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At least 1,801 records · Page 100Linked to original sources
PubMed1985

Predicted pattern of human muscle activity during clenching derived from a computer assisted model: symmetric vertical bite forces.

A computer assisted three-dimensional model of the jaw, based on linear programming, is presented. The upper and lower attachments of the muscles of mastication have been measured on a single human skull and divided into thirteen independent units on each side--a total of 26 muscle elements. The direction (in three dimensions) and maximum forces that could be developed by each muscle element, the bite reaction and two joint reactions are included in the model. It is shown for symmetrical biting that a model which minimizes the sum of the muscle forces used to produce a given bite force activates muscles in a way which corresponds well with previous observations on human subjects. A model which minimizes the joint reactions behaves differently and is rejected. An analysis of the way the chosen model operates suggests that there are two types of jaw muscles, power muscles and control muscles. Power muscles (superficial masseter, medial pterygoid and some of temporalis) produce the bite force but tend to displace the condyle up or down the articular eminence. This displacement is prevented by control muscles (oblique temporalis and lateral pterygoid) which have very poor moment arms for generating usual bite forces, but are efficient for preventing condylar slide. The model incorporates the concept that muscles consist of elements which can contract independently. It predicts that those muscle elements with longer moment arms relative to the joint are the first to be activated and, as the bite force increases, a ripple of activity spreads into elements with shorter moment arms. In general, the model can be used to study the three-dimensional activity in any system of joints and muscles.

Bite Force↗
PubMed1975

Cast arch bars used in orthognathic surgery.

Cast arch bars are designed so that they are stable, comfortable, thin, and strong enough to withstand the forces of mastication during healing. The use of chromecobalt alloys for these arch bars keeps the cost low. The alloys are well tolerated by the patient and not as cumbersome as acrylic resin splints.

Dental Alloys↗
PubMed1975

Chronic myofascial pain-dysfunction syndrome with chest pain.

A patient with a myofascial pain-dysfunction (MPD) syndrome with pain radiating into the chest has been described. A direct relationship between a dental malocclusion and the chest pain was confirmed by tests. The patient was treated for MPD syndrome related to the malocclusion, and the chest pain symptoms were relieved. This report demonstrates the need for the dentist to consider not only the muscles of mastication in the management of problems of the neuromuscular apparatus but also the delicate balance which exists between the masticatory apparatus and the postural muscles of the head and neck.

Adult↗
PubMed1976

A magnetically retained interim maxillary obturator.

A technique has been presented for the fabrication of a sectional interim maxillary obturator with retention augmented by a magnet. A tonogram revealed a 32 per cent decrease in hypernasality during speech when the prosthesis was worn (Fig. 12). The positive locking and continuous retentive quality of the prosthesis provided by the magnet permitted normal speech and mastication as well as an improved psychologic state during a very trying rehabilitation period.

Carcinoma↗
PubMed1976

Dolder bar joint mandibular overdenture: a technique for nonparallel abutment teeth.

A mandibular overdenture technique has been presented that utilizes the Dolder bar joint attachment. Endodontically treated lower canines were retained as abutments. Two techniques for attaching the bar to teeth with divergent root canals were discussed: (1) the Schubiger screw system for those teeth with extremely divergent canals and (2) the Stutz pivots system for teeth with only slightly divergent root canals. The use of the Dolder bar joint offers periodontally involved teeth an improved crown/root ratio and splinting of the teeth. Because the bar is close to the alveolar bone, forces of mastication exert much less leverage to the teeth. Finally, the bar joint offers slight vertical and rotational movement of the denture as well as a stressbreaker action.

Dental Abutments↗
PubMed1976

A review of concepts of silver amalgam retention.

Retention grooves and undercuts are not advantageous to an amalgam cavity preparation. These mechanical locks do not prevent fracture of the proximal portion in vivo, do not inhibit marginal fracture, are not necessary for retention, and are a factor in the split-tooth syndrome. The tensile stress needed to dislodge the restorations would be impossible to achieve in the oral environment, and therefore, additional retention is not worth the added risk of endangering the integrity of the tooth and the pulp. All factors considered, a properly prepared, conservative Class II Black's type of cavity preparation not only remains the easiest to prepare with conventional instrumentation but also is totally adequate to withstand the stresses of mastication, magnifying the desirable properties of the amalgam restoration.

Dental Amalgam↗
PubMed1977

Management of patients with myasthenia gravis who require maxillary dentures.

