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PubMed2026

Metabolomic and structural signatures of pigmented and non-pigmented Himalayan rice landraces.

BACKGROUND: This study investigated the anti-oxidant properties, starch composition, pasting behavior, structural properties, textural properties and non-targeted metabolomic profiles of pigmented and non-pigmented rice landraces as potential next-generation functional food ingredients. RESULTS: Pigmented rice demonstrated 1.34 times more anti-oxidant activity as compared to non-pigmented rice. Pigmented landraces showcased superior nutritional and functional attributes, including higher total dietary fiber and starch content. Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) analysis revealed distinct molecular signatures with enhanced peak transmittance, while X-ray diffraction (XRD) indicated greater crystallinity ranging from 36-44.3% in pigmented rice compared with 30-40% in non-pigmented rice, suggesting improved digestibility and processing versatility. Pigmented rice recorded less amylose content hence tended to possess increased adhesiveness values whereas non-pigmented rice revealed greater amylose content hence was coupled with greater hardness values. Field-emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM) images revealed that pigmented rice had densely packed and polygonal starch granules whereas non-pigmented rice had loosely packed starch granules with intergranular voids. Untargeted gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) profiling identified 84 metabolites, including unique compounds such as 3,3-dimethylbutanol and ethanoic acid, along with shared metabolites such as sucrose and linoleic acid, highlighting notable biochemical diversity. Multivariate statistical analyses using principal component analysis (PCA) and partial least squares-discriminant analysis (PLS-DA) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway mapping further differentiated the metabolomic landscapes, with variable importance in the projection (VIP) scores identifying key bioactive contributors. CONCLUSION: Pigmented rice landraces exhibited significant functional and nutritional advantages, making them promising candidates for functional food development and nutritional improvement programs. These findings support their potential role in advancing sustainable and health-oriented food systems. © 2026 Society of Chemical Industry.

Oryza↗
PubMed1995

Psychosocial correlates of healthful diets: baseline results from the Working Well Study.

BACKGROUND: This report examines psychosocial factors related to selection of healthful diets. Understanding why people select healthful diets can lead to rational design and evaluation of nutrition intervention programs. METHODS: Data are from 16,287 respondents to the baseline survey for the Working Well Trial, a randomized, controlled trial of worksite-based health promotion. The psychosocial constructs we measured were predisposing factors (beliefs, perceived benefits, and motivation; 5 items, Cronbach's alpha = 0.65) and enabling factors (barriers, norms, and social support; 6 items, Cronbach's alpha = 0.57). The healthful diet outcomes were intakes of fat, fiber, and servings of fruits and vegetables (from a food frequency questionnaire) and intention and self-efficacy to decrease fat and increase fruits and vegetables. RESULTS: Based on a 5-point scale (1 = low to 5 = high), the mean predisposing factor scale score was much higher than the enabling factor scale score (3.77 vs 2.50, P < 0.001). Comparing respondents in the highest category of the predisposing scale to those in the lowest, mean percentage of energy from fat was 22.4% lower (-9 percentage points), fiber was 85.2% higher (+4.6 g/1,000 kcal), and fruits and vegetables were 100% higher (+1.6 servings/day) (all trends, P < 0.001). Associations were similar, but much weaker, for the enabling scale. Multiple regression models, which included covariates related to diet and the predisposing and enabling scales, explained a total of between 13 and 26% of the variance in diet and intention to change diet. After control for covariates, the predisposing scale remained a significant and strong predictor of diet and intention to change diet but the enabling scale explained small and nonsignificant amounts of variance. CONCLUSIONS: Predisposing factors are strong predictors of current diet and intention to change diet. Final results from the Working Well Trial will provide more information on whether enabling factors can be enhanced by intervention and whether these changes result in healthier eating patterns.

Adult↗
PubMed2002

Physical development and lifestyle of Hong Kong secondary school students.

BACKGROUND: Objectives of the present investigation were to study the growth and development of adolescents in Hong Kong, to analyze the interrelationship between their development and lifestyle, and to provide some helpful suggestions for lifestyle modification. METHODS: A total of 404 secondary students ages 12-18 years served as subjects. Morphological measures, blood pressure, blood lipids, aerobic fitness, and body composition were tested. A self-report questionnaire was administered to assess physical activity and dietary habits. RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS: Systolic blood pressure and diastolic blood pressure increased with age, and a gender difference was noted. Body height and body weight increased with age. Total cholesterol showed a lowering trend with age, and high-density lipoprotein had a slight rise. The percentage body fat for boys decreased with age but increased for girls. The higher percentage of overweight and obesity was closely associated with physical inactivity and inappropriate food selection such as eating snacks or food rich in fat or cholesterol. Tailor-made physical activity and nutritional education programs should be designed for adolescents, especially girls during puberty.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1992

Comparison of dietary intakes in four selected European populations.

The composition of diet and food intakes in four selected European populations were compared. Dietary data (from the World Health Organization Project on Monitoring Trends and Determinants in Cardiovascular Disease) were measured by record methods and were available for middle-aged men in Finland (n = 653), France (n = 1128), Northern Ireland (n = 356), and southern Germany (Augsburg region; n = 899). Nutritional variables--which are independent of the absolute energy intake, such as the percentage supply of energy from macronutrients and the ratio of polyunsaturated to saturated fatty acids--were on the whole similar. However, striking differences were found in food intake and in the percentage supply of fat from different foods. The results indicate that detailed knowledge of consumption figures is necessary to develop prudent and acceptable nutrition intervention programs.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Maternal knowledge regarding breast feeding and weaning practices.

The study assessed the knowledge of mothers of the high income group of urban Baroda, related to breast feeding and weaning. Forty mothers with children aged 4 to 18 months were studied. Knowledge and practices regarding breast feeding and weaning were assessed using pretested questionnaires. Results indicated that only half the mothers breast fed their babies on the first day. Breast feeding was stopped when the child was 3-6 months; top feeding and solid supplements were initiated at 4-6 months. Mainly commercial baby foods were used for weaning. Most mothers avoided 'dals' for the child because these were believed to be difficult to digest and produced gas in the child's stomach. Fifty percent of the mothers were not in favour of feeding the sick child with small frequent meals.

Adult↗

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