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PubMed2004

[The burnout syndrome of the caregiver].

SLAVES TO THEIR WORK: The Anglo-Saxons were the first to evoke the "burn out syndrome" although the Canadians prefer to use "burning" in order to emphasize these situations in which the person is as it were literally "consumed by his/her work". The burn-out syndrome more specifically involves all those who have chosen to devote their lives to others. This is the case notably with health care workers because they are in direct contact with suffering, poverty, hardship, disease and death. THE ENHANCING FACTORS: There is no particular pre-morbid personality. Nevertheless, various factors can be at the origin of a burn out syndrome: subconscious motivations in the choice of the profession, capacity to adapt to hardship at work, excessive idealization of the profession, lack of recognition and the absence of any possibility of promotion. INSTALLATION IN 4 STAGES: The onset of an occupational burn out syndrome is usually insidious. Schematically, the first stage is idealistic enthusiasm. Then a helpless stagnation period follows with progressive disinterest, followed by a phase of frustration, before the onset of an apathetic disenchantment with search for a form of security. VARIOUS POINTS IN COMMON WITH DEPRESSION: A range of effects exist: sleep and digestive disorders, reduced performance, progressive feeling of exhaustion with impact on friends and relatives, irritability towards others, absence of dialogue, and a feeling of "emptiness". THREE ELEMENTS TO THERAPEUTIC POSSIBILITIES: The first consists in improving work conditions by changing the environment; the second consists in improving communications and enhancing the end to isolation and the third consists in changing the employee's private life. Such as reorganizing the person's life so that they can disconnect and develop other interest than through their work.

Burnout, Professional↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Prioritizing ergonomic research in aging for the 21st century American workforce.

The Bureau of Labor Statistics predicts that by 2008 Americans aged 55 and over will represent the greatest annual growth rate and will occupy 30% of the American population. Additionally, by 2008 civilian labor force participation rates for the 55 and older group will grow to 36.8%, a 6.5% increase over the participation rates for this group for 1996, with the 55 to 64 age group expected to add 7.3 million workers. The predicted median age of the labor force for 2008 is estimated at 40.7 years, an age not approached because the median age peaked at 40.5 years in 1962. Coupled with this aging profile, employment in professional specialty occupations will increase the fastest and add the most jobs in the decade leading to 2008. Within the professional specialty professions, the majority of the employment increases are expected to occur in the service industry division. The purpose of this paper is to merge demographic data with ergonomic and human factors data and predictions to explore areas of ergonomic research that will aid in keeping the aging workforce, and those with whom they interact, healthy in their jobs and keep the companies for whom they are employed competitive. Although some ergonomics research has been conducted in all the listed areas of expected growth, the paper reexamines the job demands in each sector, with a focus on the needs of the aging workforce.

Aging↗
PubMed1990

From women in white to scholarship: the new nurse leaders in Thailand.

The nature of nursing in Thailand has changed dramatically since World War II. The field is now led by a cadre of women who make nursing one of the largest occupational concentrations of women who hold doctoral degrees in the country. In this article reflections of these nurses on their profession, on their reasons for entering it, and on their contributions to it's development are discussed. The findings are derived from a survey of 16 nurses with doctoral degrees and from participant observation. The women and their parents who guided their choice of a career were attracted to nursing by ideals of social service and family obligations. They were also attracted to nursing by its cultural definition as a female career and by the pragmatics of university entrance examinations. Most of the informants attributed their career success to hard work, family support, a strong sense of responsibility and commitment, self-sacrifice for the common good, and a calm demeanor. A minority of informants stressed new values of scholarship and management skills such as long-range planning and independent thinking. The emergence of these new values suggests that nursing in Thailand is on the verge of a new stage in its rapid evolution.

Adult↗
PubMed1984

Role formation and division of work in multiprofessional human service organizations.

Many Human Service Organizations (HSOs) employ professionals and non-professional workers drawn from different occupational groups. The author presents seven factors that might affect the processes of role formation and division of work: the profession, the organization, power relationships among workers, the dominant profession, consensual decision making in workers' groups, client effects, and individual characteristics. The discussion highlights the dearth of knowledge on these issues, and the necessity for systematic and comprehensive study directed toward identifying the factors affecting the emergence of a variety of role formation and division of work patterns in HSOs.

Health Facilities↗
PubMed1980

Sexual rehabilitation of the handicapped: the roles and attitudes of health professionals.