Some signs of myasthenia gravis can be clearly identified in the oral cavity. The patient with progressive neuromuscular impairment may seek consultation because of dysphagia, impaired mastication, and dysarthia. The dentist should understand the pathophysiology of the symptoms and treat the myasthenic patient accordingly.

Aged↗
PubMed1980

The gestalt of occlusion--A clinical appraisal.

1. Occlusion, with its many ramifications, cannot be over simplified. It should not be considered so varied that a sequential and subtle analysis of its ramifications defies simplification. 2. The same mechanisms produce the correct or incorrect physiologic position of the dental units. A faulty mechanism must be recognized and all efforts made to return it to efficiency as soon as possible for the benefit of the entire system. 3. The correct physiologic terminal position of the mandibular condyles is the ideal relationship in the TMJ and activates the posterior component forces of the neurologic system. This forms the dentition into its most harmonious relationship. 4. Any teminal position of the condyle in the mandibular fossa, other than the physiologic terminal position, compromises the potential of a harmonious interdental forming process. The results range from simple deflective occlusal contacts to severe malocclusions. 5. The constancy of the occlusal plane relationship, easily determined from a cephalometric tracing offers a clinical guide as to its best functioning position. 6. A TMJ radiographic technique that ensures repeatable, reproducible, and traceable radiograms is an essential diagnostic aid. It is necessary to know the position of the condyle in the fossa before, during, and after procedures that alter the interocclusal relationship. 7. Not all TMJ problems are necessarily symptomatic. Occlusal adjustment procedures should be utilized to ensure a harmonious interocclusal relationship manifest by the muscles of mastication functioning in a nonsymptomatic, optimal, and physiologic manner, in all working jaw relations. The ideal physiologic terminal position must be established as closely as possible during saliva swallowing. 8. Only occlusal adjustment techniques utilizing the natural forces of the neuromuscular system to reestablish the ideal physiologic terminal position within the TMJ should be used. A technique such as that developed by Long satisfies this requirement. 9. Although there are many imperfections in knowledge, there are no imperfections in truth.

Cephalometry↗
PubMed1982

The prosthodontic management of cleft palate patients.

The role of the prosthodontist in the multidisciplinary approach to the treatment of the cleft palate patient has been described. A brief review of the literature on the historical background, epidemiology, and pathogenesis of the cleft palatal defect has been presented. A technique for constructing a cleft palate prosthesis has been outlined in detail. Treatment of several patients using this technique has produced excellent results. Prosthetic therapy aids the patient in developing normal speech, promoting deglutition and mastication and in closing off the oral cavity from the nasal cavity. The esthetic benefits can be instrumental in the psychologic and social acceptance of the cleft palate patient.

Adult↗
PubMed1986

Diagnosis and treatment of myofacial pain-dysfunction (MPD) syndrome.

The successful management of patients with MPD syndrome is dependent on establishing an accurate diagnosis and using proper therapy based on an understanding of the etiology of the disorder. Establishing an accurate diagnosis is accomplished by taking a careful history, doing a thorough examination, and having a knowledge of the various other conditions that can produce signs and symptoms similar to those of MPD syndrome. Using proper therapy is related to recognition that MPD syndrome is a stress-induced psychophysiologic disease originating in the muscles of mastication and not an organic disease arising in the temporomandibular joint. Thus, therapy should be directed at reducing stress, relaxing tense jaw muscles, and creating an awareness by the patient of the causes of the problem, rather than at analyzing occlusion, measuring joint spaces, and producing irreversible structural changes in the dentition and the articulation. Because good results can be achieved with these uncomplicated, reversible forms of therapy, it is important that the clinician does not succumb to an unproven fad or use of an irreversible procedure that will not achieve better results.

Adult↗
PubMed1987

A technique for fabrication of a cheek recontouring prosthesis.

A technique has been described for fabrication of a removable prosthesis that restores proper cheek contour. This prosthesis is a modified removable partial denture with a retentive surface to hold an acrylic resin bolus to recontour the cheek from within. The advantages of such a prosthesis for the patient with facial nerve paralysis include restoration of fullness and proper contour to the cheek (Figs. 7 and 8), prevention of trauma to the buccal mucosa during mastication, and stretching of the cheek, which indirectly improves oral hygiene in the buccal sulcus. The disadvantages of this technique include limited improvement in esthetic and functional contour of the cheek, and food accumulation beneath the acrylic resin bolus, which requires more meticulous hygiene.

Acrylic Resins↗
PubMed1989

Various methods in achieving anterior guidance.

