italy) has often stimulated local factories to trade edible Boletus imported from several areas of the world as the real Taro Valley mushroom. Starting from this evidence, the calculation of the Chernobyl radioactive contamination in the mushrooms coupled with the presence of particular stable elements and their concentration factors has been demonstrated to be a potential useful tool for identifying the real origin of the samples. In fact, major differences in the radiocesium activity levels and trace element presence were observed even in mushrooms collected in nearby valleys. The radiometric data are supported by the statistical analysis. In particular, both the principal component analysis and the concentration distribution along a regression line support the idea of two different clusters: one referred to the "king boletus" of the Taro Valley and another one to the other conspecific samples from different ecosystems.

Agaricales↗
PubMed1985

Breast-milk radioactivity after 99mTc-MAA lung studies.

The concentration of radioactivity in the breast milk of four nursing mothers who had received injections of 99mTc macroaggregated albumin (MAA) was measured. The results were compared with previous measurements, and an estimate of the radiation dose to an infant from internal and external sources was obtained for various times of recommencement of breast feeding. It is suggested that feeding can recommence earlier than the normally recommended 24 h if this is thought to be clinically desirable.

Breast Feeding↗
PubMed1991

Rate of urinary bladder blood flow evaluated by 133Xe washout and radioactive microspheres in pigs.

Urinary bladder blood flow as measured by the washout of locally injected 133Xe and by the simultaneously performed radioactive microsphere reference-sample method was studied in pigs. The washout curves were analyzed according to the initial slope, the corrected initial slope and the total curve. The corrected-initial-slope flow rates were not statistically significantly different from the microsphere whole-wall flow rates. The variability between the methods shown by the test-retest difference revealed only a minor lack of agreement. The bladder blood flow tended to decrease after the intravesical pressure had been increased to 20 cmH2O, but the difference was not statistically significant. Washout of locally injected 133Xe can be used for the evaluation of urinary bladder blood flow in humans and in longitudinal animal studies. The corrected-initial-slope method is recommended for the analysis of washout curves.

Animals↗
PubMed1979

Use of radioactive gold in the treatment of pleural effusions caused by metastatic cancer.

This paper presents a series of 12 patients suffering from advanced gynecological cancer with the occurrence of pleural effusions. All patients received at least one intrapleural dose of radioactive gold (100 m Ci Au198) when the necessity for thoracentesis became more than once every three weeks. Three showed no recurrence of fluid, five a significant slowing down of effusion, and four did not show any response. Severe complications were minimal, and were comparable to those resulting from thoracentesis in general.

Adult↗
PubMed1977

[Drainage of the radioactive lymphotropic tracers 198 Au-colloid and 99m Tc-sulfur-colloid from the orbit in rabbits (author's transl)].

In order to investigate lymph drainage from the retrobulbar space colloid solutions (198Au-colloid and 99mTc-sulfur-colloid) were injected into the right retrobulbar space of 31 rabbits. The distribution of radioactivity was measured in vitro after dissection with a sodium iodine crystal well counter and in some animals in vivo with the Gamma camera. More than 90% of the applied activity of either colloid solution was found in some animals up to the eighth day post injection in the retrobulbar space and in the liver. The remaining activity was recovered mainly from the regional lymph nodes, due to its smaller particle size higher values were registered in the experiments with 198Au than in those with 99mTc. The highest concentrations with up to 4,6% of the activity were observed in the deep cervical lymph nodes on both sides. Minor concentrations of activity were found ipsilateral in the superficial cervical and mandibular lymph nodes. Furthermore, small but significant activities were demonstrated in the optic nerves as well as in the contralateral retrobulbar space. The present data clearly substantiate the existence of lymph drainage, although a slow one, from the retrobulbar space. Moreover they indicate a reverse prelymphatic-lymphatic flow toward the optic nerves and the contralateral retrobulbar space. These results are of importance in the discussions of lymphostatic ophthalmopathy. The clinical application of this method is desirable; however, at present it is not yet practicable without further studies.

Animals↗
PubMed1983

[Sea dumping of radioactive wastes].

This paper is an introduction to the problems of dumping at sea of radioactive wastes. A short survey is given on the dumping actions previously performed, the legal justification by international treaties, and the most important radioecological questions.

Animals↗

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