This article presents results of a research project designed to: (1) identify those tasks related to the physical aspects of sexual rehabilitation; (2) evaluate the roles, participation, and level of preparation of personnel in nursing, occupational therapy, and physical therapy in carrying out the tasks; and (3) assess the attitudes and beliefs of the personnel in the three professions in relation to their responsibility for sexual rehabilitation of patients. A survey of 115 professionals directly responsible for activities of daily living (ADL) training of adult handicapped clients showed that 66% did not participate in any of the six categories of tasks identified. In general, the physical therapists were least active in sexual rehabilitation. The majority of the professionals held favorable attitudes toward the tasks and believed the specific tasks were important to their disciplines but felt their own preparation was inadequate.

Attitude of Health Personnel↗
PubMed2006

[Accidental exposure to blood by midwives in French maternity units: results of the national surveillance 2003].

OBJECTIVE: Midwives appear to be the health care workers exposed to the highest rates of bloodborne injury. In this paper - based on a national survey - we describe the bloodborne injuries occurring in this profession. MATERIAL AND METHOD: During the year 2003, 241 hospitals took part in a national survey of bloodborne injuries. Employees registered anonymous standardized reports of bloodborne events with the Occupational Medicine Unit. The data were processed by the coordination center for the fight against nosocomial infections (C. CLIN) which is in charge of the national analysis of all the events reported in this database. RESULTS: 169 of the 6973 bloodborne events reported during 2003 (2.4%), were signed by midwives or midwife students. The first three most frequent accidents reported were: ocular projections during childbirth, pricks when repairing episiotomy, pricks or cuts when handling soiled instruments. CONCLUSION: Improving knowledge of risk as well as promotion of protection/prevention measures well adapted to this profession should be helpful in optimizing future attitudes.

Adult↗
PubMed2001

Occupational health and safety in physiotherapy: guidelines for practice.

Most physiotherapists (91%) experience work related musculoskeletal disorders (WMSDs) at some time, and one in six makes a career change as a consequence. Many of these disorders are attributed to manual handling of patients. This paper proposes guidelines to reduce the risk of WMSDs based on Australian legislative requirements, the results of a survey of Australian physiotherapists and the literature surrounding injury prevention. These guidelines address the areas of environmental and job design, and the personal physical capabilities of physiotherapists, within the context of law. The paper concludes by calling for further research to explore and develop this area of injury prevention in the physiotherapy profession.

Australia↗
PubMed1996

An investigation of adult outcome of hyperactive children in Shanghai.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the outcome of hyperactive children diagnosed 15 years ago at the average age of 25. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Conditions of 197 children who were diagnosed as having minimal brain dysfunction (MBD) in 1979-1980 at our center and 103 normal controls were assessed by the parents in an inquiry form including educational achievement, occupational rank, persistence of attention deficit hyperactive disorder (ADHD) (MBD) symptoms, and pervasive conduct problems after a 15-year follow-up. RESULTS: Compared with normal controls, the probands continued to reveal typical symptoms in 70% of these children, completed less formal schooling, and were less often employed in higher-level professions, but did not exhibit significantly more conduct problems. CONCLUSIONS: Only about 30% of the formerly hyperactive children can get out of the shadow of ADHD (MBD) and succeed in their academic or occupational performance, and the rest continue to reveal some symptoms and some problems in their adult life.

Adult↗
PubMed2004

A prospective study of occupation and prostate cancer risk.

A wide variety of occupations has been associated with prostate cancer in previous retrospective studies. Most attention has been paid to farming, metal working, and the rubber industry. Today, these results cannot be affirmed with confidence, because many associations could be influenced by recall bias, have been inconsistent, or have not been confirmed satisfactory in subsequent studies. This study was conducted to investigate and confirm these important associations in a large prospective cohort study. The authors conducted a prospective cohort study among 58,279 men. In September 1986, the cohort members (55-69 years) completed a self-administered questionnaire on potential cancer risk factors, including job history. Related job codes were clustered in professional groups. These predefined clusters were investigated in 3 time windows: 1) profession ever performed, 2) longest profession ever held, and 3) last profession held at baseline. Follow up for incident prostate cancer was established by linkage to cancer registries until December 1993. A case-cohort approach was used based on 830 cases and 1525 subcohort members. To minimize false-positive results, 99% confidence intervals (99% CI) were calculated. Although moderately decreased prostate cancer risks were found for electricians, farmers, firefighters, woodworkers, textile workers, butchers, salesmen, teachers, and clerical workers, none of the relative risks (RR) were found to be statistically significant. For road transporters, metal workers, and managers, no association with prostate cancer risk was found. Although the RR for railway workers, mechanics, welders, chemists, painters, and cooks was moderately increased, these estimates were not statistically significant. For men who reported to have ever worked in the rubber industry, we found a substantially increased prostate cancer risk, but not statistically significant (RR, 4.18; 99% CI = 0.22-80.45). For policemen, we found a substantial and marginally statistically significant increased prostate cancer risk, especially for those who reported working as a policeman for most of their occupational life (RR, 3.91; 99% CI = 1.14-13.42) or as the last profession held at baseline (RR, 4.00; 99% CI = 1.19-13.37). Most of the previously investigated associations between occupation and prostate cancer risk could not be confirmed with confidence in this prospective study. The lack of statistical significance for rubber workers could be caused by the scarcity of rubber workers in this cohort and subsequent lack of power. The results for policemen were substantial and statistically significant, although a conservative value for significance level was used.