The anterior teeth are essential for esthetics, phoentics, and mastication and are equally involved in protecting posterior teeth. A 10-year longitudinal study of treatment modalities was conducted for overbite-overjet occlusal relationships. Comprehensive treatment combining orthodontics, occlusal adjustment, and selective restorations minimized the need for extensive restorative dentistry. The treatment of selected patients with a 10-year postoperative evaluation was discussed.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1989

Severe vertical overlap: a modified method of treatment.

Severe vertical overlap may predispose the patient to abnormal function, improper mastication, excessive stress, and functional problems such as bruxing, clenching, and craniomandibular disorders. This report describes the establishment of a new occlusal relationship by using the potential of posterior tooth eruption with the Hawley bite plane or the canine platform method. It was used in patients with a full complement of teeth or with some missing teeth. Patients treated by either the Hawley bite plane or the canine platform demonstrate a stable and long-lasting new occlusal relationship. The method described is efficient, inexpensive, and convenient to the patient.

Bicuspid↗
PubMed1990

Anterior guidance: group function/canine guidance. A literature review.

Anterior guidance, which can be categorized as group function or canine guidance, is essential for esthetics, phonetics, and mastication. This article reviews the historical development and philosophies of both occlusal schemes. There is no scientific evidence that supports one occlusal scheme over the other. Where anterior guidance must be reestablished or where it changes, there currently appear to be more authorities who favor canine guidance over group function.

Cuspid↗
PubMed1990

Prosthodontic considerations for the transmandibular implant.

The transmandibular implant has been designed to provide the patient with a severely atrophic mandible an implant that will bear the masticatory load. Thirteen edentulous patients treated with maxillary complete dentures and mandibular overdentures retained by the transmandibular implant were examined biannually for 2 years. Prosthodontic complications included the development of parafunctional habits, "combination syndrome," and epulis in association with the mandibular denture. Surgery was necessary to control chronic mucosal irritation related to muscle pull in one patient. Among the soft tissue parameters, plaque index, gingival index, and sulcus depth demonstrated statistically significant correlations (Spearman). All patients reported an absence of discomfort and those with previous functional complaints reported the ability to masticate all foods. Patient response to overdenture reconstruction with the transmandibular implant seems to be similar to that observed with the combination case. Oral hygiene appears to be directly related to the soft tissue response.

Consumer Behavior↗
PubMed1992

New diagnostic and therapeutic mechanical device.

A new device is described that may be used (1) diagnostically to determine the relationship of the occlusion to tenderness in the lateral pterygoid and other muscles of mastication; (2) to relieve ischemic muscle tenderness; (3) to assist in the reduction of articular clicks; and (4) as a positioning device for the registration of physiologic interocclusal relations. The rationale for the causal relationship between the occlusion and lateral pterygoid muscle tenderness is explained.

Bite Force↗
PubMed1992

Effect of cavity depth on stresses in a restored tooth.

Restorative procedures commonly replace lost tooth structure, but redistribution of functional stresses after treatment is not fully understood. Many restorative methods are dictated by the integrity of the remaining tooth structure, because sparse tooth structure can lead to fracture. It is essential to prevent fractures by having a clear concept of the designs for cavity preparations, and to anticipate the stresses of mastication on the remaining tooth structure. Knowledge of various internal parameters of cavity designs would facilitate selection of the appropriate cavity preparation for a specific clinical situation. Three cavity designs and restorations were examined in this study for stresses using the finite element technique. After placement of restorative materials, the dentin experienced a dramatic change in stress gradient immediately below the pulpal wall, and this response was magnified in deeper cavity preparations. Enamel also exhibited major alterations in the stress gradient in all three designs of cavity preparations. The combination of the changes can cause cracks in the remaining tooth structure, leading to cusp fracture immediately adjacent to the deepest portion of the cavity.

Alveolar Process↗
PubMed1992

Prosthetic rehabilitation of the edentulous patient requiring a partial maxillectomy.

A variety of problems faces the prosthodontist attempting reconstruction of maxillary defects. This article reviews developments in materials and techniques of obturator prosthesis design for patients experiencing maxillectomy. The size of the maxillectomy defect is one of the main factors governing the prognosis for treatment. Many patients require special prosthodontic techniques. However, routine attention to extension of the prosthesis and balanced occlusion is essential. Obtaining satisfactory retention and stability in the definitive obturator prosthesis can be elusive. Resilient denture base materials are extremely useful in retaining the prosthesis, which obturates small defects. However, the flexibility of these materials makes them unsuitable in large maxillectomy cavities because of the deformation that occurs during mastication. Alternative forms of retention, eg., osseointegrated implants and sectional prostheses retained by magnets, are discussed.

Animals↗

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