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PubMed1978

[Behavior of various blood constituents (glucose, fructose, insulin, lactate, pyruvate, free fatty acids, inorganic phosphate) and the half-life of monosaccharides in plasma after i.v infusion of glucose, fructose, galactose and invert sugar solutions in ruminants. 3. Studies in sheep].

Monosaccharide half-life as well as the effects of intravenous infusion of 0.5 g/kg body weight glucose, fructose, and invert sugar solutions on insulin levels in blood plasma as well as on pyruvate and lactate concentrations in the blood were measured in two adult sheep weighing 72 kg and 65 kg. The half-life values for glucose were 16 minutes and 19 minutes and that for fructose 20 minutes. Glucose half-life, following infusion of invert sugar, was 35 minutes or 25 minutes, while that of fructose was 16 minutes in either case. Infusion of fructose solution was followed by a somewhat sizeable and prolonged rise of the glucose levels in blood plasma. Infusion of glucose solution resulted only in short-time increase of fructose concentrations in blood plasma. The highest insulin rise in blood plasma was found to have taken place in response to infusion of fructose solution. Pyruvate and lactate concentrations underwent merely minor changes. Reference is made to the potential benefit of using invertose solution in the treatment of ketosis (cf. second communication).

Animals↗
PubMed1986

Acid-base balance and blood lactate and pyruvate levels in albino rats bred under normobaric hypoxia or normoxia, after muscular work in a hypoxic or hypoxic-hypercapnic environment.

Albino rats, Wistar family, have been raised since birth in normobaric hypoxic environment (10-12% O2). This hypoxic animal group and a normoxic animal group were subjected to muscular fatigue by forced march within revolving room. Normoxic animals were subjected to 3 spaced trials: in normoxic environment; in hypoxic normobaric environment; in the same hypoxic normobaric environment with about 2% CO2 added. Hypoxic animals were subjected to 2 spaced trials: in hypoxic normobaric environment; in the same hypoxic environment with about 2% CO2 added. At the end of every single trial, lactatemia, blood pyruvate, acid-base balance and the erythrocytic number were examined. Albino rats raised in hypoxic environment since birth, subjected to muscular work in hypoxic environment showed a smaller increase of lactatemia and a moderate variation of the acid-base balance, compared to normoxic animals in the same conditions. CO2 added to the respired hypoxic mixture during muscular work, attenuated in both animal groups, the observed modifications. Finally we found that the erythrocytes per mm3 of blood increased from the second drawing of blood.

Acid-Base Equilibrium↗
PubMed1977

Total parenteral nutrition in infants. Blood levels of glucose, lactate, pyruvate, free fatty acids, glycerol, d-beta-hydroxybutyrate, triglycerides, free amino acids and insulin.

Two regimens (A and B) for TPN were designed to meet the requirements of newborn infants for calories, amino acids, fatty acids, electrolytes, trace elements and vitamins. Both "A" and "B" included fat emulsion (Intralipid). "A" contained fructose and glucose, "B" glucose only. "A" provided amino acids (Vamin) in proportions similar to those of whole egg, "B" similar to those of human milk. All nutrients were given simultaneously into peripheral veins by constant infusion. Nineteen patients (11 newborns, 8 infants) were studied for 1-28 days. Twelve infants recovered, 7 died. In none could TPN be regarded as the cause of death. Treatment was complicated by sepsis in 5 infants. During the course of treatment, blood levels of substrates and insulin were measured before, during and 30 min after discontinuation of TPN. Highly raised concentrations of circulating substrates seen in 3 infants seemed to be related to a poor clinical condition rather than to the regimen used. Infants in good condition tolerated TPN well. Low levels of branch-chained amino acids and tendency to ketonemia, when infusion was stopped, suggested that minimal rather than optimal supply of energy and of amino acids in relation to energy was provided with both regimens. Low insulin levels associated with elevated blood levels of substrates suggested that insulin administration to selected cases might be indicated. Fructose (0.30 g/kg X hour-1) given with regimen A increased blood lactate concentrations. Homocystinaemia appeared in 2 cases; disappearance after excess vitamin B6 administration indicated increased B6 requirement.

Amino Acids↗
PubMed1978

[Behavior of various blood constituents (glucose, fructose, insulin, lactate, pyruvate, free fatty acids, inorganic phosphate) and half-life of monosaccharides in the plasma after i.v. infusion of glucose, fructose, galactose and invert sugar solutions in ruminants. 1. Studies in calves and heifers].

Studies into the half-life of monosaccharides as well as into the effects of intravenous infusion of sugar solutions (0.5 g/kg body weight of glucose, fructose, galactose, and invert sugar) on the concentration of various blood components were undertaken with six calves and five heads of young cattle. Half-life values of glucose and galactose were of nearly identical magnitude over the first weeks of age, whereas that of fructose was much longer on account of slower conversion. Infusion of invert sugar solution, therefore, cannot be recommended for calves during the first three weeks of age. Infusion of the above monosaccharides led to more or less strongly pronounced rise of insulin levels in the blood serum. More or less strongly marked pyruvate increase took place following infusion, if the pyruvate concentration in the blood plasma had been low before infusion. Lactate levels in the blood usually underwent little change, whereas the levels of free fatty acids and inorganic phosphate in the blood plasma usually were reduced.

Animals↗
PubMed1993

Interaction of exercise and age on substrates of carbohydrate metabolism.

Changes in blood lactate, pyruvate, glucose and tissue glycogen were used as indices to evaluate the extent of effects of physical conditioning in young and old male rats. Rats were trained on a running wheel and swimming tank for 10 weeks. Biochemical estimations of lactic acid (LA) pyruvic acid (PA) and glucose (GL) in plasma and glycogen in cardiac and slow-twitch soleus (SOL) and fast-twitch extensor digitorum longus (EDL) skeletal muscles of trained animals were conducted and compared with those of sedentary control rats. Blood parameters showed a decrease upon training in both young and old rats, though of variable significances, between exercise types. Glycogen levels in the cardiac and skeletal muscles increased in all groups with the exception in SOL of older trained animals. Hepatic glycogen exhibited an insignificant increase in all groups. Results suggest that, though the trends of responses of both young and old rats to exercise follow a comparable path, the magnitudes of changes are definitely impressed upon appreciably by increasing age.

Aging↗

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