Aged↗
PubMed2006

Using outcomes-based methodology for the education, training and assessment of competence of healthcare professionals.

This paper outlines the job competence/functional analysis methodology that is used widely within the UK workforce and throughout the world. This outcomes-based approach to competence focuses on the description of the outcomes of work performance and is not concerned with job or professional titles. The four stages of functional analysis are outlined and illustrated with a functional map developed for the ophthalmic sector. The nature, purpose and format of occupational standards are described and illustrated, along with common errors in developing occupational standards. The knowledge and understanding of requirements that are described with the occupational standards can be used for curriculum development, but the de-linking of standards, learning and assessment means that qualifications can be awarded that are independent of any one learning process, and formal learning programmes are no longer the only access route to the qualification. This approach to competence can support meaningful discussions about how work may be shared between healthcare professions without compromising standards.

Benchmarking↗
PubMed1978

[Voice disorders following the use of hormonal contraceptives].

Voice disorders due to hormonal contraceptives in twenty-six patients are reported. All patients are working in occupations with a strong use for their voices especially of the singing voice. The disorders are primarily caused by norsteroid containing preparations (Non-Ovlon). Therefore these preparations should not be applied for patients in voice professions. With regard to good prophylactic measures and an early diagnosis a regular joint gynaecological and phoniatric examination is recommended.

Contraceptives, Oral↗
PubMed1991

[Thermal body condition of workers in the Dushanbe house-building complex].

Performed was a hygienic assessment of the occupational microclimate conditions in constructional industry site in Tajikistan. The article provides data on the work load and heat-related state of workers in major professions. It was established that, in the hot and dry climate conditions, the major factor is infavourable microclimate: heat in summer and cold in winter, which resulted in heat disbalances in workers.

Adult↗
PubMed1997

Minor psychiatric disorder in NHS trust staff: occupational and gender differences.

BACKGROUND: It is widely suggested that many National Health Service (NHS) workers experience high levels of minor psychiatric disorder. However, inadequacies of sampling and measurement in studies to date have not allowed this suggestion to be properly evaluated. METHOD: The present study was designed to overcome these methodological weaknesses by using a sample of over 11,000 employees from 19 NHS trusts and a well-established measure of minor psychiatric disorder for which there are comparative data. RESULTS: The findings show that 26.8% of the health service workers reported significant levels of minor psychiatric disorder, compared with 17.8% of people in the general population. Psychiatric morbidity was highest among managers, doctors, nurses and professions allied to medicine, with each of these groups recording higher rates than their professional counterparts outside the health service. It was lower among those in support occupations, such as administrative and ancillary staff. A feature of the findings was that female doctors and managers showed a much higher prevalence of minor psychiatric disorder than their male colleagues. CONCLUSION: Studies are required to establish the organisational, occupational and individual determinants of minor psychiatric disorder among NHS employees.

Administrative Personnel↗
PubMed2004

Vocal risk factors for occupational voice disorders in female teaching students.

The objective of the study was to assess voice capabilities and laryngeal abnormalities in female teaching students in order to evaluate risk factors of future occupational voice disorders. One hundred forty-four women (aged 17 to 41 years) were examined using videostroboscopy and voice range profile measurements. Stroboscopically, the subjects were classified into three groups depending on the shape of the glottal closure. Thirty-five phonation-associated alterations and six organic alterations of the vocal folds were found. Subjects with an insufficient glottal closure showed a higher percentage of phonation-associated vocal fold alterations (i.e. vocal nodules) and reached lower maximum sound pressure levels. The results underline the necessity to execute vocal examinations and vocal assessment analyses for candidates of voice intensive professions in order to avoid profession-related dysphonias at a later stage.

Adolescent↗

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